Female Criminality Research Articles

Étude des vécus de violences à l’encontre des femmes criminelles

BackgroundWomen constitute around 17% of criminal offenders. However, few studies have addressed criminality in females. The current study aims to determine the prevalence of violence inflicted upon a sample of 91 female criminals during their adult life and compare it to the general female population, in order to provide a better understanding of female crime. MaterialData was collected, between 2014 and 2019, from the criminal expertise files of an expert at the Rennes Court of Appeal for women aged over 15. History of violence experienced as defined by the WHO criteria, where included. ResultsNinety-one criminal expertise files were included. The prevalence of violence experienced during adulthood was 57.1%, a prevalence significantly higher than that of the general European and international female population. Furthermore, these women reported experiences of violence independently of their age in 76.1% of cases. ConclusionOur study highlights an important prevalence of experiences of violence in the life course of criminal women. This victimization appears to be closely related to criminality in women and seems to be a key point in understanding female criminality. In addition, psychiatric disorders are frequent in this population and are over-represented by substance use and personality disorders. The latter two disorders appear to be conditioned by a history of experienced violence, seem associated with crime and to increase the risk of committing a violent act. Therefore, experiences of violence seem to be a predisposing factor to the development of medico-legal issues.

Selected Rights of Female Criminals in the Light of Polish and International Legal Regulations in the Context of Crime Theory

<p>W artykule postawiono tezę o szczególnie niekorzystnej sytuacji kobiet przestępczyń na rynku pracy. Potraktowano to jako negatywną przesłankę efektywnej resocjalizacji. Dowód na słuszność tezy przeprowadzono poprzez wybiórczą prezentację koncepcji wyjaśniających specyfikę przestępczości kobiet, a także trudności w ich resocjalizacji, co wiąże się z nierównym traktowaniem na rynku pracy. Od czasu przystąpienia Polski do Unii Europejskiej sytuacja kobiet związana z równym traktowaniem i dyskryminacją w miejscu pracy znacznie się poprawiła, wciąż jednak pozostaje wiele do zrobienia. Jeśli chodzi o przepisy prawne, kobietom zapewnia się solidną ochronę, lecz nadal istnieje wiele obszarów zaniedbanych. Występuje zwłaszcza duża nierównowaga pomiędzy prawami matek i ojców do urlopu rodzicielskiego, co utrwala stereotyp kobiet jako matek pozostających w domu oraz stawia je w niekorzystnej sytuacji w zakresie dostępu do pracy i rozwiązania stosunku pracy, awansu itp. Pracodawcy postrzegają kobiety jako bardziej kosztorodne i mniej produktywne w pracy niż mężczyźni, co negatywnie wpływa na możliwości zatrudniania kobiet. W artykule podjęto próbę wykazania, że sama zmiana prawa nie jest wystarczająca, gdyż nie zapewnia pełnej i skutecznej ochrony przed dyskryminacją ze względu na płeć w miejscu pracy (co szczególnie widoczne jest w przypadku kobiet przestępczyń). Zmiana postrzegania kobiet przez społeczeństwo ma kluczowe znaczenie, jeśli ich prawa mają być w pełni realizowane. Co więcej, kobiety same muszą znać zakres swoich praw i być gotowe do korzystania z nich bez obawy o bycie dyskryminowanymi w miejscu pracy ze względu na płeć i kryminalną przeszłość.</p>

Exploring Psychopathy’s Relationship with Youth Gang Membership in Males and Females

Recent investigations show that adolescent female criminality and gang membership is increasing nationwide. Although empirical investigation into the relationship between psychopathy and gang membership is burgeoning, all of the studies are male focused. The present study investigates juvenile psychopathy’s relationship with youth gang membership across males and females in order to better comprehend the etiology of gang membership across sex using the baseline sample of the Pathways to Desistance Study. The findings suggest that juvenile psychopathy predicts gang membership equally for both boys and girls. The study highlights the importance of investigating juvenile psychopathy in youth gang membership across sex and the implementation of intensive multilevel treatment programs tailored to the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral needs of gang members.

