Female Players Research Articles

Soft fitness means in regulation of psychophysical state of 13-15 year old female basketball players

психофизическое состояние баскетболисток 13-15 лет является важным аспектом эффективной соревновательной деятельности. Современный фитнес предлагает огромный арсенал средств, позволяющих регулировать состояния, однако существует необходимость разработки комплексной программы, затрагивающей разные стороны подготовки. Известно, что физическое и психическое состояние тесно взаимосвязаны, поэтому при реализации процесса подготовки необходимо уделять внимание и тому и другому компоненту в совокупности. Цель исследования: выявить возможности средств мягкого фитнеса в регулировании психофизического состояния баскетболисток 13-15 лет. Материалы и методы исследования. В исследовании приняли участие 2 группы респондентов в возрасте 13-15 лет: экспериментальную группу составили 22 баскетболистки, занимающиеся в детском баскетбольном клубе (ДБК) «Спартак» (г. Видное), контрольную группу составили баскетболистки спортивной школы олимпийского резерва № 49 «Тринта» (г. Москва) в количестве 21 человек. Результаты исследования. Разработанная нами комплексная программа позволяет эффективно воздействовать на психическое состояние спортсменов экспериментальной группы, что проявляется в более высоких показателях самоконтроля и эмоциональной устойчивости на завершающем этапе исследования. Кроме того, диагностика работоспособности выявила, что в экспериментальной группе статистически ниже показатели стресса и пресыщения по сравнению с данными, полученными в контрольной группе. Оптимальное психическое состояние отражается на показателях технической подготовленности баскетболисток и проявляется в увеличении количества попаданий в нормативе «бросок в движении» (11,76%, p < 0,05) и снижении времени его выполнения (3,49%); в увеличении количества попаданий в нормативе «штрафные броски» (18,33%, p < 0,05); в увеличении результативности челночного бега с ведением мяча (5,89%, p < 0,05). Выводы. Полученные данные позволяют сделать вывод о том, что опыт работы спортсменов со средствами мягкого фитнеса способствует увеличению возможностей регулирования психофизического состояния, что позволяет повысить эффективность соревновательной деятельности.

Injury surveillance in Spanish professional female soccer players: A three-season retrospective study

IntroductionDespite the popularity of soccer at the male elite level, data on the incidence of injuries in female players are limited. The study aimed to evaluate the injury incidence and rates in female soccer players in a professional setting over 3 consecutive seasons. MethodsData compiled from 71 elite female players with different playing positions and belonging to the same team were analyzed. The location and severity of injuries were reported according to international consensus statements on the process of conducting epidemiological studies in professional soccer. The injury incidence rate (IIR) for matches and practices and the rate ratio (RR) were calculated, and time-loss injuries during the season were also recorded. ResultsA total of 53 injuries were documented, with an overall IIR of 1.08 injuries per 1000 h and an overall rate ratio of 0.61. The lower limbs were the most affected region (86,8 %). The majority of these injuries occurred around the thigh and knee and were predominantly traumatic, with markedly higher rates of injury during match play (2.78 injuries per 1000 h) when compared to injury incidence during training (0.79 injuries per 1000 h). Traumatic injuries accounted for 48 (91 %) and 24 (45,3 %) were indirect contact injuries. Reinjuries amounted to 15 % of total injuries and August was the predominant month for injury, being goalkeepers the least injured players (13.2 %). ConclusionsFemale professional soccer players displayed injury incidence rates and patterns comparable to those of male players. This study provides epidemiological information that will help to inform future injury surveillance studies and the development of prevention strategies to reduce the number of injuries in elite female soccer players, focusing specifically on thigh and knee regions. All match involvements should be considered when exploring associations between the type of exposure and injury risk.

Musculoskeletal Disorder Risk Assessment during the Tennis Serve: Performance and Prevention.

Addressing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) during a tennis serve is a challenge for both protecting athletes and maintaining performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of MSD occurrence using the rapid whole-body assessment (REBA) ergonomic tool at each time step, using 3D kinematic analysis of joint angles for slow and fast serves. Two force platforms (750 Hz) and an optoelectronic system including 10 infrared cameras (150 Hz, 82 markers located on the whole body and on the racket) were used to capture the kinematics of the six REBA joint areas over five services in two young male and two young female ranked players. The mean REBA score was 9.66 ± 1.11 (ranging from 7.75 to 11.85) with the maximum value observed for the loading and cocking stage (REBA score > 11). The intermediate scores for each of the six joint areas ranged between 2 and 3 and the maximum value of their respective scales. The lowest scores were observed for the shoulder. Neck rotation and shoulder flexion are parameters that could be taken into account when analyzing performance in the context of MSD prevention.

