Female Elementary School Teachers Research Articles

한 초등학교 노년기 여교사의 교직 경험에 대한 생애사 연구

This article sought to explore the educational value and meaning inherent in the teaching experience of an elderly elementary school female teacher through life history research. The research results are summarized as follows. Firstly, an elderly elementary school female teacher overcame her teaching fears with her challenging attitude and overcame her professional crisis with her humble heart. In addition, she overcame her job anxiety with a passionate attitude and escaped social prejudice with a confident attitude. This meant confidently moving forward on her teaching path without giving in to external conditions. Secondly, the participant wanted to become a sensitive and experienced education expert, and a senior in life who was comfortable and trustworthy for parents. Additionally, the participant wanted to be a warm and diligent supporter to her fellow teachers, and tried to be a wise and sagacious educational leader within the school. This teaching experience meant becoming a fully-fledged professional teacher in elementary schools through the experience and expertise accumulated over a long period of time. The results of this paper will provide lessons and insights to deeply understand and improve the professional lives of female elementary school teachers.

Avoidant Pedagogy: Swiss and Israeli Teachers’ Handling of Religiously Offensive Remarks in Class

The study examines teachers' positions when presented with a vignette regarding religiously offensive remarks. In-depth interviews were conducted with six Swiss and six Israeli female elementary school teachers. The findings demonstrated that teachers in both countries fluctuated between inclination to say that all opinions were acceptable, on the one hand, and drawing a line in the sand against religious intolerance, on the other. Only three teachers said that they would be clear that the remark in the vignette is prohibited. Teachers' dilemmas in the two countries were similar as were the strategies they chose. Teachers tended to flatten and oversimplify the discourse, considered students' subjective experience as indisputable, and avoided tackling prejudiced comments directly. Many teachers missed an opportunity to expose the power relations in society and to help develop students' critical thinking skills. Teachers' disbelief of students' remarks implies that many do not understand the way racism works or their role in preventing religious intolerance from an early age.

Reflection on the psychological suffering of elementary school teachers: the perspective of psychodynamics of work

Female elementary school teachers are suffering from psychic distress, as they experience various mental health problems due to the attributes of the profession and the accumulation of domestic activities. Objective: to reflect on the contributions of the Psychodynamics of Work to the psychological suffering of elementary school teachers. Methodology: theoretical reflection focusing on the convergences and specificities of Dejours' and Molinier's Psychodynamics of Work, and their contributions to the psychological suffering of female teachers. Results: Because they experience different experiences from men in the workplace, such as: an overload of activities, weaknesses in job and salary plans, school failure and demands with a high affective load, female teachers can suffer negative impacts on their mental health, leading to psychological distress. Conclusion: It is necessary to reflect on the condition of psychological distress among female teachers, taking into account the specificities of daily teaching, the socio-historical context and the adversities of women's work, motivating initiatives to create collective discussion spaces, support networks and public policies to minimize suffering and prevent future illnesses.

IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

The main aim of this study was to know the impact of demographic factors on Total Quality Management in Murshidabad District. Researcher Selected 410 Government and Private Elementary School Teachers as a sample and used Stratified Simple Random Sampling technique for conducting this study. Four research hypotheses directed, guided the study. Teachers Attitude towards Total Quality Management Scale was used, developed by researcher himself. Differential Analysis test: ‘T’ test, ANOVA techniques were used by the researcher to analysis the data. The investigator found that female elementary school teachers exhibit more positive attitude towards Total Quality Management than their male counterpart (‘t’ value 2.74, p <0.05). The researcher observed that Urban elementary school teachers had a more positive attitude towards TQM than rural elementary school teachers (‘t’ value 6.52, p <0.05). Private elementary school teachers had a more positive attitude TQM than Government elementary school teachers (‘t’ value 6.87, p <0.05). KEYWORDS: Total Quality Management, Demographic Factors, Elementary School Teachers

Achievement Motivation of Female Elementary School Teachers as the Backbone of the Family, as a Writer, as a Finalist for Outstanding Teacher in Mathematics at the Provincial Level, as a Private Tutor and Math Olympiad Teacher

