Female Citizens Research Articles

Feminism in 18 Century

The 18th century marked a pivotal era for the early stirrings of feminism, laying the groundwork for future movements seeking gender equality. During this period, societal roles were rigidly defined, with women predominantly relegated to domestic spheres. However, the Enlightenment, with its emphasis on reason and individual rights, began to challenge these traditional norms. This intellectual movement inspired a reevaluation of women's roles and their capabilities. ioneering voices emerged, advocating for women's education and rights. One of the most influential figures was Mary Wollstonecraft, whose seminal work, "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" (1792), argued for women's rationality and the importance of education. Wollstonecraft's treatise challenged the prevailing notion that women were inherently inferior to men, advocating instead for equal opportunities in education as a means to achieve true equality.Other women, such as Catherine Macaulay and Olympe de Gouges, contributed to the discourse, with de Gouges penning the "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen" in 1791, a bold statement calling for women's rights during the French Revolution. These early feminists laid the intellectual and philosophical foundation for future generations to build upon.Despite their efforts, the impact of 18th-century feminism was limited by cultural and institutional barriers. The movement did not result in immediate societal change; however, it ignited a conversation about gender equality that would gain momentum in the centuries to follow. The ideas and writings from this era inspired later activists in the 19th and 20th centuries, who continued to fight for women's suffrage, legal rights, and social reforms.

Comparative Study of Predictive Classification Models on Data with Severely Imbalanced Predictors

Analysing pre-COVID-19 unemployment in West Java is vital for comprehending and tackling Indonesia’s economic challenges. This significance arises not only due to the region’s high unemployment rate, but also from the need to understand unemployment patterns before COVID-19, which has become more relevant now during the country’s post-pandemic recovery phase. This study evaluates four machine learning models (Random Forest, Linear SVM, RBF SVM, and Polynomial SVM) to classify employment status using demographic and job-related variables. The objective is to find the most suitable model, particularly considering the imbalanced nature of the study-case data. Data from the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) in August 2019 is utilized, comprising 54,429 respondents across districts in West Java. The four models are evaluated using holdout validation with a 70:30 stratified proportion, repeated for 100 times. Results indicate that the random forest model outperforms others in balanced accuracy, F1-score, and computational time. The random forest model also underscores the importance of gender and age in classifying employment status in West Java, suggesting a need for targeted intervention, especially for female citizens and individuals in productive age groups.

Innovative Behaviour: Male Vs Female Entrepreneurs in Akwa Ibom State

It is observed that there are more male entrepreneurs engaged in entrepreneurial activities than female entrepreneurs given a number of factors that hinder the female entrepreneurs. However, does this translate to the male entrepreneurs being more innovative than the female entrepreneurs? This study aims to examine the innovative behaviour of male and female entrepreneurs in Akwa Ibom State. Using a survey design and a purposive sampling method, 250 respondents were examined for the study and the data analysed using descriptive statistics revealed the findings that both male and female entrepreneurs have similar levels of innovative behaviour, although the female entrepreneurs exhibited a slightly higher level of innovative behaviour in the areas of product innovation, process innovation, market innovation and raw materials innovation. The result indicated that the male entrepreneurs’ process innovation led to a slightly speedier delivery of their goods compared to the female entrepreneurs and that their goods stand out against competitors compared to the female entrepreneurs. In organisational restructuring, both male and female entrepreneurs have a similar level of innovative behaviour, however, the female entrepreneurs tend to reorder each division of their businesses to ensure employee’s effectiveness more than the male entrepreneurs and profit tend to increase more for the female entrepreneurs who reorder their businesses compared to the male entrepreneurs. Hence, more female citizens in the state need to be encouraged to startup and to stay creative and innovative.

