Authors Research Articles

Promising Trends in Female-Driven Vascular Surgery Research: A Systematic Comparison Within Surgical Subspecialties

Publication in peer-reviewed journals is integral to the dissemination of evidence-based research and strongly linked to professional achievement for academic surgeons. Within the field of vascular surgery, where engineering and innovation uniquely interface with operative technique, publications also serve as a major catalyst for growth within this dynamic field. Although recent data have demonstrated an increase in female authorship within vascular surgery, how these trends compare with other surgical subspecialties is unknown. This perspective is essential to understanding our progress and may provide an opportunity to access expertise to further enhance gender diversity within our field. This multijournal systematic review assessed trends in authorship gender diversity within the fields of vascular surgery, neurosurgery, and ophthalmology. The Journal of Vascular Surgery (JVS), the Journal of Neurosurgery, and the Journal of Ophthalmology were chosen as the representative journals from each subspecialty given their consistent top rankings within their respective fields. All articles from the first issue of each year were reviewed between 2010 and 2020 and assessed for female authorship trends. A total of 963 articles were analyzed (JVS: 470, Neurosurgery: 223, Ophthalmology: 270). In JVS, there was a statistically evident linear increase in female first authorship over time (2010: 5.3% vs 2020: 19.6%; P = .05) (Fig 1). In the Journal of Neurosurgery, there was no significant increase in female first authorship (2010: 5.0% vs 2020: 5.0%; P = .21). In the Journal of Ophthalmology, there was a strong trend toward a linear increase in female first authorship (2010: 25.0% vs 2020: 35.7%; P = .06). Notably, ophthalmology demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of female first authors overall when compared with vascular (34.8% vs 17.7%; P < .01). In JVS, a female last author was associated with a 2.29 higher odds of having a female first author (confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-4.75, P = .03) (Fig 2). This predictive pattern was not seen with neurosurgery (odds ratio: 0.57, CI: 0.07-4.59; P = .57) or ophthalmology (odds ratio: 1.25, CI: 0.68-2.30; P = .48). As women continue to comprise a larger proportion of vascular trainees and surgeons, there has been an encouraging increase in the academic footprint of female-driven research. This trend is significantly greater than other surgical subspecialties, such as neurosurgery and ophthalmology. Yet, the proportionally greater amount of female representation within ophthalmology provides a benchmark for goal-directed growth. The predictive value of female last authorship on female first authorship is specific to vascular surgery and indicates a promising benefit of sex-concordant mentorship within the field.Fig 2Sex concordance of female last authorship on female first authorship compared between the Journal of vascular Surgery, the Neurosurgery Journal, and the Ophthalmology. Journal.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

An analysis of publications originating from abstracts presented at the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) Meeting.

Research presentation has benefits, including CV building, networking, and collaboration. A measurable standard for achievement is publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Expectations regarding the likelihood of publication are unknown for studies presented at a national surgical scientific meeting. This study aims to evaluate predictors of manuscript publication arising from abstracts presented at a national surgical scientific meeting. Abstracts presented at the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) Meeting 2019 were reviewed. Identification of published manuscripts was completed using MedLine, Embase, and Google Scholar 28months after the presentation to allow for time for publication. Factors evaluated for association with publication included author and abstract measures. Descriptive analyses and multivariable statistics were performed. 724 abstracts (160 podiums, 564 posters) were included. Of the podium presentations, 128 (80%) were published in a median of 4months after the presentation. On univariable and multivariable analyses, there was no association between publication and abstract topic, gender, degree, number of publications, or H-indices of first and senior authors. 154 (27.3%) poster presentations were published with a median of 13months. On univariable analysis, there was a statistically significant difference regarding the abstract topic (p = 0.015) and senior author degree (p = 0.01) between published and unpublished posters. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that colorectal surgery (OR 2.52; CI 1.02-6.23) and metabolic/obesity (OR 2.53; CI 1.09-5.84) are associated with an increased odd of publication. There was an inverse association with female senior authors (OR 0.53; CI 0.29-0.98), while additional degrees (e.g., doctorate and/or master's degree) of the senior authors were associated with an increased publication rate (OR 1.80; CI 1.00-3.22). 80% of podiums but only 27% of posters were ultimately published. While some predictors of poster publication were noted, it is unclear if these are why these projects fail to publish. Future research is warranted to determine if there are effective strategies to increase poster publication rates.