The Inside and Outside of the Juvenile Delinquency and Female Criminality: Perspective from Dhaka City

The Inside and Outside of the Juvenile Delinquency and Female Criminality: Perspective from Dhaka City

Криминалистическая типология женщин, совершающих преступления, как основа формирования методики расследования женской преступности

The article analyzes the state and level of female crime in Russia. The psychological characteristics of women who commit crimes are considered. The contribution of criminologists to the process of studying the personal characteristics of female criminals and the concept of the nature of their illegal behavior is analyzed. The main approaches to the typology of women committing criminal acts are presented. The author’s classification of female criminals is given, based on their behavioral characteristics and is the basis for the development of the process of investigating women’s crime and the formation of tactics for interrogating suspected (accused) women.

Sociological Analysis of women’s Violence : A Case Study in Egypt

The importance of the present study stems from the problematic nature of the marital relationships and their societal dimensions that stimulate some wives to murder their husbands with intention in Egypt. Hence, the question of this study runs so: What are the motives and societal dimensions that stimulate the wives to kill their husbands in Egypt? In order to find answers to this main question, the study makes use of the diagnostic and analytical approach with its two aspects: the qualitative and quantitative. That is to realize the aims of the study and to identify the dimensions of wives' violence in the Egyptian society in addition to determining the factors that produce violence in the Egyptian family. The study also adopts the comprehensive investigation and scanning of the statistical crime reports of the public security administration associated with the ministry of internal affairs in Egypt in the period from 1985 to 2008. This helps in counting the rates of the crime, defining its types, classifying it in general and familial, and comparing it with the crimes of 'murder with intention'. The field study is carried out in Al-Qnater Al-Khairia prison for women, taking into consideration this prison as the main prison for female criminals. The study also employs the so-called 'depth interviews' in order to apply the questionnaire as the main tool capable to identify the daily life aspects of the case under study and its familial history. The field of study was carried out in the period from July 2009 to December 2009 in Al-Qnater Al-Khairia prison for women. The writing down of the report took a period of time from January 2010 to July 2010. The study emphasizes that the reason behind the increase in the crime ratios lies in inequality in the distribution of economic resources. Such cause is the main factor in committing both the crimes motivated by money gain and violence. The results of the social surveys reveal that the murdering wife affiliates to the lower social class with the ratio of 83.33% of the total crimes that reach 30 case. 10% of those murderers belong to the upper lower class and 6.67% belong to the middle class. The latter are only two cases. The study arrests that 53.33% of the female murderers do not have a work and 46.67% of them have service works.

Sociocultural and Historical Aspects of the Female Criminality Phenomenon

Sociocultural and Historical Aspects of the Female Criminality Phenomenon

The format of reporting on female criminals and the pattern of responding to female criminals : Focusing on Shin's case

The format of reporting on female criminals and the pattern of responding to female criminals : Focusing on Shin's case

Female Copycat Crime: An Exploratory Analysis

Although much has been written concerning female delinquency and criminality, little has been forwarded about female copycat crime. Utilizing four data sets from surveys collected over the past dec...

Fraud in New Zealand, 1840–1939

This study analyses fraudsters and their motives in New Zealand’s post-colonial times, using Papers Past, from 1840 to 1939. The aim is to understand the past societal context concerning fraud crimes. The historical analysis reveals that fraud was reported as early as 1840, and since then, reports of fraud have grown rapidly. False pretences and representation were the most common types of fraud, and there was a greater proportion of male than female perpetrators. Female criminality was the main subject of discussion during the period studied, and often biased perceptions regarding how typical women should behave were expressed. The motives of perpetrators of fraud were mainly to maintain cohesion for the family. Overall, the motivations for committing fraud indicated social struggles rather than greed. There is also some evidence for how fraudsters from privileged social classes received lighter sentencing regardless of the grave nature of the offence.

Road-mapping the Contradictions Around Premenstrual Syndrome: A Medico-legal Quandary

Even though the term premenstrual syndrome has entered the common lexicon, yet it still remains a Gordian knot that needs to be untangled by not only the medical profession but also the legal profession. Resolving this conundrum requires a balancing of the dichotomy between ‘medicalizing’ women’s lives and a need to affirm women’s experiences. There exist several legal impediments while presenting evidence of this syndrome for diminishing the responsibility of a woman in a criminal trial. The present research is undertaken with an aim to determine the relationship between female criminality and premenstrual syndrome. The research further examines the credibility of utilizing the evidence of premenstrual syndrome to excuse a woman from criminal responsibility during a trial. This article is a step in the direction of pushing the envelope for spurring a holistic development of law, which is inclusive of the specific needs of women.