Monitoring Cardiovascular Disease in Métis Citizens Across Ontario, 2012-2020

BackgroundPopulation-based analyses of Métis-specific health outcomes in Canada are limited. This study aimed to address this gap and examine cardiovascular disease outcomes in citizens of the Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO) over a 9-year period. MethodsUnder a data governance and sharing agreement between the MNO and ICES, registered MNO citizens aged ≥ 20 years were linked to administrative health data in Ontario. Existing algorithms were used to determine the burden of heart failure and hypertension. In the most recent year, prevalence rates were compared for income quintiles, age, and sex. ResultsAge-adjusted prevalence rates of hypertension decreased, and age-adjusted prevalence rates of heart failure increased in MNO citizens from 2012 to 2020. A larger decrease in prevalence of hypertension was observed for female citizens, by 12% from 28.9 per 100 (confidence interval [CI]: 27.6-30.2) in 2012 to 25.4 per 100 (CI: 24.5-26.3) in 2020. As for heart failure, the age-adjusted prevalence rates for male citizens had the largest increase, by 47% from 2.6 per 100 (CI: 2.1-3.1) in 2012 to 3.8 per 100 (CI: 3.3-4.2) in 2020. Hypertension and heart failure were more prevalent in male citizens, those of advanced age, and those living in areas within the lowest income quintile. ConclusionsThis study is the first in nearly 10 years to investigate trends in cardiovascular outcomes among MNO citizens. Understanding this burden is critical to the MNO’s ability to guide program and policy planning, as well as to advocate within and beyond the health system for Métis-specific needs.

The future might be female: how does the public perceive experts?

ABSTRACT Recently, scientific experts have become increasingly influential in political decision-making. Although previous research has examined the extent and conditions under which politicians use scientific evidence, we know less about how citizens perceive scientific experts. In this study, we argue that the credibility of experts depends not only on the message they deliver or the medium they use, but also on the individual characteristics of the experts. Using data collected from an original survey experiment among Swiss citizens on climate change (N = 1,854), this study analyses whether the gender and discipline of experts influence citizens’ perceptions of their credibility. The results show that, contrary to our assumptions, citizens do not perceive female experts as less credible than their male colleagues. However, this effect is mainly driven by female citizens who consider female and social science experts as more credible. These findings have important implications for the role of experts in policy-making.

GENDERED POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT IN IRAQ: EXAMINING WOMEN'S ENGAGEMENT IN THE POST-2003 POLITICAL LANDSCAPE

The present article examines women's political engagement in Iraq following 2003, presenting an evaluation of their current political milieu. The text provides insight into the rise of multiple women's groups, clarifying their goals and actions. The article delves into the unique difficulties and hindrances faced by proponents of women's rights in present-day Iraq. In the aftermath of the collapse of the Ba'athist government, a promising window of opportunity emerged for women to participate in the political sphere. As a result, female citizens of Iraq have attained a noteworthy degree of political engagement, obtaining roles within the governmental and parliamentary spheres. Despite persistent efforts, individuals in Iraq are still facing a range of obstacles stemming from tribal, sectarian, customary, and legal factors, which are primarily influenced by prevailing patriarchal and sectarian ideologies. This research employs historical, descriptive, and political analysis to showcase the active participation of Iraqi women in the political and social landscape of Iraq. This statement highlights their continuous involvement in promoting the progress of the political system, as evidenced by their occupancy of various political positions.

Performing Womanhood and Carefare in Hungary

In the present article,1 I will examine how topics of domestic work, care and family values were critically addressed by female performers in 2022 on various Hungarian stages. Two short analyses will show that the notion of womanhood is deconstructed through questioning superficial and populist images of traditional female roles. While Baby Bumm – Propinquity Effect, a community theatre production highlights the actual toll of becoming a mother, a one-woman-show titled God, Home, Kitchen detects the numerous and often contradicting roles assigned to an average Hungarian female citizen by politicians. Both productions build on the physical limits of the performers’ bodies, the actual burden of taking care of children, as well as fulfilling duties in and outside the household, to show the unreal nature of politicized ideas on women. This is a public topic that further emerged in post-pandemic times, especially in the light of the government's determination of acceptable social participation for women.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: the current state of the problem in Yekaterinburg

Objective. To determine the frequency of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among female citizens in Yekaterinburg. Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis of the report forms of the cervical pathology office in Yekaterinburg Perinatal Center from January to September 2022 was carried out. Statistical data processing was conducted using descriptive statistical methods in the Excel programme. Results. 255 cases of precancerous cervical diseases and 7 cases of cervical cancer were revealed within 9 months of monitoring, among them 24 patients with precancerous pathology and 4 with cervical cancer had previously been followed up by a specialist. Most cases of cervical pathology were revealed in patients over 40. Conclusions. The women's consultations of Verkh-Isetsky and Leninsky districts refer patients to the specialized cervical pathology office most actively. Patients of the cervical pathology office are provided with the full range of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures, with colposcopy being most often performed (27 % of cases). The dispensary group of patients of the cervical pathology office is mainly represented by women with cervical dysplasia of the 2nd degree (HSIL, CIN II) – 43.5 %.