Gender equity of authorship in pulmonary medicine over the past decade

BackgroundGender disparity in authorship broadly persists in medical literature, little is known about female authorship within pulmonary medicine. MethodsA bibliometric analysis of publications from 2012 to 2021 in 12 journals with the highest impact in pulmonary medicine was conducted. Only original research and review articles were included. Names of the first and last authors were extracted and their genders were identified using the Gender-API web. Female authorship was described by overall distribution and distribution by country/region/continent and journal. We compared the article citations by gender combinations, evaluated the trend in female authorship, and forecasted when parity for first and last authorship would be reached. We also conducted a systematic review of female authorship in clinical medicine. Results14,875 articles were included, and the overall percentage of female first authors was higher than last authors (37.0% vs 22.2%, p<0.001). Asia had the lowest percentage of female first (27.6%) and last (15.2%) authors. The percentages of female first and last authors increased slightly over time, except for a rapid increase in the COVID-19 pandemic periods. Parity was predicted in 2046 for the first authors and 2059 for the last authors. Articles with male authors were cited more than articles with female authors. However, male-male collaborations significantly decreased, whereas female-female collaborations significantly increased. ConclusionsDespite the slow improvement in female authorship over the past decade, there is still a substantial gender disparity in female first and last authorship in high-impact medical journals in pulmonary medicine.

Profiling COVID-19 research in the social sciences from Indonesia based on Scopus database

This study provides insights into the pattern of COVID-19 research publications in Indonesia and aims to map out the contributions of social science scholars in the country during the pandemic, using bibliometric analysis. The analysis was conducted through desk research using the scientometric method from the Scopus database, with a total of 1,037 articles analysed. The research found that social sciences scholars in Indonesia made significant contributions to the fields of online learning, economics, business and management, public health and administration, and communication and media studies. The study also identified the influences of research areas, funding, open access, female first author, female co-authors, and international collaborative research on quartile and the number of citations. The implications of the study suggest that efforts should be made to promote gender diversity in research, allocate research funding appropriately, and encourage international collaboration. Authors should prioritize publishing in high quartile journals and opt for open access publication. Additionally, academic institutions and funding agencies should provide guidance on selecting reputable journals to maintain a culture of quality research.

The 100 Most-Cited Articles on Optic Neuritis: Trends of Subtypes, Authorship, and Time.

Optic neuritis (ON) is an optic nerve inflammation that may lead to different degrees of vision loss. In recent decades, ON research facilitated a better understanding of the disease and its subtypes. This bibliometric analysis aimed to detect the 100 most-cited medical articles related to ON in the last 50 years (1972-2021) and describe publication trends arising from the list. The Scopus database was used to locate and screen the 100 most influential ON papers based on the number of citations per article. Each entry was reviewed for the first author (name, gender, institution, and country), year of publication, journal, number of citations, ON subtype, and study design. The mean impact factor (IF) of each journal was calculated. The median number of citations was 265 (range 182-2,396). Observational studies on neuromyelitis optica-associated ON were the most common (27%), and the most influential decade was 2002-2011 (54 papers). Seventy-nine percent of articles were published in neurology journals, and a positive correlation between the mean number of citations per article and the journal mean IF was observed ( r = 0.62, P < 0.001). Between 2009 and 2021, female authors led more ON studies (52%), and more publications originated outside the USA (68%), compared with previous years. This analysis summarizes the impact and shifting trends of ON research in the last decades.

Trends in Female Authorship in Orthopaedic Literature from 2002 to 2021: An Analysis of 168,451 Authors.