The family is based on marital ties consisting of a husband, wife and unmarried children. With the turning of time, the family economy is getting bigger in daily needs, causing a mother to have to participate in earning a living to meet her needs in a family. The reason behind a housewife becoming the backbone of the family, there are two factors, namely internal and external factors. The research method used is qualitative research method. According to Creswell (2008), qualitative research methods define it as an approach or search to explore and understand a central symptom. The results of qualitative research are strongly influenced by the views, thoughts, and knowledge of the researcher because the data is interpreted by the researcher. This method does not use detailed questions, questions start with the general then go into detail. The description of achievement motivation in the subject is seen where the subject wants to show and prove to the old school where the subject teaches that the subject is able to develop. There are many factors that make the subject obtain achievement motivation in herself, namely: The subject has an environment with a high intellectual group, the subject is motivated by other writers in living life as a writerSubject is a teacher and also a housewife. The subject started teaching in 1997 and first taught in high school and then vocational school and stopped teaching due to marriage and then when he had children. The subject's initial motivation for teaching was only to prove that the subject could teach then when he stopped teaching and then returned to teaching his motivation was to replace the role of his husband who was not working at that time.

Attitude of Elementary School Teachers towards Action Research

In education, action research is mostly used to identify specific issues in the classroom and offer practical solutions. Action research is linked to several activities in the area of education that address weaknesses and challenges. Teachers use action research to promote evidence-based practices, individualize professional development, and cultivate critical thinking. The current study was designed to find out how elementary school teachers perceived towards action research in this particular context. The study's methodology was a descriptive survey design. Using a simple random technique, a total of 120 elementary school teachers were selected to constitute the study's sample. Data were collected by using an ATR scale which the researcher had developed. The t-test, standard deviation (SD), and mean of the data used for analysis and interpretation. The hypothesis of the research was that, in terms of various characteristics, there would be no significant variance among elementary school teachers' attitudes towards action research. The findings revealed that the attitudes of male and female elementary school teachers toward action research differed significantly. Furthermore, it was discovered that there was no statistically significant difference in elementary school teachers' attitudes towards action research based on their academic stream or their professional education.

초등 여교사의 생활 속 걷기 경험과 의미

The purpose of this study was to explore the experience and meaning of walking in the daily lives of female elementary school teachers through self-study. In the study, my walking diarywas used as data, and it was analyzed by an inductive category analysis method. Walking in daily life strengthens positive emotions, solves various problems, serves as a communication channel with the students, and provides power for educational growth through the reflection on one’s own classes and life. In this study, a female elementary school teacher extracted theeducational meaning from her experience of walking in her personal life and the life of a teacher. Walking in daily life was helpful for the teacher’s reflecting on teaching and life, maintainingpositive relationships with the students, and resolving various conflict issues that appear during the teaching process.

Explaining the Communication Pattern of Attention to Health and Humor in the Work Environment with the Mediating Role of Sports Activities in Elementary School Teachers

This research aims to elucidate the relationship between health awareness and humor in the work environment, focusing on the mediating role of sports activities among elementary school teachers. A correlational survey method was employed. The study population comprised all male and female elementary school teachers in Sahne City, totaling 289 individuals (126 men and 163 women). A sample of 182 participants was selected using the Krejcie and Morgan table. Research instruments included healthcare questionnaires (Sijtsama and Beck, 2009), humor measurement in the work environment (Maja et al., 2009), and self-reports on sports activities. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 and SmartPLS 3 software, utilizing descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and structural equation modeling via the partial least squares method. Results indicated that teachers' attention to health and sense of humor are favorable. Teachers' sports activities ranged from low to moderate levels. Increased health awareness among elementary teachers correlated with higher levels of humor. However, sports activities did not significantly affect teachers' humor levels or mediate the relationship between health awareness and humor.The findings suggest that the mediating variable (sports activities) did not reach the desired level to impact teachers' humor significantly. Similarly, health awareness did not considerably influence humor through sports activity mediation. It is recommended that specialized classes for physical and mental sports activities (e.g., yoga, meditation) be planned and implemented for teachers.

Effectiveness and Feasibility of Telepractice on Voice Therapy for Female Teachers in Elementary Schools with Self-Reported Voice Disorders.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of telepractice in voice intervention for female teachers in elementary schools with self-reported voice disorders. Thirty-five female elementary school teachers with self-reported voice disorders volunteered to participate in the study. They were divided into a telepractice voice intervention group (experimental group N=18) and a face-to-face voice intervention group (control group N=17) based on their employment setting. The exact same treatment protocol was applied to both groups of subjects, except that the intervention group was seen through telepractice, and the control group was seen face-to-face. The treatment protocol includes vocal hygiene education and resonant voice therapy twice a week for a total of eight sessions. Auditory perceptual analysis, acoustic assessment, aerodynamic assessment and self-assessment protocol were conducted before the intervention and one week after the last intervention, and the differences before and after interventions within each group and between groups were compared. There was no significant difference in baseline data including age, working years, and voice symptoms between the two groups. Both groups showed significant improvement (P<0.05) in all voice assessment before and after the treatment sessions, except for the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) assessment. No statistical difference was found in other pre- and post-intervention voice assessment changes between the two study groups. The control group presented higher improvement in the total score, and the two subdomain assessments of physiology and emotion. Telepractice voice intervention can effectively improve the voice quality of female teachers in elementary schools, and telepractice therapy can be an effective alternative to face-to-face voice intervention.