Problem praw kobiet w międzywojennej prasie dla Polek

The article contains topics that were of historical interest but are still relevant today. The issue of women’s rights was part of the reflection on the existence of normative laws regulating the rights of women citizens, but it also fell within the sphere of social exclusion, which reflected the mentality of society. In the interwar period, Polish women gained full rights, including educational, economic, and social ones. These were largely subject to „maternal determinism”, that is, they resulted from the social role of the mother. Moreover, they could enjoy political rights. They had the right to vote and stand for election, to hold public office, to information, freedom of association, and freedom of expression. In the press journalism addressed to female readers, attention was drawn to the discrepancy between the normative rights of Polish women and the actual implementation of the principle of legal egalitarianism. On its basis, an image of the dysfunction of the system of women’s rights, areas of abuse, and sometimes crimes against female citizens of the Republic of Poland was created

Obraz «novoj zhenshchiny» na sovetskih plakatah 1920-h – 1930-h gg.

After the October Revolution, the Bolshevik party implemented a series of measures to solve the “women's problem” and actively constructed the “new women” ideology in the social public consciousness. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Soviet government used propaganda posters as a popular and intuitive artistic method to construct and promote the image of “new women”, creating the image of a batch female citizens, revolutionaries, laborers, politicians and athletes with consciousness and understanding of politics.

Legislation on the Protection of Womens Rights and Womens Awakening Phase: A Comparative Study Between China and Europe Countries

The discussion over womens rights and gender violence has gotten more attention after the Tangshan attack in China. The harsh physical violence the female victims sustained and the social debates about how women could protect themselves caused concern about the legislation in China protecting womens rights, as well as other countries constitutions. Therefore, this study focuses on comparing information on the legislation and historical womens awakening phase between China and Europe countries, by using the comparative research and historical research. Aiming to find out the awakening phases of having equality in China and Europe countries, and how legislation protects their female citizens. The study enumerates the legislation defending the rights of women and history of when they awakened, as the impact, the possible development for womens rights legislation in the future. The results of this analysis show that womens movements began in the 20th century and peaked in both China and Europe, women intended to achieve more equality and fairness in all domains as they have come to understand their value and place in society. At the same time, the historical comparison provides the results that Chinas women are awakening mostly through group activism and political advocacy, whereas Europes women are awakening primarily through sizable womens awakening movements. Hence, even though women still encounter unfair treatment in some underdeveloped places that are less influenced by these movements and legislation, women should keep working toward achieving equality to completely defend their rights. The forms of equality between men and women would then become clear, and able to achieve a better social system.

Decolonizing the Moroccan Woman

Abstract A public debate about the social status of women accompanied the emergence of mass politics in Morocco after World War II. The Arabic-language press argued that true sovereignty required the liberation of the kingdom’s female citizens from the shackles of tradition. Taking inspiration from developments across the decolonizing world, nationalists promoted women’s “rights and duties” to build a “new Morocco” beyond the constraints of French colonialism. State formation became dependent on a profound social transformation. Following independence in 1956, however, King Mohammed V gradually replaced the public conversation about female emancipation with a narrative that began and ended with the royal palace, thereby constructing a unique version of state feminism that persists today.

Symbolic effects of representative bureaucracy in policing: An experimental replication in a Korean context

AbstractThis study experimentally examines the effect of gender representation of a police organization responsible for handling domestic violence, and how this impacts Korean citizens' views toward the police. Findings show that male participants gave the highest ratings of legitimacy and fairness when the organization is equally represented by men and women, while gave low ratings of legitimacy and efficacy to the organization where women are over‐represented. This implies that achieving gender balance in job assignments helps ensure the effectiveness of representative bureaucracy. On the other hand, female participants rated organization with equal representation positively only when they also demonstrated a high level of active representation for female victims. Given heightened gender conflict within Korean policing, female citizens might try to maintain objectivity about female officers.

Urolithiasis Symptoms and Risk Factors Among the General Population of Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.

This study aims to assess the awareness and attitudes about urolithiasis among the general population of Alahsa, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2022 in Alahsa, Saudi Arabia, using a validated questionnaire that was distributed to the general population. Inclusion criteria include male and female citizens of Saudi Arabia who were living in Alahsa, older than 18 years old, and willing to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria include non-Saudi citizens or Saudi citizens who did not live in Alahsa. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics. The results showed there were 1023 participants. The results showed the awareness level of symptoms associated with kidney stones at 29%, complications at 34%, diagnosis at 51%, and treatment at 16%. The results showed there was a significant association between a history of kidney stones and having no complications (p-value = 0.002) or inflammation (p-value = 0.009). However, there was no significant association between kidney stone symptoms and the participants' comorbidities. According to our findings,there was a low level of knowledge about the condition and the methods to prevent it, like dietary and lifestyle modifications. Regardless of the low level of general knowledge, there was some awareness of urolithiasis in some elements. Therefore, it is advised to increase health awareness campaigns.