Significant gender disparity exists in orthopaedic surgery. While women have increasingly entered the field, we are short of the critical mass needed to drive change, including in authorship. This study aimed to characterize trends in authorship in peer-reviewed orthopaedic journals in the context of gender. This is a cross-sectional bibliometric study of orthopaedic journals in the United States. Articles that were indexed in the orthopaedic category of the Clarivate Journal Citation Report (JCR) and the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) were analyzed (n = 82). Journals not originating from the U.S. (n = 43) or not considered primarily orthopaedic journals (n = 13) were excluded. The 2020 impact factors (IFs) of the remaining 26 journals were recorded. The articles underwent automated data collection from PubMed for January 2002 to December 2021 using R software to collect the title, the journal, the publication year, the first and senior author names, and the country of origin. Gender was determined by Gender API ( https://gender-api.com ). Names with <90% accuracy were excluded. Overall, 168,451 names were studied, with 85,845 and 82,606 first and senior authors, respectively. Of the first and senior authors, 13.6% and 9.9%, respectively, were female. The proportion of female first authors was significantly greater than the proportion of female senior authors. The average IF was significantly higher for male authors compared with female authors (p < 0.005). Articles with female first authors were significantly more likely to have a female senior author. Orthopaedic subspecialty journals had a smaller proportion of manuscripts authored by female first and senior authors than general journals (p < 0.0001). There were 4,451 articles written by a single author, of which 92% (4,093) were written by a man and 8% (358) were written by a woman. Over the 20-year study period, the proportion of female first authorship exhibited a significant positive trend; however, there was a non-significant increase in female senior authorship. Female representation in orthopaedics has been growing over the past decade. Increasing publication rates of female authors reveal steps toward positive gender equity in the field and present an opportunity for female leadership visibility, illustrating the capabilities of women in orthopaedics and encouraging more women to join the field.

Indigenous Feminism for American Indigenous Women Portrayed on The Plague of Doves by Erdrich

Legitimacy of women existences captured diverse and compound through the lens of cultural and social background. In the course of history, American Indigenous Women elucidated their identity articulation following the West at the hand of feminism. However, ‘white’ feminism is not in the position to accommodate the unique characteristics of American Indigenous Women. Their social contour and cultural commandment of which giving a rise out of their position and power cried out for suitable paradigm. Indigenous feminism as perspective from and to Indigenous Women would serve to scrutinize women empowerment, aspiration and self-actualization of American Indigenous Women. The article as presented is part of the dissertation analysis within the title Cultural Memory and Demystification of American Native Women’ Position. The analysis of this research is a library based employing the novel from Indigenous female author, Louise Erdrich, entitled The Plague of Dove. In the discussion, the portrayal and representation of certain social and cultural phenomena have been captured and put into consideration as Indigenous Women’s struggle in this modern days. The regulation and also power to determine Indigenous Women’ identity have been strictly limited due to the presence of oppression. The unique of this research laid on the characteristics of the source of oppression in which is in a cooperated linkage within the paradigm employed which is Indigenous feminism. As there are diverse social and traditional elements brought, this research went deep in to the intersectionality studies, focusing on the sexism, racism and colonialism issues predominantly captured as the root of the oppression and discrimination against Indigenous Women.

Trends in women's representation as lead authors in high impact journals of lung cancer.

Women's participation in the clinical oncology practice has increased over the past decade. There is a need to investigate whether women's participation in academia, as reflected by publication activity, increased over the time. This study aimed to investigate trends in female authorship in top journals of lung cancer in the past ten years. In this cross-sectional study of all original research and review articles published in lung cancer journals including New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet journals, JAMA journals, Journal of Clinical Oncology, Annals of Oncology, Cancer Discovery, Journal of Thoracic Oncology, and Translational Lung Cancer Research (TLCR) between 2012 and 2021, the sex composition of lead authors were analyzed. The sex of the author was confirmed by internet searching for photographs, biographies, and gender-specific pronouns from journal or personal websites. The time-trend of female authorship was determined using Join-Point Regression (JPR) analysis. A total of 3,625 first authors and 3,612 corresponding authors were identified in the journals during the years studied. The sex of the author was revealed for 98.5%. Among 3,625 first authors with the sex being revealed, 1,224 (33.7%) were women. The proportion of female first authors increased remarkably from 29.4% in 2012 to 39.8% in 2021. The annual percentage change (APC) in female first authorship took place in 2019 [APC for 2019-2021, 37.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 18.0-59.1, P=0.003]. The proportion of first authors in TLCR increased from 25.9% in 2012 to 42.8% in 2021 and showed the greatest rise in female first authorship. There were significant discrepancies in the female first authorship across the journals and regions. Among the 3,612 corresponding authors whose sex were determined, 884 (24.5%) were female. There is no significant increasing trend in female corresponding authorship. The sex gap in the first authorship of lung cancer research articles has improved markedly in the recent years, however, sex imparities persist especially in corresponding authorship. There is an urgent need to proactively support and promote women in taking the leadership roles, thereby increasing their contributions to and influence on the development or advancement for future healthcare policies and practices.