초등 여교사가 지각하는 체육수업열정이 주관적 체육수업만족도에 미치는 영향: 교사-학생 관계 효능감의 상호작용효과

This study emphasizes female teachers’ enthusiasm for physical education (PE) class and efficacy for teacher-student relations as variables that affect elementary female teachers’ subjective satisfaction with PE class. Furthermore, it statistically verifies the interaction effect of efficacy for teacher-student relations in the relationship between enthusiasm and satisfaction with PE class. Thus, a survey was conducted targeting 122 female teachers who teach PE at elementary schools to measure teacher enthusiasm, teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations, and subjective PE class satisfaction. Based on the collected data, descriptive statistical, correlation, hierarchical regression, and interaction effect analyses were conducted. Thus, teachers’ enthusiasm for PE class and teacher efficacy for teacher–student relations perceived by female elementary school teachers demonstrated a significant positive correlation with subjective PE class satisfaction. In addition, the positive influence of teacher enthusiasm and teacher-student relationship efficacy on PE class satisfaction was verified. Moreover, the teacher efficacy for teacher-student relations positively moderates the relationship between enthusiasm for PE class and subjective PE class satisfaction.

Patterns of Computational Thinking Skills for Elementary Prospectives Teacher in Science Learning: Gender Analysis Studies

The PISA data results show that computational thinking abilities are still lacking. Computational thinking ability is influenced by gender. This research aims to analyze patterns of computational thinking skills of prospective elementary school teachers based on gender at 8 universities in Indonesia. In this research, the components of computational thinking skills analyzed are abstraction, algorithmic, decomposition, and pattern recognition. This research is a mix method research with research subjects as many as 234 prospective elementary school teachers at 8 higher educational institutions. The instruments used were test and interviews. The data analysis technique used is a quantitative data analysis technique using SEM PLS and for qualitative data analysis using miles and Huberman. The research results show that computational thinking skills are still low on the decomposition and pattern recognition components. Based on the SEM PLS test results, it shows that computational thinking abilities are related to gender. In general, the computational thinking ability of female students is slightly higher in all sub-indicators than men and there are differences in the pattern of computational thinking ability between male and female elementary school teacher prospective. The ability of prospective female elementary school teachers to answer in more detail and more structured, while the answers of male prospective teachers are shorter and less comprehensive. Recommendations for developing computational thinking skills by developing problem-based learning, contextual project-based learning and STEAM based learning.

Who Supported the Career Development of Highly Educated Japanese Women between the 1970s and 1980s?

Abstract In this study, the author considers the problems of married women continuing to work after giving birth in the historical case of Japan, a society with significant gender inequality. The author focuses on female elementary school teachers who managed to continue working after getting married and giving birth at a time when married women in Japan were increasingly becoming housewives. The author investigated the trajectories of female teachers who had no relatives in their neighborhoods. The results emphasize the importance of understanding workers in the reproductive and informal sectors who identify as housewives when considering the career formation of women in countries with a significant gender divide.

Assessment of Elementary School Teachers’ Knowledge of and Attitude toward the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Makkah

Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) to primary and permanent teeth are not uncommon in children. Almost half of TDI in children occur at schools and the prognosis is time dependent. Hence, the teacher’s knowledge towards management of TDI is important. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of female elementary school teachers in Makkah, regarding the management of TDI. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, designed using Google forms to collect information from 350 female elementary school teachers from randomly selected schools in Makkah. The questionnaire collected data on participants’ demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitude towards management of TDI. Results: 265 teachers participated in this study. 66.8% of the participants had positive attitude towards moral responsibility regarding the management of TDI. 63.4% of the participants lacked the proper knowledge regarding the management of TDI and 74.6% did not know the best storage media for an avulsed tooth. 60.7% of the participants were not satisfied with their knowledge, yet 94% had a positive attitude towards improving their knowledge. Conclusions: Female elementary school teachers in Makkah, showed insufficient knowledge but a positive attitude and willingness towards improving their level of knowledge regarding management of TDI. Hence, strategies to improve teachers’ knowledge about TDI must be planned and implemented.

