Female Employees Research Articles

Current Use and Discrepancies in the Adoption of Health-Related Internet of Things and Apps Among Working Women in Japan: Large-Scale, Internet-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey.

Demographic changes and a low birth rate have led to a workforce shortage in Japan. To address this issue, the government has promoted engagement of female employment. However, increased female employment can impact women's health. Using Internet of Things (IoT) and apps to manage women's health has gained attention, but few studies have focused on working women. This study aimed to clarify the current situation of working women and their use of IoT or apps to manage their health. A large-scale, nationwide internet survey was conducted among 10,000 female participants aged from 20 years to 64 years in Japan. Participants were recruited from a marketing research company's active survey panel of 5.24 million members. The survey included questions about health status, sociodemographic factors, psychological characteristics, and the use of IoT or apps for health management. We compared perceived health status and reasons for current IoT use using t tests and assessed participant characteristics that predicted IoT use using the C5.0 decision tree algorithm. Ethical approval was granted by St. Luke's International University. Among participants, 14.6% (1455/10,000) currently used IoT or apps, 7% (695/10,000) used them previously, and 78.5% (7850/10,000) had never used them. Current users (42.7 years old) were older than past users (39.7 years old). Discrepancies were observed between participants' perceived health problems and the purpose for using IoT or apps, with 21.3% (2130/10,000) of all women reporting they experienced menstrual symptoms or disorders but only 3.5% (347/10,000) used IoT or apps to manage the same symptom. On the other hand, current users were more likely to use IoT or apps to manage nutrition-related problems such as underweight or obesity (405/1455, 27.8%). Device use was highest among current users, with 87.3% (1270/1455) using smartphones, 19.7% (287/1455) using smartwatches, and 13.3% (194/1455) using PCs. Decision tree analysis identified 6 clusters, the largest consisting of 81.6% (5323/6523) of non-IoT users who did not exercise regularly, while pregnant women were more likely to use IoT or apps. Our findings highlight the idea that woman with particular health problems (ie, menstrual symptoms or disorders and premenstrual syndrome) have lower use of IoT or apps, suggesting an unmet need for IoT and apps in specific areas.

The Dilemma of Women in the Workplace

Influenced by historical factors, women are often in a disadvantaged position in the workplace and in life. First of all, in the workplace, sometimes women and men are not paid equally even though they make the same contributions in the workplace. In addition, society often assumes that women need to take care of the family, resulting in women needing to adjust the balance between work and family. At the same time, men often do not have this problem. Second, young women entering the workforce are often vulnerable to sexual harassment by male leaders and bosses. This adds to the difficulties women face in the workplace. These inequalities are fundamentally caused by the subconscious existence of gender inequality in society and disrespect for women. This unequal treatment inhibits the enthusiasm of female employees and is not conducive to the guarantee of work efficiency. This paper analyzes the dilemma of women in the workplace and the causes of these difficulties, aiming to propose solutions to help women get out of the dilemma in the workplace, further realize gender equality in social status, and protect women's human rights.

Analysis of Change in Marriage and Divorce and Associated Socioeconomic Variables during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, people have contended with health, economic, and social issues on a global scale. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on marriage-divorce, (Crude marriage rate, divorce rate, birth rate, male and female first marriage age) and their socioeconomic related indicators (The ratio of female high school and undergraduate school graduates, man and women employment rates, unemployment rate, GDP per capita,suicide rate). The regions had the highest female employment rate were differentiated by lowest crude marriage and crude birth rates. In addition to this, the regions had the highest divorce rate were differentiated by the highest educated women rate and GDP per capita. As a result, the regional differences were high in the country in terms of study indicators.

Work-family policies and perceived organisational support as drivers of well-being and satisfaction among employees in the tourism industry

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of accessible work-family policies (WFP) and organisational support on job satisfaction mediated by employee well-being. Furthermore, it examined whether these relationships differed depending on employees’ gender and family responsibilities. The study involved 568 participants employed in the Spanish tourism industry, including front-line workers and managerial staff, with a similar proportion of male and female employees, nearly half of whom had family responsibilities. The valid questionnaires were analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique. The results highlighted the importance of organisational support and the accessibility of WFP in determining satisfaction in the workplace. While WFP accessibility had a residual effect, organisational support had a more substantial impact on overall satisfaction. Moreover, emotional and physical well-being (EWB, PWB) were crucial factors that directly influenced job satisfaction and mediated the relationship. The study revealed that family responsibilities and gender significantly shaped the relationships between organisational support, WFP accessibility, EWB, and PWB.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of Academic and Administrative Staff at Izmir Bakırçay University towards Rational Drug Use