Female authorship trends and the effect of COVID-19 on cataract and refractive surgery literature.

To evaluate whether gender barriers persist specifically in the cataract and refractive surgery (CRS) literature. In addition, no literature exists investigating the long-term effect of COVID-19 on female authorship in ophthalmology past 2020. Scopus 2015 to 2022. Retrospective data review. Articles published in the Journal of Refractive Surgery and the Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery were recorded from January 2015 to February 2022 from Scopus. Articles with only 1 author or where gender could not be identified were excluded. The first author (FA) gender, senior author (SA) gender, affiliated country, type of literature, and number of citations were collected. Pearson chi-squared tests with phi coefficients and multivariate logistic regression were performed. 3153 articles were included in analysis. There were 910 works with female FAs and 648 with female SAs. Gender did not predict publishing in one journal over the other (P > .050). Women made up less than 30% of authorship of all types of literature, except for prospective/observational studies as FA (31.3%). Compared with before 2020, female FAs from 2020 onward were associated with increased retrospective analysis (phi = 0.072, P = .030) and letters/editorials (phi = 0.134, P < .001) but decreased case reports (phi = 0.087, P = .009) and "others" (phi = -0.164, P < .001). Similar associations were observed for female SAs. Females were more likely to publish in Asian countries. Female SAs predicted an increased likelihood of female FAs (odds ratio, 1.401, 95% CI, 1.165-1.684, P < .001). Gender disparities exist in authorship of the CRS literature. COVID-19 has altered the types of literature published by women, but men still publish most of all types of CRS research.

Let’s Talk About Sex(uality): A Content Analysis of the Inclusion and Measurement of Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation in Published Criminological Research

&lt;i&gt;Time and again, criminology has been criticized for its lack of inclusion in research regarding diverse populations. Scholars continuously call for criminological research to diversify its focus and measurements, particularly regarding individual characteristics such as race, sex, gender, and, more recently, sexuality. This study utilizes summative content analysis to examine the inclusion, measurement, and context of sexuality and sexual orientation in all articles published between 2011-2020 from four criminological and criminal justice (CCJ) journals. Specifically, we explored to what extent sexuality is incorporated in the selected publications among the sections of each article and if it varies among journals, if sexuality is being measured in the empirical articles examined and, if so, as what type of variable, if the calls for inclusion in 2014 changed the amount of sexuality included in articles, and if the gender makeup of the author team impacts inclusion of sexuality. Results indicate that sexuality and sexual orientation are rarely mentioned in the literature and are measured even less. While sexuality is included more as time passes, much of this is limited. Additionally, articles published by female authors and within the more gender-specialized journal incorporate sexuality more frequently while still limited. &lt;/i&gt;

Women in Homeopathy.

As stated on our publisher's website, “More women than ever before are choosing to pursue careers in both medicine and medical research; however, a gender gap still exists. According to the UN, women make up 70% of health and social care workers, but only 37% of first authors on medical research articles. At Thieme, we believe the key to closing the gender gap in medicine is to uplift women's voices”.[1] Thieme has therefore created its Women in Medicine collection, “which aims to highlight and celebrate the work and contributions to medicine by female-identifying people from around the world”. Our journal is supporting this important project through its connected Women in Homeopathy collection, available to view via the Authors tab on the homepage. Akin to the format of a Virtual Special Issue, its content is articles published in Homeopathy from 2022 onward that have prominently female authorship. We hope that the new online collection adds encouragement to women to continue in homeopathy research and to submit ever more work to the journal.