Introduction of Voice Type Component (VTC) as an Effective Acoustic Voice Analysis Method in Tele-evaluation

Telepractice in voice healthcare and evaluation services has attracted much attention in recent years. Multiple studies have proven the effectiveness of voice therapy with telepractice. However, voice evaluations are still mostly conducted in person due to the lack of sensitive acoustic analysis methods. This study examined various acoustic analysis methods for voice evaluation in telepractice. Eighteen female elementary school teachers with self-reported voice disorders volunteered to participate in the study. Speech samples were collected before and after the interventions using two voice sampling methods concurrently. One set of data was collected using the traditional voice sample collection method by the therapist in person. The second set of data was collected on the same speech samples using the clients' own smartphones, and the collected voice samples were later sent to the researcher for further acoustic analysis. The voice type component (VTC) measurement represented the proportion of different VTCs in a voice by measuring the chaos and intrinsic dimension. Voice analyses were conducted on both sets of data, and the correlation between the two sampling procedures was analyzed. It appears that the VTC could be a more reliable method for producing acoustic analysis results with voice samples collected from smartphones compared to other objective voice assessment procedures. This reliability has been demonstrated via statistical analysis, including correlation coefficient, pairwise t test, d-prime,and area under the curve. The results of this study highlighted the VTC as an effective and accurate acoustic analysis method in tele-evaluation. This feasible voice sampling method, which utilizes participants' own smartphones, will reduce barriers to accessing limited voice specialists due to distance and will decrease the cost of care by minimizing expenses associated with travel and additional equipment for voice sampling. Ultimately, this approach will enhance the effectiveness of voice care delivered through telepractice to patients in remote and underserved areas.

ENGLISH-ROLE OF ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP: EFFECT OF HEAD TEACHER TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL

Transactional leadership style is the general way through which a leader behaves toward his subordinates to attain objectives. It plays a very important role in the success of an organization. The main objective of this attempt was to examine the effects of the head teachers’ transactional leadership style on teachers’ performance at the elementary level schools. The study was quantitative and descriptive. The target population of this study was comprised of all male and female elementary school teachers in the province of Punjab, while the accessible population of the study was comprised of all male and female elementary school teachers in Sahiwal Division. A sample of 343 teachers was selected through the convenience sampling technique (192 males and 151 females). The cross-sectional survey was used to collect data through the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) and the teachers’ performance evaluation scale (TPES) from elementary school teachers. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed through SPSS software for both descriptive and inferential statistical approaches. The researcher applied t-test and ANOVA for comparison, Pearson for relationship, and regression for measuring the effects of head teacher transactional leadership style on teachers’ performance at the elementary level. The main findings of the study revealed that there was a significant effect of the head teacher’s transactional leadership style on teachers’ performance at the elementary school. Moreover, contingent reward and management by exception (active) were positively correlated with all teachers’ performance subscales, and management by exception (passive) was negatively correlated with all teachers’ performance subscales.

코로나 팬데믹에 처한 학생들의 학교적응 목적의 무용동작 치료에 대한 교사 인식의 현상학적 연구

The purpose of this paper is to in-depth understanding and exploration of teachers' perceptions of movement therapy implemented for the purpose of school adaptation of students in the Corona pandemic. The study participants were male and female elementary school teachers in their 20s and 50s. Interviews and analysis were conducted according to Giorgi's phenomenological and qualitative research method to find out the essential meaning of the teachers' experiences of the movement therapy program for students' school adaptation in the Corona pandemic situation. As a result of the analysis, it was categorized into 17 semantic units, 7 subjects, and 3 essential characteristics. The essential characteristics were 'factors hindering school adaptation after the corona pandemic', 'dance movement therapy as a school adaptation problem and solution', and 'improvement of students' ability to adapt to school through dance and movement therapy'. Based on these research results, a discussion was conducted to understand the experiences of teachers who implemented a dance and movement therapy program for students to adapt to school in the context of the Corona pandemic.

Barriers to Female Literacy in Tribal Areas of Pakistan: Qualitative Cum Quantitative Analysis

The main objective of the study was to find out the causes of low literacy rate in the tribal areas of Dera Ghazi Khan. The study was delimited to the three Union Councils of Tribal areas. All the female elementary school teachers and the mothers of the children studying in the girls elementary schools situated in these three Union Councils served as the target population of the study. One questionnaire and a structured interview were used as research tools in this study. A scale regarding the causes of low literacy (SCLL) was administered to the teachers and the interview was taken from the mothers of the elementary school children about the causes of low literacy in tribal areas. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that ignorance, poverty, conservative thinking of the people, feudal mind set of the chief of the tribes and the perception of the tribal people that “girls are only for house service”, were the main causes of low literacy. Monetary support and literacy awareness campaign were recommended for the people of tribal areas.

