Fellow Team Members Research Articles

Who can I ask? How psychological safety affects knowledge sourcing among new product development team members

Knowledge source selection is a complex phenomenon that is often addressed from an organizational viewpoint; however, we know little about knowledge-seeking practices at the individual level. We examined knowledge sourcing in new product development (NPD) teams at the micro-level through the lens of psychological safety (PS). We investigated 1345 individuals at 85 software development teams in Pakistan to demonstrate how different levels of PS affected knowledge sourcing from three groups: within the team; within the organization; and outside the organization. Our results showed that individuals with high PS levels were more inclined to consult fellow team members and individuals with low PS levels were more likely to choose external sources. We also examined how the diversity of a team's composition affected the relationship between psychological safety and knowledge source selection. We explored the implications of these findings for managerial practice.

MetaGenSense: A web-application for analysis and exploration of high throughput sequencing metagenomic data.

The detection and characterization of emerging infectious agents has been a continuing public health concern. High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have proven to be promising approaches for efficient and unbiased detection of pathogens in complex biological samples, providing access to comprehensive analyses. As NGS approaches typically yield millions of putatively representative reads per sample, efficient data management and visualization resources have become mandatory. Most usually, those resources are implemented through a dedicated Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS), solely to provide perspective regarding the available information. We developed an easily deployable web-interface, facilitating management and bioinformatics analysis of metagenomics data-samples. It was engineered to run associated and dedicated Galaxy workflows for the detection and eventually classification of pathogens. The web application allows easy interaction with existing Galaxy metagenomic workflows, facilitates the organization, exploration and aggregation of the most relevant sample-specific sequences among millions of genomic sequences, allowing them to determine their relative abundance, and associate them to the most closely related organism or pathogen. The user-friendly Django-Based interface, associates the users' input data and its metadata through a bio-IT provided set of resources (a Galaxy instance, and both sufficient storage and grid computing power). Galaxy is used to handle and analyze the user's input data from loading, indexing, mapping, assembly and DB-searches. Interaction between our application and Galaxy is ensured by the BioBlend library, which gives API-based access to Galaxy's main features. Metadata about samples, runs, as well as the workflow results are stored in the LIMS. For metagenomic classification and exploration purposes, we show, as a proof of concept, that integration of intuitive exploratory tools, like Krona for representation of taxonomic classification, can be achieved very easily. In the trend of Galaxy, the interface enables the sharing of scientific results to fellow team members.

MetaGenSense: A web-application for analysis and exploration of high throughput sequencing metagenomic data

The detection and characterization of emerging infectious agents has been a continuing public health concern. High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have proven to be promising approaches for efficient and unbiased detection of pathogens in complex biological samples, providing access to comprehensive analyses. As NGS approaches typically yield millions of putatively representative reads per sample, efficient data management and visualization resources have become mandatory. Most usually, those resources are implemented through a dedicated Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS), solely to provide perspective regarding the available information. We developed an easily deployable web-interface, facilitating management and bioinformatics analysis of metagenomics data-samples. It was engineered to run associated and dedicated Galaxy workflows for the detection and eventually classification of pathogens. The web application allows easy interaction with existing Galaxy metagenomic workflows, facilitates the organization, exploration and aggregation of the most relevant sample-specific sequences among millions of genomic sequences, allowing them to determine their relative abundance, and associate them to the most closely related organism or pathogen. The user-friendly Django-Based interface, associates the users’ input data and its metadata through a bio-IT provided set of resources (a Galaxy instance, and both sufficient storage and grid computing power). Galaxy is used to handle and analyze the user’s input data from loading, indexing, mapping, assembly and DB-searches. Interaction between our application and Galaxy is ensured by the BioBlend library, which gives API-based access to Galaxy’s main features. Metadata about samples, runs, as well as the workflow results are stored in the LIMS. For metagenomic classification and exploration purposes, we show, as a proof of concept, that integration of intuitive exploratory tools, like Krona for representation of taxonomic classification, can be achieved very easily. In the trend of Galaxy, the interface enables the sharing of scientific results to fellow team members.

Effects of Team Emotional Authenticity on Virtual Team Performance.

Members of virtual teams lack many of the visual or auditory cues that are usually used as the basis for impressions about fellow team members. We focus on the effects of the impressions formed in this context, and use social exchange theory to understand how these impressions affect team performance. Our pilot study, using content analysis (n = 191 students), suggested that most individuals believe that they can assess others' emotional authenticity in online settings by focusing on the content and tone of the messages. Our quantitative study examined the effects of these assessments. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis (n = 81 student teams) suggested that team-level trust and teamwork behaviors mediate the relationship between team emotional authenticity and team performance, and illuminate the importance of team emotional authenticity for team processes and outcomes.