The Effects of Medicine Ball Training on Batting Velocity in Female Collegiate Softball Players

The Effects of Medicine Ball Training on Batting Velocity in Female Collegiate Softball Players

Side differences in upper quarter mobility/stability are not related to serve velocity in tennis players with different levels of training experience

ObjectiveTennis is characterised by repetitive serves and strokes predominately performed with one arm. This can lead to differences in upper quarter mobility/stability between the stroke and non-stroke arm, which could even enlarge with increasing training experience and negatively affect serve velocity. Thus, we determined side differences (i.e., limb symmetry index) in upper quarter mobility/stability and their association with flat and slice serve velocity in advanced (ITN ≤ 4) female and male tennis players (N = 42, mean age = 23.9 ± 9.3 years) with different levels of training experience (< 2 years: n = 14, 2–5 years: n = 17, 6–8 years: n = 11).ResultsY Balance Test-Upper Quarter (YBT-UQ) side difference (i.e., composite score) and performances (i.e., medial reach) were largest in players with the lowest level of training experience (i.e., < 2 years). Further, YBT-UQ performances (i.e., medial reach and composite score) but not side differences were significantly correlated with flat and slice serve velocity, particularly in less experienced players. Our results suggest that significant side differences in upper quarter mobility/stability occur in less experienced players (indicative of increased injury risk) but they are not related to tennis-specific performance (i.e., serve velocity).

Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study aims to investigate the impact of a 12-week neuromuscular exercise program on balance, vertical jump, and core endurance parameters in female ice hockey players. Y balance test, vertical jump test and McGill test were used for evaluation of dynamic balance, vertical jump and trunk endurance, respectively. A 12-week training program was conducted on 50 female ice hockey players. The exercise group showed significant differences in anterior and posteromedial balance scores for both right and left (p&amp;lt;0.05), but there was no significant difference in posterolateral scores (p&amp;gt;0.05). The control group didn't show significant improvements in the vertical jump (p&amp;gt;0.05), while the neuromuscular exercise group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement (p&amp;lt;0.05). Trunk extension endurance improved significantly in the control group (p&amp;lt;0.05), but there were no significant differences in trunk flexion and lateral endurance (p&amp;gt;0.05). In contrast, the neuromuscular exercise group significantly improved all trunk endurance values (p&amp;lt;0.05). Neuromuscular exercise training applied to ice hockey players can improve the balance, vertical jump, and trunk endurance parameters. Therefore, the inclusion of neuromuscular exercise programs in the training programs of female ice hockey players can enhance their physical performance and may reduce the risk of injury.

Does the Final Score Influence the Physical Demands of Women’s Handball Matches?

The purpose of this study was twofold: to analyze and compare the influence of the final score of the match (close, balanced and unbalanced) on physical demands during official competitions in women’s handball; and to investigate if the physical demands of each playing position are affected by the final score. Twenty-two semi-professional female players from the Spanish 2nd Division were monitored across 13 official matches. Total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), high-intensity braking distance (HIBD), accelerations (ACC), decelerations (DEC) and PlayerLoad (PL) were collected in absolute and relative values using a local positioning system (WIMU PRO™, Realtrack Systems S.L., Almería, Spain). Two-way ANOVA with partial Eta-squared and Cohen’s d were used to determine the differences between playing positions and match types. Unbalanced (16.4±4.1 n·min−1) and balanced matches (15.2±3.8 n·min−1) elicited higher DEC/min than close matches (13.1±2.8 n·min−1) (p&lt;0.001, moderate effects). In relation to playing positions, wings covered the largest TD and registered the highest values of PL in balanced and unbalanced matches (p&lt;0.001, large effects). Also, wings presented the highest values of HIBD, HSR and HSR/min regardless of the final score (p&lt;0.05, moderate effects). Moreover, wings performed largely more number of ACC and DEC compared to pivots in unbalanced matches (p&lt;0.05, large effects). In conclusion, this study showed that the final score of the match influences the physical demands experienced by female handball players during official competitions. This information should be considered by coaches to adapt and periodize the training load across the microcycle.