Objective: It is aimed to evaluate the knowledge level and behaviors of university staff about rational drug use, and to create literature on intervention studies. Materials and Methods: The descriptive study was carried out online among the academic and administrative staff of İzmir Bakırçay University. Its population consists of 308 university personnel and the sample was not selected. A 20-question questionnaire and a 21-item Rational Drug Use Scale were sent to all personnel who accepted the study, and 219 personnel (71.1%) participated. Independent variables, sociodemographic characteristics and substance use habits are the dependent variable scale score. SPSS 20.0 statistical package program was used. Descriptive statistics, number and percentage distributions, differences between groups were evaluated with Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: 89.9% of the participants had good knowledge of rational drug use, and their average score was 38.4±3.5. The level of knowledge of women, academic staff and participants aged 40 and over is higher (p=0.015). Conclusion: Academic staff and female employees aged 40 and over have higher RHR knowledge levels. In order to gain Rational Drug Use behavior, both health professionals and the society should be provided with extensive training opportunities and drug policies should be developed.

Level of Education and Female Employment – A Kerala Experience

Level of Education and Female Employment – A Kerala Experience

Exploring Coping Mechanisms: A Study on Stress Management Techniques for Working Women

This study explores coping mechanisms and stress management techniques utilized by working women, focusing on their effectiveness in mitigating work-related stress. The research aims to identify common stressors and evaluate coping strategies, such as time management, physical exercise, social support, mindfulness, and professional counseling. By employing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data. The findings indicate that effective stress management techniques significantly improve mental health and job performance. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of organizational support in fostering a healthy work environment. The results contribute to the understanding of gender- specific stress management and offer practical insights for organizations to support their female employees better. Keywords: Stress Management, Coping Mechanisms, Working Women, Mental Health, Organizational Support, Mixed-Methods.

The Role of Communication in Work-Life Balance: A Study of Female Employees at a Religious Institution

The Role of Communication in Work-Life Balance: A Study of Female Employees at a Religious Institution

The prohibition of discrimination and the workers’ right to maternity or paternity leave in light of the drafting history of Article 40 of the Constitution of Uganda and sections 56 and 57 of the Employment Act

Workers’ rights are provided for under Article 40 of the Constitution (1995) and in other pieces of legislation. Sections 56 and 57 of the Employment Act (2006) (the Act) provide for the rights to maternity leave and paternity leave respectively. Section 56(1) of the Act provides that ‘[a] female employee shall, as a consequence of pregnancy have the right’ to maternity leave as a result of ‘child birth or miscarriage.’ On the other hand, section 57(1) of the Act provides ‘[a] male employee shall, immediately after the delivery or miscarriage of a wife, have the right to’ paternity leave. It is evident that under section 56, for a female employee to qualify for maternity leave, she doesn’t have to be married. However, for a male employee to qualify for paternity leave, he has to be married. The reason for this is explained in the drafting history of section 57. It is argued that this amounts to discrimination on the ground of marital status. It is also argued that section 56(1) is only applicable to biological mothers and excludes adoptive mothers, commissioning parents (in cases of surrogacy) and those who have committed abortion. This is also discriminatory but could be justified in the case of commissioning parents, adoptive parents and those who have committed abortion.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Railway Employees: A Survey Study

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) related with repetitive and demanding working conditions continue to represent one of the biggest problems in industrialized countries. The railway employees have high possibility of showing musculoskeletal pain due to repetitive motions, lifting heavy loads, awkward posture which leads to bending and twisting injuries and static posture for long duration during. Aim and Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders in railway employees. Methodology: The study was conducted among 100 railway employees. The data was collected using self-administered Questionnaire, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale. Both male and female employees having at least 1 year of experience were includes. Result and Conclusion: the 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among railway employees was 79%. Low back pain (26.6%) was found to be most prevalent followed by neck pain (22.8%) and knee pain (20.3%). The Gangmans/trackmans and Sahayaks were identified to have maximum impact which led to WMSDs. The occurrence of MSD was associated with factors such as age, nature of work, working hours, lifting, and lowering heavy loads, working at pace set by machine and prolonged standing. Thus, education about ergonomics and body posture awareness would be instrumented in prevention of MSDs, thus are recommended. Keywords: Prevalence, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Risk Factors, Railway Employees.

Constitutional safeguard research of female equal employment right in China- Based on the perspective of empirical investigation

Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood. As a basic human right, the right to equal employment has always been a top priority for constitutional protection. Female workers are an important part of the economy and society, and their equal employment is an important catalyst for economic development. Women's right to equal employment is an important element in realizing women's personal and social values, as well as an important element of the State's efforts to build a harmonious society. Compared with the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the protection of women's equal rights in employment has made great progress. However, the influence of history, culture and traditional concepts still lingers, and the burden of women's maternity has aggravated the invisible discrimination in employment, while the newly released "three-child" policy has also had a certain impact on equal employment. The phenomenon of women being discriminated against in employment is still not uncommon. Therefore, this paper explores the problems, countermeasures and future development direction of the protection of women's right to equal employment in China from the system of protection of women's right to employment in China's Constitution and other laws and judicial practice. On the one hand, China should improve the existing laws and regulations, improve judicial procedures, define the criteria for determining discrimination in employment, and formulate a special anti-discrimination law; on the other hand, we should strengthen the law enforcement mechanism, and set up a specialized labor inspection and enforcement agency to protect equal employment and a more pro-employment “Equal Employment Commission”.