Providing a model for evaluating the quality of the elementary school curriculum in Tehran

Background and Aim: The purpose of this article was to provide a conceptual model for evaluating the quality of the Tehran Elementary School curriculum. Method: The research method was in terms of practical purpose and one of the consecutive (quantitative qualitative) research research, which was performed in a qualitative section based on the Grandad model and in the quantitative part, descriptive. In the qualitative section of the research field, a number of education experts and evaluation specialists and in the quantitative section, all male and female elementary school teachers in Tehran, 23593 in the academic year 1401. And in the small section, 377 people were selected by random and cluster according to the Kerjcie and Morgan table. The research tool of the researcher -made questionnaire consisted of 108 items, which were used in a short dimension of appearance, content and structural validity. The CVR was also approved and approved by experts in a qualitative dimension, and Cronbach's alpha with a coefficient of 0.855 was calculated and reliability was confirmed and the collected data were analyzed. Results: The results of the analysis of the questions showed that the conceptual model of evaluation of the quality of the Tehran Elementary Curriculum Program Curriculum includes: Casual Conditions: (Strategic Thinking, Generalization of Objectives) Central Conditions Including: (Evaluation of Motivational, Practical and Educational Activities) Background Conditions Includes: (cultural and sports facilities, educational facilities, welfare facilities) Interventionist conditions include: (lack of resources and inappropriate distribution, poor foresight, individual and organizational communication, lack of work discipline) Strategies include: (flexibility, curriculum sequence, curriculum sequence The usefulness of the curriculum) and the consequences include (improving the look of the curriculum, improving the content of the curriculum, drawing vision, the development of national identity). Conclusion: The elementary school curriculum evaluation model had a good structure.

Not all elementary school teachers are scared of math

Teachers are strong role models for their pupils, especially at the beginning of education. This also holds true for math: If teachers feel anxious about math, the consequences on the mathematical education of their pupils is detrimental. Previous studies have shown that (future) elementary school teachers have higher levels of math anxiety than most people studying other subjects. Here, we set out to conceptually replicate these findings (e.g., meta-analysis by Hembree, 1990, https://doi.org/10.2307/749455) by comparing math anxiety levels of pre-service and in-service German and Belgian elementary school teachers to a reference group of German university students from various fields of study. Moreover, we questioned this finding by asking which elementary school teachers experience math anxiety, considering gender, specialization, and experience, and investigated how math anxiety relates to teaching attitudes towards math. We replicated the previous finding by showing that female elementary school teachers have a higher level of math anxiety as compared to other female students. Importantly, female elementary school teachers without math specialization indeed had higher levels of math anxiety than female students from other fields and almost a quarter of them experience critical math anxiety. In contrast, female elementary school teachers with math specialization did not show an increased level of math anxiety as compared to the reference sample. Considering that not only these but all teachers, regardless of specialization, teach math in elementary school in the investigated educational systems, the math anxiety of elementary school teachers is a potential problem for their pupils’ math attitudes and learning.

Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in Female Elementary School Teachers of Karachi, Pakistan

Background: Female teachers like other professionals, also face stress and exhaustion due to their jobs, which may lead to burnout. Objective: To investigate the various degrees of burnout and its association with demographic factors on female teachers of private and public sector elementary schools, Karachi Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 800 female teachers in Karachi Pakistan, from January to May 2017. MBI-HSS was used as an instrument for this extensive study, data was stored and analyzed on IBM-SPSS version 22.0. Pearson chi-square was done to see the association of demographics with burnout, one-way ANOVA to compare scores of MBI with marital status and zone, Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons between the groups, and Cronbach's alpha to evaluate the measure of internal consistency. Results: The results revealed that among the female elementary school teachers, a total of 96.9% reported burnout (13% mild, 58% moderate, 19.6% severe, 6.3% extreme) and 3.1% had no burnout. Burnout varies with marital status (highest in married participants) and zone (highest in east zone) (p values&lt;0.05) only. One-way ANOVA demonstrate that the separated women had higher mean scores on MBI scales compared to married &amp; unmarried women (p-value =0.48), furthermore, East zone respondents have higher MBI scores as compared to all other regions. Tukey’s test showed that East zone gave significant mean differences for south and west zone (P-value &lt;0.05). Cronbach’s alpha was found to be (0.384) for the overall scale confirming the reliability of subscales and MBI. Conclusion: Our results show a high prevalence of burnout and the positive association of Burnout with marital status and zones.