Comprehensive analysis of the physical fitness indicators of highly qualified female handball players

Comprehensive analysis of the physical fitness indicators of highly qualified female handball players

The Impact of Pressure Training on the Performance of Semi-Professional Female Rugby League Players.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of pressure training on the performance of semi-professional female rugby league athletes. Using a within-subjects design, 16 female athletes (19.9 ± 3.4 years) performed a passing accuracy task under three conditions; (1) a control condition; (2) a physiological fatigue condition; and (3) a threat of consequence condition. Passing performance, perceived pressure, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and self-confidence were assessed. A significant main effect of conditions was found for rate of perceived exertion (p < 0.001), self-confidence (p < 0.028), and perceived pressure (p = 0.011). There was no main effect of condition on passing performance. Post hoc comparisons revealed that RPE was significantly higher in the physiological fatigue condition when compared to the control (p = 0.009) and threat of consequence conditions (p < 0.001). Perceived pressure was significantly higher in the threat of consequence condition compared to the control condition (p = 0.037). The main findings of this study are that (1) passing performance was not impacted by pressure training conditions, and (2) threats of consequences are an effective manipulation to generate pressure in female semi-professional rugby league players. These results offer nuanced insights into the impact of pressure generation in training environments for female semi-professional rugby league athletes.

Volleyball as a rising value in Turkey: Metaphorical perceptions of young female volleyball players

Aim: In this study, the understanding of female student-athletes who actively participate in the volleyball branch was tried to be determined through metaphor. Method: For this purpose, the study group consisted of student-athletes aged 8-16 who were actively playing volleyball in the 2023-2024 season. Pre-prepared metaphor forms were given to the students to bring together data. In these forms, they were demanded to fill in the blanks consisting of words with the phrase "volleyball branch is like… because…". In the first sentence, the athletes were asked to produce metaphors for the volleyball branch, while in the second sentence, starting with "because", the athletes were asked to provide justified expressions as to why they chose the metaphor they produced. Collected data; A 5-step evaluation was made, including listing and sorting, evaluation of sample images, category development, ensuring validity and reliability, and quantitative data analysis. The reliability of the study was checked out by utilizing Miles and Huberman's reliability formula [Reliability=Consensus/(Consensus+Dissensus] using expert opinions. Findings: Although it was determined that the most metaphors (n:13, f:28, 52%) in the categories related to the volleyball branch were in the emotional need images category, the most frequently used metaphor (n: 4, f: 51, 16%) was ıt was found to be in the developmental images category. Participating volleyball players mostly used the metaphors of future, life, career, success, my reason for living, light, happiness and family, respectively. Conclusions: Student athletes expressed the concept of volleyball from different perspectives through metaphors. In this context, student athletes see volleyball as a basic need. This has led to the conclusion that the success of our women's national team in particular plays a decisive role in this field and significantly affects the lives of female athletes. In addition, it has been observed that the volleyball branch has an increasing effect on the quality of life of student athletes and has a functional importance that touches the living spaces of athletes. (Extended English summary is at the end of this document) Özet Amaç: Bu araştırmada voleybol branşına aktif katılım gösteren kadın sporcu öğrencilerin bu branşa ilişkin algıları metafor aracığılıyla tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma grubu 2023-2024 sezonunda aktif voleybol oynayan 8-16 yaş arası sporcu öğrencilerden oluşmuştur. Veri toplamak amacıyla öğrencilere önceden hazırlanmış metafor formlar verilmiştir. Bu formlarda, ‘’voleybol branşı… gibidir… çünkü…’’ ibareli kelimelerden oluşan boşluklar verilerek, sporcuların formları doldurmaları istenmiştir. Birinci cümlede sporculardan voleybol branşına yönelik metafor üretmeleri istenirken ''çünkü'' ile başlayan ikinci cümlede sporculardan üretmiş oldukları metaforu niçin seçtiklerine dair gerekçeli ifadelerini sunmaları istenmiştir. Toplanan veriler; listeleme ve ayıklama, örnek imgelerin değerlendirilmesi, kategori geliştirme, geçerlilik güvenirliğin sağlanması ve nicel veri analizi aşamaları olmak üzere 5 basamaklı değerlendime yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın güvenirliği uzman görüşlerinden yararlanılarak, Miles ve Huberman’ın geliştirmiş oldukları [Güvenirlik=Görüş birliği/(Görüş birliği+ Görüş ayrılığı)] formül kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Voleybol branşına ilişkin ortaya çıkan kategorilerde en fazla metaforun(n:13,f:28,%52) duygusal ihtiyaç imgeleri kategorisinde olduğu tespit edilmiş olsa da, en sık kullanılan metaforun (n:4,f:51,%16), gelişimsel imgeler kategorisinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Katılım gösteren voleybolcular sırasıyla en çok gelecek, hayat, kariyer, başarı, yaşama sebebim, ışık, mutluluk ve aile metaforlarını kullanmışlardır. Sonuçlar: Sporcu öğrenciler voleybol kavramını metaforlar aracılığıyla farklı bakış açılarıyla ifade etmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda sporcu öğrenciler voleybolu öncelikle temel bir ihtiyaç olarak görmektedirler. Bu durum, özellikle kadın milli takımımızın göstermiş olduğu başarının bu alanda belirleyici bir rol oynadığı ve kadın sporcuların hayatlarını önemli oranda etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bunun yanında voleybol branşının sporcu öğrencilerin yaşam kalitesini arttırıcı etkisi olduğu, sporcuların yaşam alanlarına dokunan işlevsel öneme sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Mental health symptom burden in elite ice hockey players and its association with self-reported concussive events