Cofactor of BRCA1: A new genetic marker for common malignant liver cancer

Cofactor of BRCA1: A new genetic marker for common malignant liver cancer

MetaGenSense: A web-application for analysis and exploration of high throughput sequencing metagenomic data

The detection and characterization of emerging infectious agents has been a continuing public health concern. High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have proven to be promising approaches for efficient and unbiased detection of pathogens in complex biological samples, providing access to comprehensive analyses. As NGS approaches typically yield millions of putatively representative reads per sample, efficient data management and visualization resources have become mandatory. Most usually, those resources are implemented through a dedicated Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS), solely to provide perspective regarding the available information. We developed an easily deployable web-interface, facilitating management and bioinformatics analysis of metagenomics data-samples. It was engineered to run associated and dedicated Galaxy workflows for the detection and eventually classification of pathogens. The web application allows easy interaction with existing Galaxy metagenomic workflows, facilitates the organization, exploration and aggregation of the most relevant sample-specific sequences among millions of genomic sequences, allowing them to determine their relative abundance, and associate them to the most closely related organism or pathogen. The user-friendly Django-Based interface, associates the users’ input data and its metadata through a bio-IT provided set of resources (a Galaxy instance, and both sufficient storage and grid computing power). Galaxy is used to handle and analyze the user’s input data from loading, indexing, mapping, assembly and DB-searches. Interaction between our application and Galaxy is ensured by the BioBlend library, which gives API-based access to Galaxy’s main features. Metadata about samples, runs, as well as the workflow results are stored in the LIMS. For metagenomic classification and exploration purposes, we show, as a proof of concept, that integration of intuitive exploratory tools, like Krona for representation of taxonomic classification, can be achieved very easily. In the trend of Galaxy, the interface enables the sharing of scientific results to fellow team members.

Should Management Practice Adapt to Cultural Values? The Evidence Against Power Distance Adaptation

Purpose We focus on the cultural concept of power distance to test whether or not culture-practice fit or universal supervisory practices are associated with team collaboration, innovation, current and future team performance. This test is possible because power distance is conceptually deconstructed and scales developed that reliably and validly differentiate between the societal level values and workplace practices. Next, drawing on these measures, we test the culture-fit-vs.-universal practices hypotheses in a sample of ethnically similar employees dispersed across the United States and India. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from a survey administered to employees and their supervisors in a Non-Western Multinational Corporation. Findings We find support for the universal-practices perspective in this study. Those Indian and local managers who were low in interpersonal power distance, regardless of their subordinates’ societal power-distance cultural values had better team collaboration, innovation, and future performance. Trust in fellow team members was found to mediate these relationships. Originality/value Findings from this study contribute to our understanding of power distance, and also provide insight into the central question of when and how management practices should be adapted to local cultures.

Team production, endogenous learning about abilities and career concerns

This paper studies career concerns in teams where the support a worker receives depends on fellow team members׳ efforts and abilities. In this setting, by exerting effort and providing support, a worker can influence her own and her teammates׳ project outputs in order to bias the learning process in her favor. To manipulate the market׳s assessment, we argue that in equilibrium, a worker has incentives to help or even sabotage her colleagues in order to signal that she is of higher ability. In a multiperiod stationary framework, we show that the stationary level of work effort is above and help effort is below their efficient levels.

Incivility hates company: Shared incivility attenuates rumination, stress, and psychological withdrawal by reducing self-blame

Although episodes of workplace incivility can lead to deleterious personal and performance outcomes, we suggest that differences in how incivility is experienced (i.e., as a singled-out target, or in the company of another who is also treated uncivilly) can have significant impact on the cognitions and behaviors that follow uncivil treatment. Drawing from Sociometer Theory, we test the notion that sharing the experience of incivility with another target can greatly diminish individual-level harm, and demonstrate that causal beliefs related to self-blame mediate consequent downstream effects. Using an experimental design within a team task environment, we found that experiencing incivility from a team member increased participants’ rumination about mistreatment, task-related stress levels, and psychological withdrawal behavior. Moreover, we found support for conditional indirect effects, such that viewing mistreatment of a fellow team member at the hands of the same uncivil team member (shared incivility) attenuates the harmful effects of incivility, by reducing self-blame.

The Role of Nurse Gaze in Patient-Nurse Interaction During Routine Intensive Care Unit Care (S703)

Structural inequality was also verified on clinical observations. Conclusion. This disconnect between direct contact with patients and families and perceived marginalization by the IDT created resentment among some aides and an attitude of resignation among others. Implications for Research, Policy or Practice. Despite their perceptions of their contributions to hospice care, aides felt undervalued by their fellow team members. Hospice aides are essential members of the IDT, and they represent a vulnerable workforce. Better integration of hospice aides may improve team collaborations in patient care, impact the retention of a skilled and essential workforce, and impact patient and caregiver support and outcomes.