Methods to Rewrite a Book as Female Translators

Human right has a history of more than 200 years in human society, but for a long period of time, it didnt includes feminism. In 1971, the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen announced by Olympe de Gouges making the opening came out. After feminism became mature, people began to turn to take feminism into translation in 1980s, because in the past there was a trend to subconsciously regard all the authors as men. At that time, girls have no right to speak for themselves. What is more, when male translators translate the source texts, they will use some words to suggest the low position of female in society. And Jane Eyre would be took as an example to show this phenomenon. This paper will concentrate on how to rewrite a book as female translators. In this certain theme, several theories also need to be learned about to break the conventional opinions. In this paper, readers can find that in the beginning stage of feminist translation theory, there are not only benefits but also drawbacks. For instance, women could say for feminism by writing articles, but some people are radical to achieve their aims.

Norms of Convivencia as Practices of Abjection: Saving the Nation by Saving the Muslim Girl

In this historical inquiry, Belén Hernando-Lloréns uses the case of one young Spanish woman who was suspended for wearing a hijab to school to argue that norms of convivencia in culturally and racially diverse educational spaces work as a practice of abjection that excludes in the name of inclusion. She examines three strategies that made this girl’s veiling an issue of public safety: problematizing Muslim girls’ veiled bodies, normalizing what the responsible female citizen’s body looks like, and pathologizing the desire to veil. This inquiry, which is based on the analysis of policy and law, media, and educational research, contends that norms of convivencia in education carry embedded notions of a salvationist agenda that other and exclude those who deviate from normative, liberal images of a responsible personhood.

Eurydice and the Birth of Macedonian Power by Elizabeth Donnelly Carney

Reviewed by: Eurydice and the Birth of Macedonian Power by Elizabeth Donnelly Carney Leanna Boychenko Eurydice and the Birth of Macedonian Power. By Elizabeth Donnelly Carney. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. 200. Hardback, $65.00. ISBN: 978-0-190-28053-6. Carney's book on the life of Eurydice of Macedon is an important contribution to our knowledge of royal women. More broadly, it is an extremely useful overview of the political situation in Macedon in the time before Alexander. Like many ancient women, Eurydice is largely defined by her relationship to men: daughter of Sirras, wife of Amyntas III, mother of Philip II and grandmother of Alexander the Great. Eurydice lived at a fascinating time—when Macedon's emerging power gave it a seat at the international table—and was a key player in the events that led to her sons' rise to power (her two elder sons ruled before Philip II), supporting them against other possible successors to the throne. Carney examines her public role, the earliest known for a Macedonian royal woman, but in the end we are left with more questions than answers, not least the question of whether some sources have anything to do with Eurydice's life at all (for instance, the so-called Tomb of Eurydice in Vergina, whose occupant is unknown). This book is short, 117 pages before the notes, and falls into six chapters. The introduction contextualizes Eurydice's life and gives an overview of our sources, Macedonian monarchy and the roles of women in Macedon. Carney also builds on Daniel Ogden's term "bastardizing," pointing out that while Ogden correctly points to the public smearing of a potential successor's birth as a propagandistic tool, frequently the successor's mother was the target, thus explaining the stories about Eurydice in which she is an adulterer and murderer of her two elder sons. Indeed, this analysis can be more broadly applied to other women in the ancient world and makes this book worth reading for that contribution alone. Chapter 2 looks at Eurydice's marriage to Amyntas III and his rule. Especially interesting is the discussion of Eurydice's contested ethnicity and its implications. The rule of her sons is covered in the third chapter, ending with Philip II's consolidation of power and legitimacy. Chapter 4 examines Eurydice's relationships with her sons and reports of her adultery and filicide. It also contains discussion of a [End Page 369] speech of Aeschines (2.27-9), in which he paints Eurydice as a "super mother" (75) responsible for bringing international support to her sons, essentially guaranteeing their safety and rise to power in Macedon. This is the strongest evidence for her political action and public importance, but is buried in the middle of the book (and chapter). The fifth chapter, focused on her public image in her lifetime, looks at dedications, monuments, physical images and inscriptions. Particularly striking is an epigram preserved in Plutarch's corpus (Plut. Mor. 14b-c) concerning Eurydice's education. According to the epigram, she learned to read and write when her sons were in their adolescence. Carney is mostly interested in a textual emendation, which would change the dedication of the epigram to female citizens (and not the Muses) as well as the location of the original inscription (no physical copy exists). I would have liked to read more about what this could tell us about the education of women and literacy in Macedonia. It is also worth considering that this epigram may not be genuine and instead is part of later reception of the queen. Finally, the last chapter concerns Eurydice's public image after her death and is mostly focused on the Tomb of Eurydice, possibly the queen's final resting place. At the end of this chapter, Carney briefly introduces some intriguing topics that deserve more attention: the importance of the name Eurydice in myth and in history; the name-change of her great-granddaughter Adea to Eurydice and what this tells us about Eurydice's legacy; Odyssean figures as models for Macedonian monarchs and Eurydice's connection to Penelope. I wish they had been dealt with more...