Gender Equality in Vietnam Labour Law: A Critique Toward Sustainable Development

Labor law is traditionally viewed as a crucial mechanism for advancing gender equality in the workplace by providing a framework to eliminate sex-based discrimination and enhance women’s participation in the workforce. As nations strive to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the significance of such laws is amplified, with gender equality not only a key indicator but also an enabler for other SDGs. This study demonstrates that, despite recent reforms in Vietnam's labour law reducing barriers to female employment, pervasive gender inequality persists, fuelled by enduring employment stereotypes that often depict women as victims. To develop a sustainable workforce, Vietnam's labor laws and policies should implement strategies to dismantle these stereotypes. This research suggests transitioning from the traditional approach of female protection to involving men in domestic roles. A strategy targeting men is expected to promote gender equality in the Vietnamese workforce by altering employer perceptions of female employees' maternal roles. From the perspective of masculinity theory, the potential of paternity bonuses is significant; they can enhance women’s career opportunities by alleviating domestic burdens and broadening acceptable roles for men.

Agricultural Technological Change, Female Earnings and Fertility: Evidence from Brazil

Abstract I study how agricultural technological change affects labour market opportunities and fertility in a developing country context. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in the adoption of genetically engineered soy across municipalities in Brazil, I show that this labour-saving technology reduced female agricultural earnings and employment without inducing any female sectoral reallocation. Furthermore, this technology adoption increased fertility due to increases in overall household earnings and substitution effects driven by the reduction in female labour demand. These results suggest that technological progress in developing countries may not improve female economic opportunities or lower fertility unless substitution effects are negative and sufficiently large.

Impact Of Female Labor Participation In The Mexican Financial Sector For Sustainable Development: Focus On New Technologies (2020-2030)

Impact Of Female Labor Participation In The Mexican Financial Sector For Sustainable Development: Focus On New Technologies (2020-2030)

Socio-medical assessment: an inventory of the Medical Service of the Federal Employment Agency

The Medical Service of the Federal Employment Agency is responsible for socio-medical assessments of clients whose ability to work in the labor market is in question. Data about the Medical Service, its structure, and its performance were previously only available within the Federal Employment Agency. In October 2023, data from the Medical Service containing information on the employee structure, clients, and orders were extracted from three data systems, processed, and analyzed. The number of full-time equivalents (FTEs) in the Medical Service decreased significantly from 2016 (n = 859.1 FTEs) to 2021 (n = 799.0 FTEs). This holds true for the professional groups of physicians, specialist assistants, medical assistants, and externally contracted physicians. The number of female employee FTEs rose significantly during this period from 85.6% (2016) to 87.0% (2021). The part-time ratio also increased significantly from 41.4% (2016) to 50.6% (2021). The number of assignments to the Medical Service was stable in 2017-2019 at around 630,000 but showed areduction in 2020 (n = 518,538) and 2021 (n = 545,289); in particular, the number of assessments with client contact decreased significantly from 2019 (n = 166,980) to 2020 (n = 52,484). Most of the assignments came from the field of job placement (n = 349,346). The size of the Medical Service was in line with the total number of orders, which can certainly be seen as COVID-19-related in 2020 and 2021 and is likely due to the overall shortage of skilled personnel. The proportion of women and part-time employees increased significantly, with anationwide part-time trend emerging not only among women. In order to enable all clients who may be unable to perform in the labor market to receive aquick assessment, it is necessary that the number of employees in the Medical Service does not decrease in the future.

Association among Household Wealth, Maternal Employment, and Undernutrition in Children under Three Years of Age in Pakistan.

There is an abundance of studies explaining the separate impact of female employment and household wealth status in reducing malnutrition. However, our study has unraveled the combined impact of maternal employment and household wealth on undernutrition among children under three in Pakistan. Using a sample of 1093 children under three years of age from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018, a binary logistic model was employed to gauge factors influencing the children's undernutrition. Our results indicated that children up to a certain age (three years old) with residence in certain regions (Pakistan) and recent episodes of diarrhea had an increased risk of undernutrition. Conversely, secondary and higher maternal education, access to improved water sources, and sanitation facilities lowered the chances of undernutrition in children under three in Pakistan. The interaction between maternal employment and household wealth showed that maternal employment significantly lowered the risk of stunting, being underweight, and wasting among the average, rich, and richest households; however, it did not contribute to child nutrition among the poorer and poor households. Notably, regardless of whether the mother was employed, the wealth status of being rich and richest reduced the risk of stunting, being underweight, and wasting. In overcoming undernutrition, maternal employment significantly contributed to middle-income households. However, in the richer and richest households, the wealth status played a more crucial role compared to the maternal employment. This indicates that while employment plays a supportive role in household resources, the wealth status is overall more influential in reducing undernutrition.