SRBUHI TYUSAB’S PUBLICISM, SOCIAL-PUBLIC VIEWS AND ROLE IN WOMEN'S EMANCIPATION PROCESSES

The study examined fiction and journalistic activities, articles, and socio-public views of the Western Armenian Constantinople writer of the second half of the 19th century, Srbuhi Tyusab. Tyusab’s publicism was a new experience of broadcasting political, socio-public and literary-cultural dialogues, which was most popular in the second half of the 19th century. The aim of the study is to reveal the author's literary-cultural and socio-public views, as well as their role in the processes of women's emancipation, by examining Srbuhi Tyusab’s op-ed articles. The problem of the study is to analyze the publicistic legacy of the Western Armenian female author of the second half of the 19th century, Srbuhi Tyusab, which has not been properly examined yet. The novelty of the study is the attempt to interpret the ways of women's emancipation and development in a new fashion. The study is interdisciplinary. It was analyzed in the context of the reciprocal connections and relationships between literary studies, history, anthropology, and ethno-culture. Literary critical, philosophical, and linguistic methods were applied, highlighting and focusing the various manifestations and stratifications existing in Srbuhi Tyusab's op-ed articles within the scope of the studied material. This kind of study has been done for the first time. It is important and relevant not only from the point of view of interdisciplinarity, but also from the point of view of analyzing women’s issues in Armenology.

Gender differences in dentistry and oral sciences research productivity by researchers in Nigeria.

The aim of the study was to assess gender differences in the productivity, impact, collaboration pattern and author position of dentistry and oral sciences researchers in Nigeria. We examined the Web of Science (WoS) publication records of dentistry and oral sciences researchers to assess gender differences in productivity, impact, collaboration and authorship pattern (first authorship, last authorship and corresponding author). The analysis included the number of publications in journals ranked based on their quartile rating amongst the journals in the subject area (Q1-Q4). Chi square was used to make gender comparisons. Significance was set at >5%. 413 unique authors published 1,222 articles on dentistry and oral sciences between 2012 and 2021. The number of WoS documents per female author was significantly higher than that per male author (3.7 vs. 2.6, p = 0.03). A non-significantly higher percentage of females authored papers in Q2 and Q3 journals and a higher percentage of males authored papers in Q4 journals. The number of citations per female author (25.0 vs. 14.9, p = 0.04) and the percentage of females listed as first authors (26.6% vs. 20.5%, p = 0.048) were statistically greater than men. The percentage of males listed as last authors was statistically greater than females (23.6% vs. 17.7%, p = 0.04). The correlation between the percentage of papers with researchers listed as first authors and that listed as last authors was not significant for males (p = 0.06) but was significant for females (p = 0.002). A non-significantly greater percentage of females were listed as corresponding authors (26.4% vs. 20.6%) and males were listed as international (27.4% vs. 25.1%) and domestic collaborators (46.8% vs. 44.7%). Also, there was no statistically significant gender difference in the proportion of articles published in open access journals (52.5% vs. 52.0%). Though there were significant gender differences in the productivity, impact, and collaboration profile of dentistry and oral sciences researchers in Nigeria, the higher female research productivity and impact may be driven by cultural gender nuances that needs to be explored further.

Women writers and the possibility of a women's literary tradition in Transylvanian Hungarian literature

AbstractWithin the regional literary canon of Transylvanian Hungarian literature, female authors had a marginal position during the last century, as a quantitative methodology can show. The objective of the paper is to point out the structural dimensions of this marginalization, through exploring patterns in the reception of women authors, and characteristics of the literary field of Transylvanian Hungarian literature. The question is whether thematic or genre issues, the prestige of certain literary and cultural forms (like memoirs, children's literature, theatre etc.) affected during the past century the canonical position of female authors. The analysis outlines a possible structure of a women's literary tradition.

