Tuberculosis Of Female Genital Tract Research Articles

Tuberculosis of Uterus: A Case Report

Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, being usually secondary to tuberculosis of the lungs. In Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis, fallopian tubes are affected in 90 percent woman, whereas uterine endometrium is affected in 70 percent and ovaries in about 20 percent. HIV induced immunosuppresion paves the way for several infections, tuberculosis being very common. This is a case of genital tuberculosis which was diagnosed after hysterectomy by histopathological examination in HIV patient. To describe an uncommon case of female genital tract tuberculosis diagnosed by histopathology. Total abdominal hysterectomy specimen was received. Brief clinical history was taken and clinical examination was done. Histopathological examination of hematoxylin & eosin stained sections was done. AFB staining was done to look for bacilli. Sections studied from endometrium and cervix revealed granulomas comprised of epithelioid cells, langhan’s type of giant cells. Testing for Tuberculosis & HIV should be undertaken because these are the infections which can affect any organ in the body. In patients with extra pulmonary tuberculosis, early institution of therapy & close clinical monitoring are keys to timely diagnosis and treatment of such co-infections. Keywords: Tuberculosis, HIV, Female genital tract

Elusive Presentations of Female Genital Tuberculosis: A Case Series

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has made a target of eliminating tuberculosis by 2025 under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Plan (NTEP). For this, it is important to identify cases, notify and treat them effectively. This case series is on women with unique presentations of the Female Genital Tract TB (FGTB). It further explores the diagnostic and treatment modalities of such cases. The cases include four women with atypical presentations- a young nulliparous woman with repeated episodes of pyometra, a woman with tubo-ovarian mass and chronic fever and two women with adnexal masses mimicking dermoid and endometriosis, respectively. The diagnosis was based on the unique presentations, exclusion of other diseases and on the operative findings. One should target to get a tissue based diagnosis. Now the government has advised Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT), for all samples of FGTB, to get an accurate estimation of drug resistance. It can be used in very interior areas, gives a result within the same day and also gives sensitivity results to the antitubercular drugs. CBNAAT may give incorrect results with small specimens. That makes clinical judgement by specialists very important. The antitubercular regime has changed and there are no separate regimes for relapses or treatment failures. It is now therapy with daily intake of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for two months and rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol for four months. For all cases of FGTB, a working definition should be given and notification should be done by the Nikshay online portal. Future structured studies are required to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of different tissues for CBNAAT in different clinical scenarios of genital Tuberculosis (TB).

Endoscopic Findings of Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis: A 3-year Analysis at a Referral Center

Endoscopic Findings of Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis: A 3-year Analysis at a Referral Center

Role of endometrial cytokines of the female genital tract tuberculosis in the context of infertility

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, one of the most common vulnerable sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is female genital tract tuberculosis (FGTB) leading to infertility. As FGTB produce clinical symptom quite late, its detection is very difficult to the health-care providers and according to some experts in this field; FGTB has no confirmatory investigation procedure. FGTB can cause other form of reproductive failure through ectopic pregnancy, tubal block, and implantation failure. Their presence may alter the cytokines level in endometrium. METHODS: A total of 300 cases in our clinic had undergone polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of tubercle bacillus (TB-PCR). Among of them, 91 individuals fulfilling all inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. In our study, we measured cytokines, two from pro-inflammatory group (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and IL-10) and three from inflammatory group (IL-2, interferon gamma [IFNγ], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα]). RESULTS: Out of 91 participants, 45 (49.46%) cases were TB-PCR positive, and 46 (50.55%) cases were TB-PCR negative. It has been observed that the value of IL-10 and TNFα did not fit any statistical parameter. The result showed that pro-inflammatory indicators IL-6 and inflammatory indicators IL-2 and IFNγ had significant different values between TB-PCR- positive and TB-PCR-negative groups. P value of this cytokines has statistically significant. CONCLUSION: From our study, we conclude that cytokine study was undertaken, of which IFNγ showed a possibility to become an important clinical indicator of endometrial hostility followed by IL-2.

Left Side Spigelian Hernia Containing Tuberculous Ovary with Abscess Formation - Case Report

Spigelian hernia is a rare entity, representing about 0.12% of all abdominal wall hernias.The causes of Spigelian hernias are, involving both congenital and acquired factors and up to 50% of these hernias occur in patients with a history of previous abdominal surgery, it is slightly more common in females, usually on left side and the median age of presentation is 50 years. The most common content of the Spigelian hernia sac is the greater omentum; but, an involvement of other organs has been reported. A few cases of spigelian hernia containing ovary have been reported in the literatures. Isolated tuberculous salpingo- oophoritis is a rare female genital tract tuberculosis. Her we presented a 51 years old female with Left side Spigelian hernia containing tuberculous ovary with abscess formation. Up to our Knowledge; there was no reported case of spigelian hernia that contained a tuberculous ovary; Thus, our patient may be the first case in this topic.