Investigation of social isolation and depression in female employees with urinary incontinence during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Urinary incontinence (UI) affects almost one-third of adult women. This is often taken as a section of the aging process and incurable In general, women perceive UI as more of a social issue and a taboo rather than a medical problem; they are reluctant to discuss the matter or seek assistance. This research was conducted to investigate the level of social isolation and depression in female employees with UI during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The study was done with 533 paticipant. The study data were done using the Nottingham Health Profile Social Isolation Scale (NHPSIS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The total scores of the NHPSIS and BDI were found to be 18.55±3.3 (minimum = 5, maximum = 25) and 49.22±11.4 (minimum = 12, maximum = 60), respectively. In the Pearson correlation analysis, a strong, statistically significant, and positive correlation was discovered between NHPSIS and the average BDI total scores among women. The level of depression and social isolation were obtained to be high among UI women who had a mix UI, high frequencies of UI, belong to higher age groups, singles, and high body mass index. It was showed that the levels of depression and social isolation scores were showed to be high in women had UI.

Experience of living with psoriasis in Brazil: a Global Psoriasis Atlas online survey.

Psoriasis significantly burdens patients' lives, but there is limited data on this in Brazil. Between May 2022 and January 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 563 Brazilian residents aged ≥18 years who had been diagnosed with psoriasis. Spearman's correlation (r) was used to test the correlation between self-assessed disease severity (Simplified Psoriasis Index [saSPI] extent score; range 0 [clear/minor] to 40 [widespread/severe]) and health-related quality of life (QoL, score of 1 means perfect health) and capability (ICECAP-A: score of 1 means full capability) measures. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify predictors of QoL and capability. A thematic analysis examined the free-text responses and identified common themes. The mean age of participants was 42.1 ± 12.4 years, and over half had at least one other long-term condition. The mean QoL score was 0.59 ± 0.25, and the mean capability score was 0.71 ± 0.21. At the time of survey completion, over 80% of respondents reported some level of pain and/or discomfort, and 86% reported feeling anxious and/or depressed. The mean self-assessed saSPI was 7.8 ± 8.6, which negatively correlated with health-related QoL (r = -0.49, P < 0.05) and capability (r = -0.44, P < 0.05). Significant predictors of poorer QoL and reduced capability included high saSPI, number of psoriasis flares and comorbidities, female gender, Black ethnicity, and employment status (unemployed, long-term sick). Frequently reported areas that impacted patients were social stigma/prejudice, powerlessness, lack of education and public awareness, and difficulty obtaining appropriate care/treatment. We found that the clinical manifestations, severity, and associated comorbidities of psoriasis negatively impacted health-related QoL and capability, along with feelings of stigmatization and barriers to specialist treatment. This highlights the need for better access to care and awareness of the disease to improve the lives of people living with psoriasis in Brazil.

Overcoming emotional exhaustion from work-family and family-work conflicts among female hospitality workers in Ghana: a multi moderation model analysis

This research investigates the moderating influence of marital status, family management, and employee resilience on the link between work-family/family-work conflicts and the emotional exhaustion of female hospitality workers. Four hundred and thirteen (413) pencil-and-paper self-reported and interviewer administered questionnaires were found useful for data analysis. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and partial least squares structure equation modeling. The results indicate a positive influence of work-family/family-work conflict on the emotional exhaustion of female workers. Resilience, family management, and married status mitigated the emotional exhaustion of female hospitality employees from work-family/family-work conflict. The theoretical and empirical contributions of the study were highlighted, and directions for future research were also indicated.

Relationship Between Low Visual Acuity and Nonfatal Occupational Same-Level Falls in Japanese Female Employees: A Cohort Study.

The incidence of work-related falls on the same level is increasing, particularly among middle-aged and older female workers. Vision is an important risk factor of falls. We investigated whether objectively measured visual acuity was associated with the incidence of falls. This cohort study included 7317 female employees aged 20-69 in Japanese supermarket stores. Monocular acuity measured during health checkups was classified into three levels (≥0.7, 0.3-0.7, <0.3). Incidence rate ratios of work-related falls within 1 year were estimated. Incidence rate ratios were 1.26 (95%CI: 0.92-1.72) in the 0.3-0.7 group and 2.27 (95%CI: 1.15-4.48) in the <0.3 group. Risk of work-related fall was higher in those with low visual acuity. Vision correction may contribute to fall prevention in workplaces.