31. How Many Plastic Surgeons Does it Take to Write A Paper? A 10-year Bibliometric Analysis of Authorship Inflation

PURPOSE: Publications measure academic productivity; they can affect research funding and career trajectory. There is a trend of increased authors per publication in surgery journals. We sought to determine whether authorship inflation exists in the plastic surgery literature and identify independent predictors of number of co-authors. METHODS: We performed a bibliometric analysis of articles published in three high impact plastic surgery journals at 2-year intervals between 2010 and 2020. For each publication, we collected details on year of publication, article type, plastic surgery topic, gender of senior author, geographical origin of study, and number of authors. RESULTS: A total of 5593 articles were collected. The median number of authors per article increased over time (rho 0.199, p<0.001). Cohort studies, basic science investigations, literature reviews, and systematic reviews experienced a significant increase in the number of authors per article from 2010 to 2020 (p<0.001). The rise in number of authors was consistent across all plastic surgery topics (p<0.001). Both male and female senior authors had a significant increase in the number of co-authors (p<0.001). The regression model demonstrated that article type (cohort studies, basic science investigations, and systematic reviews) and geographical region (East Asia, Europe, North America, and South America) predicted more co-authors, whereas plastic surgery topics (aesthetic and hand surgery) predicted fewer authors. CONCLUSION: The number of authors per publication is increasing in plastic surgery. Author proliferation was consistent across most article types and unaffected by gender. Possible reasons behind this trend include research complexity, increased collaboration, or gift authorship.

Scientific production of an oral implantology journal: a 5-year bibliometric study

Oral implantology is a science in constant evolution, with a considerable number of articles being published every year in scientific journals. Publications can be analyzed through bibliometric analysis, thus observing the evolution and trends of the articles published in the journal. To evaluate, through bibliometric analysis, the scientific production of Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research (CIDRR) and its evolution and trends in the last 5 years (2016–2020).All articles published in CIDRR in the last 5 years were reviewed and classified according to the year of publication, volume, number, the number of authors, demographic data of the first and last author, the geographical scope of the article, the number of affiliations of the authors, research topic, type of study, and study design. The association between these variables and citation counts was also analyzed. 599 articles were analyzed. 77.4% were authored by 4–6 authors, obtaining 78.4% from 1 to 3 different affiliations. Male researchers predominated in both the first and last authorship. China showed the highest number of publications when comparing the origin of the authors’ affiliations individually; however, most researchers (40.9%) were from the European Union (EU)-Western Europe area. The most studied topic was the implant/abutment design/treatment of the surface (19.1%). Clinical research articles accounted for 92.99% of the publications, of which cross-sectional observational studies prevailed (21.7%). The presence of articles from the United States of America-Canada and EU-Western Europe was positively correlated with the impact factor. This study revealed an increasing trend in Asian research production, particularly Chinese, whereas production of European origin showed a decrease. Clinical studies increased their relative weight to the detriment of translational ones. A growing tendency in the relative weights of female authors was appreciated. Journal citations were associated with certain study variables.

Underrepresentation of Women in Late-Breaking Cardiovascular Clinical Trials.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality for women and men. Prior studies have demonstrated the underrepresentation of women in published clinical trials, but no study to date has assessed inclusion of women in late-breaking clinical trials (LBCTs) presented at national meetings. The objective is to characterize the inclusion of women participants in LBCT presented at the 2021 American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) annual meetings and identify trial characteristics associated with improved inclusion. Methods: LBCT presented at the 2021 ACC, AHA, and ESC meetings were identified and the inclusion of women as participants was assessed. The inclusion to prevalence ratio (IPR) was calculated by dividing the percentage of women participants by the percentage of women in the disease population. IPRs <1 indicate underenrollment of women. Of the 68 LBCT, 3 trials were excluded due to lack of subject matter relevance. Results: Inclusion of women ranged from 0% to 71%. Only 47.1% of trials reported sex-specific analyses. The average IPR was 0.76 for all trials and did not vary based on conference, trial center, geographic region, or funding source. The average IPR varied based on subspecialty, with a statistical difference between interventional cardiology and heart failure (0.65 vs. 0.88, p = 0.02). The average IPR was significantly lower for procedural studies compared with medication trials (0.61 vs. 0.78, p = 0.008), as well as for studies with mean age <65 and trial size <1500 participants. There was no difference in IPR based on female authorship. Conclusions: LBCT can impact novel drug and device approval, intervention indications, and patient management. Nonetheless, most LBCT underenroll women, particularly, procedural LBCT. In 2021, sex-based enrollment disparities persist, highlighting the need to engage key stakeholders, including funding organizations, national governing bodies, editorial board members, and medical societies, in the creation of a coordinated strategic initiative to advance gender parity. These findings warrant further investigation to increase inclusion of women in trials, including potential enrollment requirements for consideration as LBCT by meeting organizers.