Presentation of Tuberculosis in Gynecology

Female genital tract tuberculosis is a rare disease, the exact incidence is not accurately known as it is under reported due to asymptomatic cases and lack of reliable confirmatory investigations. Observational study held at Elwiya maternity teaching hospital, from the beginning of June 2012 until the beginning of October 2014. During this period, nine patients diagnosed as cases of female genital tract tuberculosis. Patients admitted as emergency or elective cases, symptoms at presentation were fever, vomiting, loss of weight, loss of appetite, mild abdominal pain, acute abdomen, abdominal mass, ascites, ovarian cyst with elevated CA-125 serum levels, infertility, infected cesarean section wound. All these nine cases were diagnosed and followed up for one year. The diagnostic dilemma arises due to varied clinical presentation so clinical suspicion with detailed general physical examination should always be there especially in high prevalence areas of tuberculosis.

An Over-View of Tuberculosis of Female Genital Tract With Reference To Experience in a Medical College in Rural Set-Up in West Bengal: A Retrospective Two Year Study

Aim: To determine frequency of female genital tract (FGT) tuberculosis (TB) in the gynecological biopsies received in the Department of pathology of a peripheral medical college. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology of Burdwan Medical College & Hospital. Histopathological records of two year (2008-2010) were retrieved and searched for the cases of female genital tract TB. Relevant histopathological findings and clinical data were recorded and analyzed. Results: There were 1537 cases of gynecological biopsy and 9 cases were diagnosed as FGT tuberculosis based on histopathological and clinical findings. Ovarian benign cystic teratoma was seen in one case along with ipsilateral tuberculous salpingitis, one case showed B/L ovarian tuberculosis with involvement of both the tubes. Bilateral fallopian tubes were involved in 2 cases and endometrial tuberculosis was diagnosed in 5 cases with 1 case showing simultaneous involvement of the cervix. In one case omental biopsy received along with tubal specimen showed tuberculous granulomas. Conclusion: FGT tuberculosis was usually seen in age 16-28 years and constituted 0.59% of total gynecological cases. Fallopian tubes, ovaries and endometrium and cervix were affected with the involvement of peritoneum or omentum, commonest being tuberculous endometritis. Histopathology, in association with clinical findings still remains gold standard for the diagnosis of FGT tuberculosis in our country despite advancement in diagnostic modalities; however, incidental histological detection in clinically unanticipated cases is not an uncommon event. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11719 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July’12

Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia of the Fallopian Tubes which was Associated with Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis, Histologically Mimicking Tubal Adenocarcinoma: A Diagnostic Challenge

The benign proliferative and reactive processes of the fallopian tubes which are a result of female genital tract tuberculosis can mimick malignant neoplasms, both clinically and pathologically. 'Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia' is a term which is applied to the florid form of epithelial hyperplasia with atypical features, that mimicks tubal adenocarcinoma. It may be encountered in the tuberculous and the non tuberculous forms of chronic salphingitis. We are reporting a case of a 30 years old female who presented to our institute with complaints of vaginal discharge and fever. She underwent panhysterectomy for uterine fibroids. Both her fallopian tubes revealed features of florid atypical epithelial hyperplasia, along with widespread caseating granulomatas. Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining of the lesion for acid fast bacilli (AFB) was positive. A diagnosis of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the fallopian tubes which was associated with female genital tract tuberculosis, which histologically mimicked tubal adenocarcinoma was made, which posed a diagnostic dilemma.

O1040 Female genital tract tuberculosis: hysterosalpingographic appearances

O1040 Female genital tract tuberculosis: hysterosalpingographic appearances

Female genital tract tuberculosis with peritoneal involvement: CT and MR imaging features

Female genital tract tuberculosis with peritonitis is an uncommon disease in developed countries but is not infrequently reported in patients from developing countries. We report on two immigrants from developing countries presenting with female genital tract tuberculosis and peritonitis as part of miliary tuberculosis. On CT and MR imaging, the involvement was characterized by heterogeneous tubo-ovarian masses, dilated fallopian tubes with thickened wall and increased enhancement, heterogeneous uterine enhancement along with ascites, thickened peritoneum, omental masses and enlarged lymph nodes. In the appropriate clinical setting, especially when other manifestations of miliary tuberculosis are present, these findings should suggest the diagnosis of female genital tract tuberculosis. Laparoscopy and, in advanced cases, minilaparotomy with tissue biopsy for histopathological examination is often recommended for final diagnosis.

Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis

Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis

Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis

Female Genital Tract Tuberculosis

Laparoscopic findings in schistosomiasis of the female genital tract and pelvic tuberculosis: A comparative study

International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 70, Issue S4 p. D105-D105 Poster Endoscopic surgery Laparoscopic findings in schistosomiasis of the female genital tract and pelvic tuberculosis: A comparative study A.H. Badawy, A.H. BadawySearch for more papers by this author A.H. Badawy, A.H. BadawySearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 December 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(00)84504-XAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume70, IssueS42000Pages D105-D105 RelatedInformation

Sonographic features of tuberculous peritonitis with female genital tract tuberculosis

Our aim was to illustrate the sonographic features of tuberculous peritonitis with female genital tract tuberculosis in an attempt to facilitate the recognition of the disorder preoperatively. Transabdominal and transvaginal sonographic features and the findings from laparotomy/laparoscopy, endometrial biopsy and microbiology were reviewed and compared in 15 patients with tuberculous peritonitis with female genital tract tuberculosis. Of the 15 patients, 12 had wet tuberculosis and three had dry (adhesive) tuberculosis. Sonographic features of wet tuberculosis were categorized as follows: septated ascites (ten patients), particulate ascites (two patients), loculated fluid (two patients), thickened peritoneum (eight patients), thickened omentum (eight patients), adnexal mass (11 patients), adhesions (seven patients) and endometrial involvement (five patients). Adnexal masses, adhesions and loculated fluid were found to be present in the dry type. When sonographic findings were compared with those of laparotomy and/or laparoscopy and/or endometrial biopsy, ultrasound was able to identify aspects of tuberculosis infection as follows: ascites/loculated fluid, 13/13 (100%); adnexal mass, 12/13 (93%); peritoneal thickening, 9/13 (69%); omental thickening, 8/13 (61%); and endometrial involvement, 5/6 (83%). We conclude that awareness of the sonographic changes associated with tuberculosis infection may improve diagnostic accuracy, and avoid clinical mismanagement and surgical explorations in the wet type of tuberculosis.

Atypical presentation of female genital tract tuberculosis

Three patients with atypical presentation of female genital tract tuberculosis are reported. Tuberculous hydrosalpinx with abdominal peritonitis, concomitant ectopic gestation with active salpingitis and tuberculous endometritis presenting as postmenopausal vaginal discharge are uncommon clinical manifestations. The age distribution, the importance of careful histological examination and the available methods for follow-up are discussed in the appropriate cases.

Female genital tract tuberculosis in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital: A retrospective one year histopathological study

Aim: To determine frequency of female genital tract (FGT) tuberculosis (TB) in the gynecological biopsies received in the Department of Histopathology of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Histopathology records of one year (14th April 2006 to 13th April 2007) were retrieved and searched for the cases of female genital tract TB. Relevant histopathological findings and clinical data were recorded and analyzed. Results: We analyzed 5696 histopathological cases during one year period for FGT tuberculosis. There were 1565 cases of gynecological biopsy and 9 cases were diagnosed as FGT tuberculosis based on histopathological and clinical findings. Ovarian tuberculosis was seen in three cases, bilateral fallopian tubes were involved in 2 cases and endometrial tuberculosis was diagnosed in 2 cases. 3 cases of omental biopsy and 1 case of peritoneal biopsy showed tubercular granulomas. Conclusion: FGT tuberculosis was usually seen in age 16-28 years and constituted 0.57% of total gynecological cases and 0.15% of total biopsies. Fallopian tubes, ovaries and endometrium were affected with the involvement of peritoneum or omentum, common event being tubercular endosalpingitis. Histopathology in association with clinical findings still remains gold standard for the diagnosis of FGT tuberculosis in our country despite advancement in diagnostic modalities; however, incidental histological detection in clinically unanticipated cases is not an uncommon event. Key Words: Female genital tract TB, histopathology, clinical findings. doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1452 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 29 - 34

Female genital tract tuberculosis: a statement of the Committee on Therapy.

Female genital tract tuberculosis: a statement of the Committee on Therapy.