BackgroundSome studies suggest that elite athletes experience adverse mental health symptoms at rates commensurate with the general population, despite the well-established buffering effects of exercise. Within contact sports, such as ice-hockey, recurrent concussions may be a source of this discrepancy. We compared the point prevalence of various mental health outcomes with other athlete and general population samples, as well as investigated their relationship with concussive events.MethodsWe surveyed 648 active ice hockey players from the top two men’s tiers and the top women’s tier in Swedish elite ice hockey on lifetime concussive events, hazardous alcohol use, problematic social media use, depression, anxiety, and burnout.ResultsHazardous alcohol use was more prevalent among male ice hockey players (29.5% AUDIT-C ≥ 6) compared to other athlete and general population samples, while other mental health symptoms were less common. Female ice hockey players reported higher hazardous alcohol consumption (36.4% AUDIT-C ≥ 4) than another athlete sample and more burnout (19.1%) than the general population. After adjusting for covariates, athletes with 3+ concussive events had 2.1 times the odds of elevated depressive symptoms and 3.5 times the odds of elevated burnout symptoms compared to those with no concussion history. Treating lifetime concussive events as a continuous predictor revealed positive correlations with all outcomes except for hazardous alcohol use.ConclusionsMental health outcome rates among active elite ice hockey athletes differ from those of other athlete and general population samples, whilst concussive events may be particularly linked to elevated symptoms of depression and burnout.

The Impact of Social Media and Socio-Cultural Attitudes toward Body Image on the Risk of Orthorexia among Female Football Players of Different Nationalities.

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is an emerging behavioral pattern characterized by an obsessive focus on healthy eating. Despite its prevalence, ON lacks formal diagnostic criteria in major classification systems like the DSM-5 and the ICD-10. This study aims to investigate the impact of socio-cultural attitudes towards body image and the role of social media on the risk of ON among female football players from Poland, Turkey, and India. This study hypothesizes that socio-cultural pressures and media usage significantly influence the risk of developing ON, particularly in cultures more exposed to Western beauty ideals. The study was conducted from May to August 2024, employing the Computer-Assisted Web Interview method. A total of 142 female football players aged 16-36 from Poland, Turkey, and India participated. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included demographic information and health metrics, the Socio-Cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire, and the Duesseldorf Orthorexia Scale. Statistical analyses included an ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The study found that nearly half of the participants were at risk of or presented with ON, with the highest prevalence being among Indian athletes. Statistically significant relationships were observed between the risk of ON and factors such as age, dietary exclusions, social media usage, and sources of nutritional information. However, no significant correlation was found between socio-cultural attitudes and the risk of ON, suggesting that other factors may play a more critical role. While socio-cultural pressures and media use are contributing factors to the risk of ON, psychological factors and individual behaviors appear to be equally, if not more, significant. This study highlights the importance of targeted educational programs and psychological support for young athletes, with a focus on promoting healthy dietary practices and positive body image perceptions across varying cultural contexts. Additionally, the results suggest the need for further research into the specific psychological and behavioral mechanisms underlying ON.