Gynocriticism As Bolstered On Margaret Atwood's Giving Birth

Margaret Atwood is a female author who is known from her works that discuss intertwinement of women's relationships with the world. Giving Birth is one of her short stories published in 1977 that focused on an unnamed female narrator’s story that tells Jeanie’s experience who are preparing and finally undergoing the process of giving birth. Through this short story, the researchers indicated matter of gynocriticism by Elaine Showalter that describes women as writers. It also included matter of soul and psychoanalytic approach. Through qualitative method, this research underlines how giving birth is specific experience felt only by women from the existence of the womb. Pregnancy is the best experience of woman that could define herself as the main author of the future adventure of her baby. In conclusion, underlining gynocriticism in Giving Birth indicated true matters of identity of women beings. Then, the criticism also shows how those shape differences between male and female kind of literature.

From private pleasure to erotic spectacle: Adapting Bridgerton to female audience desires

In this article, we look at how medium and genre shaped the Netflix adaptation of the first two Bridgerton novels and mediated the depictions of sex and desire to fit medium-specific expectations surrounding sexual content made for women. The showrunners for Netflix’s Bridgerton (2020–present) articulated a desire to depict sex from a female perspective, and with a ‘female gaze’, but the series is also instrumental in defining that perspective in ways that often differ from the approach of the novels’ female author. The contrast between the original and the adaptation reveals social norms and beliefs about content that excites women as well as stark differences in print and television norms. In attempting to use a female gaze, the adaptation also constructs the female gaze as distinctly separate from what is depicted in the novels and as limited to specific forms of ‘looking’. We first explore how this is implicated in choices that were made about the adaptation of violent or aggressive sex for the show. Bridgerton avoids depictions of aggression present in the novel and falls back on traditional depictions of appropriate feminine desire. Secondarily, we discuss depictions of sexual consent in the novel and the series with a particular emphasis on the implications colour-blind-casting has for the depiction of violations of consent.

Male Versus Female Authorship in Flagship Pediatric Orthopaedic Journals From 2002 to 2021.

The evolution of female authorship in orthopaedic journals is reportedly rising, however, trends in pediatric orthopaedic publications have not been specifically studied, despite a higher proportion of female pediatric orthopaedic surgeons compared with orthopaedics at large. This study aimed to investigate trends in female first and senior authorship in 3 flagship pediatric orthopaedic journals over the past 20 years. All manuscripts from the "Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics Part B, and Journal of Children's Orthopaedics" from 2002 to 2021 were evaluated from Ovid MEDLINE, and the data were extracted. We utilized the sex "Application Program Interface" algorithm to determine the sex of the first and senior authors. χ 2 tests were used to analyze the demographics of the first and senior author cohorts. Fisher exact test was used to assess the trends in male and female authorship, controlling for year and journal. Of a total, 5499 individual first authors and 5794 senior authors were identified. Sex was determined for 83.5% of the authors. Female first authorship increased significantly from 2002 to 2021 (8.8% to 22.4%, P < 0.001), with women being more likely to publish as first authors in more recent years in each journal ( P < 0.001). Female senior authorship did not increase significantly over the same time period (10.8% to 12.8%, P = 0.238). There was significantly more male than female first and senior authors for all journals ( P <0.001 for both first and senior authors). While female first authorship in prominent pediatric orthopaedic journals has increased significantly from 2002 to 2021, senior authorship has remained stagnant. In addition, female pediatric orthopaedic surgeons publish at rates lower than their prevalence in the field. This study serves as a benchmark for future studies looking at sex and authorship in hopes of better understanding the underlying complex issues. Level III.