How do Third Parties React to Injustice in Their Teams? The Role of Relationship Quality

Existing research on third party reactions to injustice implies that factors such as the third party‘s moral identity and perceived power relative to the perpetrator, influence third party reactions to injustice, but the influence of team dynamics has been largely ignored. Although research indicates that organizational justice is important on the team level, as team members learn how others are treated and develop shared perceptions of justice, the question of how these team dynamics influence third party reactions to injustice still remains unanswered. In this study we examine how relationship quality between the third party, the victim and the leader, influence third party reactions to the perceived mistreatment of their fellow team member. We do this by applying a series of metric conjoint analyses, in which participants assess a series of profiles and make a judgment about each profile, thus generating 1199 observations nested in 149 participants. Our findings suggest that the quality of the relation...

Emotion work in a mental health service setting

The purpose of this article is to describe emotion work within a crisis resolution home treatment team in Norway. As defined by Hochschild, “emotion work” refers to managing one’s emotions according to what is culturally acceptable within a particular situation. A crisis resolution home treatment team is of particular interest when studying emotion work, because it represents a working environment where mental health crises and suicidal threat are common and where managing emotions is necessary for the team to function well. We aimed to expand current knowledge of the particular ways in which emotion work may be done by observing and describing the daily work of such a team. Our analyses showed that team members’ emotion work had five main features: (1) emotional expression was common and there seemed to be an informal rule that “vulnerable” emotions could be expressed; (2) emotional expression was most commonly observed in post-event discussions of challenging events or service users; (3) emotional expression facilitated digesting or processing of the event with the help of a fellow team member; (4) emotional expression was met with validation and support; and (5) this support seemed to increase mentalization and understanding of the situation and could be offered only by other team members. An implication of these findings is that informal exchanges of emotion are a necessary part of the work and cannot occur outside of the work context.

Playing in the Sandbox: Considerations When Leading or Participating on a Multidisciplinary Research Team.

Research involves working to find answers to questions. Research questions of interest to pharmacists generally relate to any aspect of the discovery, effect, or use of medications, as well as the role of pharmacists within the health care system. This article describes the key aspects of leading or participating on a multidisciplinary research team so as to provide guidance to pharmacists involved in the research enterprise. The research questions that emerge from topics well suited to the expertise and experience of a pharmacist are often, by their inherent nature, best addressed by a team of people from different scientific backgrounds: individuals who can form a multidisci plinary team that will work together to develop and carry out all aspects of the research project. Although not all research questions require multidisciplinary research teams, it is beneficial to work as a team, with different perspectives, knowledge, and skills available to answer complex, multifaceted research questions. The team can integrate ideas across disciplines, advance thinking within and across disciplines, and go deeper and broader to create knowledge that can be used to develop novel, more meaningful solutions. Individual team members can also get to know new people (their fellow team members), achieve greater personal satisfaction, and have more fun along the way. Working as a team helps to improve knowledge translation of findings in multiple sectors, thereby increasing uptake and sustainability, and also creates wider networks and encourages development of professional relationships. Research funding agencies worldwide, including the

The relational nature of leadership identity construction: How and when it influences perceived leadership and decision-making

This paper empirically tests leadership identity construction theory (DeRue & Ashford, 2010), conceptually framing claiming and granting leadership as a negotiated process that influences leadership perceptions and decision-making in interdependent contexts. In Study 1a, an avatar video-based experimental vignette (replicated in Study 1b with a non-video scenario), we found that when a team member accepted an actor's leadership claim, observers' leadership ratings of the actor increased, whereas when the team member rejected the claim, observers' leadership ratings of the fellow team member increased. However, when an actor granted leadership, the fellow team member's response did not influence leadership ratings. Study 2 extended the conceptual model by identifying how claiming and granting influence leadership perceptions – through perceived competence – and when claiming and granting exert greatest influence, finding that women observers vary more in their responses to claiming and granting. The negotiated relational leader identity process ultimately influenced observer decision-making.

Team Production, Endogenous Learning About Abilities and Career Concerns

This paper studies career concerns in teams where the support a worker receives depends on fellow team members’ effort and ability. In this setting, by exerting effort and providing support, a worker can influence her own and her teammates’ performances in order to bias the learning process in her favor. To manipulate the market’s assessments, we argue that in equilibrium, a worker has incentives to help or even sabotage her colleagues in order to signal that she is of higher ability. In a multiperiod stationary framework, we show that the stationary level of work effort is above and help effort is below their efficient levels.

BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ENGINEERING AND THE TRADES THROUGH SERVICE LEARNING

Engineers and tradespeople have a longhistory of working together in a variety of industries. AtMemorial University, we are building that relationshipthrough service learning. In partnership with Togetherby Design, engineering students have the opportunity towork on community service projects with students,apprentices and journey persons from a variety of trades.Engineering students are able to learn from their fellowteam members, as well as share some of their own areasof expertise and skill. Through this collective learningprocess, relationships are established along with a mutualunderstanding of the value of teamwork.

MetaGenSense : A web application for analysis and visualization of high throughput sequencing metagenomic data

The detection and characterization of emerging infectious agents has been a continuing public health concern. High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) or Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have proven to be promising approaches for efficient and unbiased detection of pathogens in complex biological samples, providing access to comprehensive analyses. As NGS approaches typically yield millions of putatively representative reads per sample, efficient data management and visualization resources have become mandatory. Most usually, those resources are implemented through a dedicated Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS), solely to provide perspective regarding the available information. We developed an easily deployable web-interface, facilitating management and bioinformatics analysis of metagenomics data-samples. It was engineered to run associated and dedicated Galaxy workflows for the detection and eventually classification of pathogens. The web application allows easy interaction with existing Galaxy metagenomic workflows, facilitates the organization, exploration and aggregation of the most relevant sample-specific sequences among millions of genomic sequences, allowing them to determine their relative abundance, and associate them to the most closely related organism or pathogen. The user-friendly Django-Based interface, associates the users’ input data and its metadata through a bio-IT provided set of resources (a Galaxy instance, and both sufficient storage and grid computing power). Galaxy is used to handle and analyze the user’s input data from loading, indexing, mapping, assembly and DB-searches. Interaction between our application and Galaxy is ensured by the BioBlend library, which gives API-based access to Galaxy’s main features. Metadata about samples, runs, as well as the workflow results are stored in the LIMS. For metagenomic classification and exploration purposes, we show, as a proof of concept, that integration of intuitive exploratory tools, like Krona for representation of taxonomic classification, can be achieved very easily. In the trend of Galaxy, the interface enables the sharing of scientific results to fellow team members.

Narrative and Palliative Care Team Identity Formation

Palliative care is whole person care that attends to the physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs of persons with a serious or life-limiting illness. This care is provided by a team of clinicians from several disciplines including physicians, nurses, social workers, and chaplains. The palliative care team functions as a dynamic system whose ability to provide quality care is dependent upon the ability of the team members to form and maintain an ongoing collaborative alliance. This alliance requires that team members maintain dual commitments to both the care receivers and to their fellow team members. Just as persons with illness express the human propensity toward meaning making in the face of suffering, so palliative care teams thrive when they are supported in reflective processes that enhance their ability to find meaning in their work. Creation of and attention to team narratives and their role in team identity formation can enhance team members’ flourishing by placing team identity in the context of a larger story. Narratives of rescuing and fixing foster a sense of control and expertise while narratives of containing and healing nurture attention to mindful presence and human-to-human encounter.

Expertise dissimilarity and creativity: the contingent roles of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing.

In this study, we investigated whether team-level knowledge sharing moderates the effects of individual-level expertise dissimilarity on individual employees' creativity in research and development (R&D) project teams. Expertise dissimilarity--defined as the difference in expertise and knowledge between a focal team member and her or his fellow team members--was operationalized in terms of the research department to which each member belonged. In Study 1, multilevel analyses of data collected from 200 members of 40 R&D project teams in a telecommunications company revealed that a team member with expertise dissimilar to that of her or his teammates was more likely to exhibit creativity when the project team as a whole engaged in higher levels of tacit, rather than explicit, knowledge sharing. In contrast, a member whose expertise was similar to that of her or his teammates was more likely to exhibit creative behavior when the team engaged in higher levels of explicit, rather than tacit, knowledge sharing. These findings were largely replicated in Study 2 using data collected from 82 members of 25 project teams from another telecommunications company.

Workplace Social Exchange: Substitutes and Neutralizers of LMX in Team Contexts

The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated theoretical model of the simultaneous interplay of social exchange relationships with a supervisor (leader-member exchange: LMX) and fellow team members (team-member exchange: TMX) in organizational contexts. The model extends current theories related to LMX and TMX by integrating ideas from self-determination theory, identity-orientation theory, and a theory of team types to describe how these two relational variables combine to influence outcomes such as job satisfaction and job performance. Using longitudinal, multisource data from 439 employees on 61 teams, the results show a substitute effect in which high TMX buffers the negative effects of low-quality LMX on job satisfaction and job performance. Moreover, both a low relational identity and low authority differentiation within the team demonstrate a neutralizing effect on the otherwise positive effects of LMX.