THE CARCERAL COLONY AND ENTANGLEMENT OF GENDER: THEORIZING WOMEN IMPRISONMENT IN KENYA

In the second half of the nineteenth century, a certain dissatisfaction becomes apparent in the records of British concerned themselves with crime and its punishment in colonial Kenya. Broadly speaking, there was a growing perception that there were serious problems with the manner in which women entered the labor market and crime associated with it and on the other hand, how the colonial state punished female offenders. While some observers questioned whether imprisonment in colonial jails was particularly punishing, others expressed alarm that such incarceration was actually counterproductive: that instead of reforming and rehabilitating women criminals, British prisons contributed to their further demoralizations. One is that the most basic mechanism through which long-term female convicts were to be reformed were vocational training and a comprehensive segregation: the isolation of the offender not only from families, non-criminals and free society, but also from men, other female criminals, the idle, the sick, and assorted other contaminating influences. These processes were expected to transform convicted women into productive, orderly and modest members of the laboring class. Such sentiments contributed to the philosophy of the female prison in Kenya. This study, therefore, focuses its attention on the history of Langata women prison, the only female corrective institution in Kenya. The objective of the study was to examine its establishment, development dynamics and the impacts it had on women, crime and punishment. Article visualizations:

Perceptions of the Society Approach towards Female Criminals- A study

Perceptions of the Society Approach towards Female Criminals- A study

WOMEN, CRIME AND THE SECULAR COURT IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY CLUJ

The purpose of this presentation is to address the issue of female criminality in early modern Cluj, and to analyze women’s position before the law. Our investigation is based on the records of the secular Court from the town Cluj, where we have identified more than 250 cases of women accused of fornication, adultery, witchcraft, infanticide, theft and drunkenness, poisoning, swearing and slander. There were a significant number of female convictions during the century, from which most ended with light sentences, such as banishment, corporal punishments, stigmatizations with hot iron, mutilations and only occasionally death. We would like to analyze in detail the types of crime and their punishments presenting the legal background, the jurisdiction and the habitual practices of the Court. We would also like to underline the importance of the narrative strategies used in these inquisitorial trials, since our documents reveal female criminality from a male perspective, as in these times men ran the legal system, consequently the Court records, in our reading contain moral, legal and sexual elements of a male discourse on female crime.

Strokes to the Social Portrait of a Russian Female Criminal of the 1730s

The article attempts to reconstruct a social portrait of a Russian female criminal of the 1730s on the basis of a set of judicial and investigative documentation. The self-identification of female criminals and information about their lifestyle from questioning speeches (rassprosnye rechi) often do not coincide with traditional views on the structure of society at that time. The article analyzes these inconsistencies, and also reveals women of which social groups most often committed crimes and what their motives were. As the study demonstrated, the social portrait of a female criminal of the 1730s wore blurred features. The reason of this was, on the one hand, in the problem of self-determination of women, who did not always know exactly what category they should belong to, and, on the other hand, in more general problems associated with the process of social reorganization of Russian society, which was unable to respond quickly to the numerous reforms proposed to (and partly imposed on) it by Peter I.

Chega de Silêncio

Resumo: Neste trabalho, usando o levantamento bibliográfico como metodologia, buscamos analisar a importância acadêmica, para o campo da criminologia, dos relatos de experiências produzidos por mulheres. Primeiramente, a partir de Sandra Harding, veremos como a exclusão de mulheres e de seus relatos da produção dos saberes está ligada à invisibilização de certos fenômenos sociais, inclusive criminais. Nesse ponto, também apresentaremos a relevância, tanto para a criminologia, quanto para o feminismo, do critério de necessidade elaborado por Eugenio Zaffaroni. Em um segundo momento, de acordo com narrativas de mulheres encarceradas trazidas, principalmente, por Debora Diniz e Nana Queiroz, identificaremos conceitos feministas e situações de opressão de gênero que devem ser trazidos para a criminologia para que esta compreenda a criminalidade feminina e seus efeitos de forma mais ampla.