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Types 16/18 and Effect of Vaccination among Japanese Female General Citizens in the Vaccine Crisis Era

The Japanese government withdrew its recommendation for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in June 2013 and resumed it in April 2022. This period is known as the vaccine crisis in Japan. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV among Japanese female citizens, and the effect of vaccination against HPV-16/18 in the era of the vaccine crisis. We recruited Japanese female citizens and asked them to provide self-collected samples from the vaginal wall using cotton swabs for HPV genotyping. Furthermore, we collected the participants' characteristics, including lifestyle and experience of vaccination against HPV, to determine the significant association with HPV infection. HPV-16/18 positivity was found in 5.6% (115/2044) of participants. The highest vaccination rate was observed in the age group of 20-24 years (60.6%), whereas the lowest HPV-16/18 positivity was observed in the age group of 45-49 years (2.8%), followed by the age group of 20-24 years (4.0%). Experience with HPV vaccination significantly reduced the risk of HPV-16/18 infection (adjusted odds ratio, 0.047; 95% confidence interval, 0.011-0.196). Vaccinated women were much less likely to be infected by HPV-16/18, regardless of the HPV vaccine type or the vaccination dose.

Gender Representations in Dramatic Texts for Children and Youth

Theater, including drama, plays for an underaged audience, is considered an active mechanism for reproducing or challenging gender relations in power that reflects the ideological and political beliefs of a society. Under such circumstances, it is interesting to discover whether theatrical texts for children and youth gender fairness and to investigate whether or not traditional and stereotypical perceptions govern the way male and female citizens are presented in theatrical texts. The purpose of this research is to investigate theatrical texts addressed to children and youth as to the way in which men and women are portrayed as citizens. The research material was decided to consist of theatrical texts, namely texts with dramatic features, such as dialogical form, plot, etc., addressed to a juvenile audience, which was published in Greece, by Greek authors, during the period 1985-1995. In order to achieve the individual aims and objectives of the present research, the content analysis method was used. According to the results of the study, the analysis of activities of the heroes in children’s theatrical works shows that men have power in their hands, make political decisions, and have active and decisive roles in social life. They are the leaders and those who control the society’s fortune, whereas women are generally detached from any serious political, social, and economic activity or decision. The theatrical works for children portray the woman only in the capacity of a mother or housewife without any dynamic presence in modern socio-political life.

The Role of Community Institutions in the Socio-economic Empowerment of Emirati Women Field Study in Ajman

This study aims to identify the role performed by the UAE society through some of its community institutions (government, private and some civil society organizations and Umm Al-Mu'minin Association as a model) in the empowerment of Emirati women at two social and economic levels, in addition of exploring the mechanisms and programs set by these institutions, to support and integrate women in the society, by emphasizing the importance of their participation as effective actors in the society and towards achieving the sustainable development and as means of their development and prosperity. In-depth interview tool through a case study of a sample of 30 Emirati female citizens. In order to answer the study questions, the researchers used the statistical packages of social analysis (SPSS) using descriptive statistical analysis methods (mean weight arithmetic, standard deviation, and analysis of variances (ANOVA). The correlation coefficient used Pearson's linear correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the dimensions of economic and social empowerment. The major findings achieved by the study: 1-There were correlations coefficient attributed to the variables of the family members, place of residence, reason for joining the job and the economic empowerment area. 2-There were correlations coefficient attributed to the variables of the number of family members, the place of residence and the academic qualifications, and the reason for joining the job and the area of social empowerment.