Parasocial Interactions in Otome Games: Emotional Engagement and Parasocial Intimacy Among Chinese Female Players

This study conducts qualitative research on female players of otome games, exploring the mechanisms of romantic relationship formation within these games and their impact on perceptions of real-life intimate relationships. The findings reveal that the parasocial romantic relationships formed in otome games are not entirely detached from reality; instead, they are embedded in daily life through game interaction mechanisms and the players’ internalized imagination, thereby influencing the reconstruction of real-life intimate relationships. Female players show a high degree of acceptance and immersion in these romantic relationships, focusing on the emotional support provided by male characters. These relationships play a positive role in fulfilling emotional needs, regulating negative emotions, constructing self-identity, and redefining perceptions of intimacy. The intangibility of physical contact remains the only significant shortcoming, as perceived by a minority of players, pointing to a primary direction for the future development of otome games.

Talent identification and development strategies in elite women’s soccer: a pan-European perspective

ABSTRACT The question of how best to identify and develop youth soccer players has received considerable attention from the scientific community. Existing literature has, however, largely focused on male players, with comparatively little exploration of the specific approaches employed within women’s soccer. Accordingly, we sought to investigate the key factors deemed important by elite women’s soccer clubs concerning the: 1) identification of potential talent; 2) development of players within the player pathway; and 3) selection of players for the next age group or senior team. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews with 11 key representatives from seven elite women’s soccer clubs. Clubs were purposefully sampled to include the highest performing teams (38 domestic titles and 10 UEFA Women’s Champions League titles) from five European nations (Spain, France, Sweden, Germany, and Italy). Data were analysed using thematic content analysis, resulting in six higher-order themes: 1) prioritising local talent; 2) recruitment from mixed grassroots leagues; 3) creating challenging developmental environments; 4) ensuring player wellbeing; 5) patience in decision-making; and 6) facilitating the youth-to-senior transition through a top-down approach. A total of 17 lower-order themes were subsequently identified. The present study offers novel insights of key strategies deemed important by some of the most successful women’s clubs in top-performing European nations. Future research examining the efficacy of such approaches could help inform the development of evidence-based practices for nurturing the next generation of elite female players.

Handgrip Strength and Upper Limb Anthropometric Characteristics among Latin American Female Volleyball Players.

Background: In volleyball, the upper limb dimensions and grip strength greatly influence offensive and defensive movements during a match. However, the relationship between these parameters remains underexplored in elite female volleyball players. Objective: This study aimed to contrast the upper limb anthropometric characteristics and handgrip strength (HGS) of female elite volleyball players against a control group. Methods: Selected upper limb anthropometric parameters and maximal HGS of 42 female volleyball players and 40 non-athletes were measured. Results: Players exhibited higher values in almost all variables studied than non-athletes. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001) except for body mass index and elbow and wrist diameters. Players showed a moderate correlation between dominant HGS and hand parameters (length r = 0.43 and breadth r = 0.63; p < 0.05). Weak correlations were identified with height, upper arm length, elbow diameter, and hand shape index (r = 0.32 to 0.38; p < 0.05). In the non-dominant hand, a moderate correlation with handbreadth (r = 0.55, p ≤ 0.01) and weak correlations with upper arm length, wrist diameter, hand length, and hand shape index (r = 0.32 to 0.35; p ≤ 0.05) was found. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of the upper limb anthropometric parameters as predictors of HGS and their utility in athlete selection. Future research should investigate biomechanical factors influencing HGS and injury prevention.

Eating disorder risk assessment and sociocultural attitudes toward body image among Polish and Turkish professional female football players.