Sensitivity to Status-Based Rejection: Implications for Female and Minority Criminal Justice Majors

Now more than ever, criminal justice agencies are looking to fill their ranks with a diverse workforce that reflects the populations they serve. Criminal justice is a field where diversity matters, is encouraged, and is sought after in recruitment efforts. Also, research shows that females are highly effective in this discipline due to their unique communication skills. Therefore, it is important for females and minorities to feel they are welcomed and belong in those agencies. This article explores how perceptions affect the employability of women and people of color. Exploring their level of confidence or anxiety about their future ability to adapt to their work environment could offer insights on how to better support criminal justice students and on how to help agencies to better integrate and maintain diversity in their organizations. This study examines criminal justice students’ sensitivity to status-based rejection. Specifically, college students in the field of criminal justice were surveyed regarding their anxieties and beliefs about how others’ perceptions of their status (gender, race, and/or ethnicity) might affect their professional careers. Results suggest that while females of all races and African American students of any gender are significantly more likely to be concerned about the potential for status-based rejection when employed, or trying to become employed, in the field of criminal justice, female Hispanic students are concerned about the combined effects of their race and gender on their future careers. Policy implications are discussed.

Stage model for female criminals: business school students’ perceptions of white-collar offenders

ABSTRACTWe know that half of the population in Norway is female, and we know that females represent 6% of the white-collar crime prison population. In the stage model overview, we derive percentages from the literature into the gender model to explain stepwise reduction from 50% to 6%. In our empirical research, we asked two groups of business school students to come up with their own estimates for the stages in the model for female criminals. While estimates from executive students resulted in 3% women in prison, bachelor students’ estimates resulted in 10% women in prison. The most obvious discrepancy between the research literature and our two survey groups is related to relative convictions. Based on the literature, we suggested that female defendants receive more serious convictions because they may perceive and feel more guilt for a crime, for example in terms of regret, shame and depression. Thus women may have a tendency to confess more easily. Both executive students and bachelor students disagree with this estimate of 140%, as they suggest 62% and 69% respectively. One reason for their suggestion of less serious convictions for female white-collar criminals – sometimes labelled pink-collar criminals – might be that family situation and other elements are taken into account before a verdict is passed on a woman. Another substantial discrepancy is related to detection risk. The literature suggests a low detection risk for women, but may be not as low as we estimated at 30%. Both executive and bachelor students believe that the gender difference in detection likelihood is not that formidable, as they suggest 75% and 65% respectively.

Testing Agnew’s General Strain Theory Among Incarcerated Women in the Republic of North Macedonia

AbstractWhat is the purpose of our study? Being written on a social–psychological level, general strain theory (GST) has been tested among adolescent populations. However, what has been very rarely analysed is the response to strain by different types of offenders and diverse populations. This study is even more valuable if we mention that until the beginning of our research, GST or any other criminological theory had not been tested on any population in the Republic of North Macedonia. Why study an incarcerated population? This population has neglected needs, inhumane living conditions, overcrowded penitentiary institutions, high levels of recidivism and poor use of alternative measures. The experience of incarcerated women is generally less known compared with those of incarcerated men; they have a low level of participation in the total number of crimes in the country, and there is a lack of criminological research on female criminality in general. The data collected focused on the influence of strain and negative emotions on the level of criminality. The results should help us to answer whether strain leads to negative emotions; then does strain influence female criminality and its level; and do negative emotions intermediate in between strain and the level of criminality?

Penal and Custodial Control of Female Criminality in Spain from a Gender Perspective

Gender is a uniquely important factor in women’s lives and female criminality alike: A study of statistics on female criminality worldwide shows that several gender-related factors may determine a woman’s commission of an offence, her life in prison, and perhaps even her future. Reflecting on this problem based solely on official statistics is difficult because some variables remain invisible from this perspective. Consequently, it is necessary to study the problem by applying criminological methods and examining past judgements. Whether it be an analysis of offences predominantly associated with women in the statistics (drug trafficking), or of other crimes that are not (terrorism, white/pink-collar crime), it is possible to identify gender patterns that in micro-criminological terms serve to elucidate the reasons why these women have committed an offence. It may even be possible to prevent female criminality by tackling the gender stereotypes that are present in all these crimes.