IntroductionFootball requires high physical fitness and often involves maintaining a specific physique, leading to harmful eating behaviors due to internal and external pressures. Cultural norms influence the prevalence and types of eating disorders (ED), with differences in eating habits, beauty standards, and socio-cultural pressures affecting ED development. This study assesses ED risk and analyzes socio-cultural attitudes toward body image among Polish and Turkish female football players.MethodsThe study was conducted from April to June 2024 and included 103 professional female football players aged 18–35 from Polish (n = 49) and Turkish (n = 54) clubs. Data were collected using the CAWI method via Google Forms. Participants completed EAT-26 and SATAQ-3 questionnaires, assessing ED risk and socio-cultural attitudes toward body image.Results40.8% of participants were at risk for ED. No differences in ED prevalence were found between groups of different nationalities. Polish footballers at risk of ED scored higher on the Internalization-Pressure and Information subscales and the overall SATAQ-3 score. A weak but significant positive correlation was found between SATAQ-3 and EAT-26 scores.DiscussionThe study finds no nationality-based differences in ED prevalence among professional female football players, but ED is widespread, affecting about 40% of players. Nutritional status impacts ED risk, with higher risk among underweight and overweight players. Polish players are more influenced by socio-cultural standards of body image promoted by mass media. The study underscores the need for regular screening and psychological support.

A Comparison of Anthropometrics Parameters by Different Court Play Position in Girl’s Youth Volleyball

The aim of the study was to compare the anthropometrics parameters of young female volleyball players by different court play position. 52 female volleyball players (indoor court) (mean ± SD age: 15.7 ± 1.2 years) participated in the study. Players were divided based on their playing position (middle blocks, setters, liberos, and hitters (outside hitter/left side hitter and opposite hitter/right side hitter). They were examined in the field for anthropometric characteristics such as BM (mean ± SD: 61.4 ± 13.4 kg), height (mean ± SD: 163.6 ± 7.7 cm), Body Mass Index [BMI] (mean ± SD: 22.6 ± 3.1), waist circumference (mean ± SD: 70 ± 8.4 cm).All data are presented as mean ± SD, and the level of significance was set at p ≤0.05. Therefore, a parametric analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), was used to determine significant differences among positions in anthropometric parameters.Post hoc comparison indicated that height and body mass differed significantly among most groups; however, no significant differences were found between middle blocker and setters (p = 0.20) for height. In addition, no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) were detected between the setter and opposite hitters (p = 0.55) and between middle blocker and outside hitter (p = 0.41) for body-height. In conclusion this study indicates that significant differences exist among youth female volleyball players of different playing positions for body-mass, body-height, waist-circumference and BMI.

Gender disparities in long passing performance among senior football players: implications for inclusive training strategies

Background: Football, as the most popular sport globally, encompasses fundamental skills like the lofted pass, a cornerstone technique mastered early in player development. Purpose study: This study aimed to analyze long passing performance disparities between senior male and female football players. Method and material: A total of 74 football players, comprising 35 boys and 39 girls (ages 15-18 years), were randomly selected as subjects. Personal information including academic details, age, Body height (cm), Body weight (kg), BMI (kg/m²), training age, and level played, alongside football performance metrics such as: Ball speed (km), Kicked ball distance (m) and Approach run distance (m), were recorded. Data collection involved the use of a Bushnell Radar gun for speed tests and long pass (Model 101911, USA), a digital weighing scale for body weight (BEURER Typ 35, Germany), Stadiometer for body height measurement (SECA 206, Germany) and a measuring tape for distance measurements. Statistical analysis: The data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Mean, SD, and the Mann-Whitney U Test for independent samples (p&lt;0.05). Results: Indicate significant discrepancies in performance metrics between senior boys and girls. Boys exhibited greater ball speed (Mean=79.00±9.36km) vs. to girls (Mean=51.62±7.92km), with a significant inferential statistic of p&lt;0.00. Similarly, kicked ball distance favored boys (Mean=46.53±51.11m) vs. over girls (Mean=17.47±9.73m), again with a significant inferential statistic of p&lt;0.00. Notably, gender differences were less pronounced in approach run distance. Surprisingly, age, training age, and BMI showed no significant correlations with performance metrics, suggesting other influential factors. Conclusions: These results highlight the notable differences in football performance between genders, highlighting the greater speed and strength of boys in kicks and ball distance covering. Improving overall performance and inclusivity in the sport may depend on addressing these gaps. Keywords: Football, Long Pass, Gender Differences, Performance Metrics, Kinematics.

Relative energy deficiency in sport in female gaelic athletic association players

Relative energy deficiency in sport in female gaelic athletic association players

Relative energy deficiency in sport in female gaelic athletic association players and the impact on bone health and growth and development

Relative energy deficiency in sport in female gaelic athletic association players and the impact on bone health and growth and development