Self-esteem Research Articles

The effectiveness of humanitarian aid in conflict zones: practitioner views on the transition from in-kind assistance to multi-purpose cash transfers

The views of humanitarian practitioners in Somalia, South Sudan, Tigray and Yemen are gathered to enlarge understanding on the extent to which multi-purpose cash transfers (CTs) are superseding in-kind assistance in meeting the needs of beneficiaries. The reasons for the choice between the two forms of assistance are exposed together with the identification of the constraints faced when planning and delivering aid in the context of on-going conflict. Key areas of concern for agencies are identified on achieving effective targeting, ensuring internal arrangements support cash transfers, maximising coordination between agencies, upholding human dignity and enhancing the role of women as beneficiaries. Overall, the findings suggest that multi-purpose cash transfers can be an effective form of assistance in conflict zones, and recommendations are made for agencies as they contemplate an expansion of this form of assistance.

Impact of Parenting Styles on Self-Esteem, Psychological Resilience, and Academic Performance

Parenting styles (PSs) have been a widely discussed topic in psychological research. The studies have shown that PSs influence self-esteem (SE), psychological resilience, and academic performance (AP) in different ways. SE, psychological resilience, and AP are key factors in individual development, playing an important role in promoting mental health and enhancing the ability to face challenges. SE boosts an individuals sense of self-worth, psychological resilience aids in overcoming difficulties, and good AP lays the foundation for future personal and professional growth. However, the underlying mechanisms and the extent of these influences remain inconsistent. This study, therefore, aims to conduct a literature review to synthesize recent findings on these three topics and provide a useful basis for educational and family interventions. The research findings indicate that authoritative parenting is positively correlated with childrens psychological resilience, SE, and AP, while negative PSs, such as authoritarian and permissive styles, are negatively correlated with these aspects of child development. These results emphasize the importance of encouraging caregivers to adopt authoritative parenting practices to support healthy development in children.

DeepDrug as an expert guided and AI driven drug repurposing methodology for selecting the lead combination of drugs for Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) significantly aggravates human dignity and quality of life. While newly approved amyloid immunotherapy has been reported, effective AD drugs remain to be identified. Here, we propose a novel AI-driven drug-repurposing method, DeepDrug, to identify a lead combination of approved drugs to treat AD patients. DeepDrug advances drug-repurposing methodology in four aspects. Firstly, it incorporates expert knowledge to extend candidate targets to include long genes, immunological and aging pathways, and somatic mutation markers that are associated with AD. Secondly, it incorporates a signed directed heterogeneous biomedical graph encompassing a rich set of nodes and edges, and node/edge weighting to capture crucial pathways associated with AD. Thirdly, it encodes the weighted biomedical graph through a Graph Neural Network into a new embedding space to capture the granular relationships across different nodes. Fourthly, it systematically selects the high-order drug combinations via diminishing return-based thresholds. A five-drug lead combination, consisting of Tofacitinib, Niraparib, Baricitinib, Empagliflozin, and Doxercalciferol, has been selected from the top drug candidates based on DeepDrug scores to achieve the maximum synergistic effect. These five drugs target neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and glucose metabolism, which are all related to AD pathology. DeepDrug offers a novel AI-and-big-data, expert-guided mechanism for new drug combination discovery and drug-repurposing across AD and other neuro-degenerative diseases, with immediate clinical applications.

Patient's sexual dignity discomfort in healthcare setting: A concept development.

Background: Body touch and close physical proximity are inevitable in some healthcare procedures and can evoke feelings of shame, humiliation, and anger in patients. Given the increasing recognition of human dignity, exploring the occurrence of these negative emotional experiences and identifying mechanisms for their prevention are crucial.Aim: To develop and define the concept of "patient's sexual dignity discomfort." Design: A hybrid model of concept development was utilized.Methods: In the theoretical phase, a scoping review was conducted to establish a working definition of patient's sexual dignity discomfort. This definition was refined and validated using qualitative data collected during the fieldwork phase. In the analytical phase, a final conceptual model of patient's sexual dignity discomfort was proposed by integrating findings from both the theoretical and fieldwork phases.Ethical considerations: All participants completed an informed consent process, and interviews were conducted via Zoom or phone by a certified psychiatric nurse to ensure confidentiality, anonymity, and comfort.Results: Four themes describing attributes of patient's sexual dignity discomfort were explored: experiencing shame and embarrassment, vulnerability-induced loss of control, dehumanization and objectification, and uncertain sexual autonomy. Patient's sexual dignity discomfort occurs when patients perceive care procedures as sexually inappropriate or as involving unnecessary sexual activity, particularly when healthcare providers display unprofessional attitudes or when patients lack consent or are not mentally prepared for the procedure because of insufficient information. This discomfort leads patients to refuse or avoid healthcare treatments and prioritize finding better healthcare services over their health. It can also prompt providers to avoid patients, resulting in a compromised quality of care and poor health outcomes.Conclusions: Patient's sexual dignity discomfort poses a significant threat to the quality of patient care and preservation of dignity. Nurses can trigger this intentionally or unintentionally, highlighting the need for comprehensive education and training to prevent it.

Equity in Education Management: Bridging the Gap and Policy Disparities for Non-ASN Teachers

This study explores the legal and human rights challenges faced by non-ASN teachers in Indonesia, emphasizing the fundamental right to education and the professional rights of teachers as a cornerstone of equitable development. The research highlights the urgency of addressing systemic inequities in the compensation, benefits, and job security of non-ASN teachers compared to their ASN counterparts. Employing a normative legal approach supported by empirical data, the study examines legislative frameworks and their practical applications in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The findings reveal significant gaps in policy and practice, which undermine not only the professional dignity of non-ASN teachers but also their basic human rights, including the right to fair compensation and protection from discrimination. These disparities contravene national and international human rights standards and hinder the fulfillment of Indonesia's constitutional mandate to promote education for all. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for legal and policy reforms to ensure fair treatment, professional recognition, and human rights protection for all teachers, thereby strengthening Indonesia’s education system and upholding human dignity. The government’s responsibility to uphold teachers' rights is essential for fulfilling its broader commitment to human rights and education as a constitutional right.

Towards a European End-of-Life Regulation: A Necessary Analysis

Background/Objectives: Biomedical progress has extended the lifespan of patients with incurable diseases, sparking debates about their desire to live under certain conditions. This study examines the ethical and legal challenges surrounding end-of-life issues in Europe, including informed consent, the refusal of treatment, the right to health, self-determination, advance directives, assisted suicide, and euthanasia. European countries exhibit different interpretations and regulations of these practices, leading to patient “migrations” seeking favorable legal environments. Methods: This study analyzes end-of-life legislation across European countries in a comparative and qualitative way, highlighting differences, commonalities, and the potential for uniform regulation. The data were collected from the literature published between 2000 and 2024, focusing on the EU member states, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Results: The examination of the norms governing end-of-life practices in various European countries revealed significant differences in legislative frameworks, reflecting diverse cultural, ethical, and legal perspectives. These variations have led to patient migrations in search of suitable legal environments to end their lives with dignity. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for a harmonized approach to end-of-life legislation in Europe to ensure equitable access to end-of-life care and to uphold human dignity. Continuous legal updates and comparative studies are essential to balance medical advancements with ethical considerations. The findings emphasize the importance of autonomy and self-determination, which are fundamental human rights that should be respected in the context of end-of-life decisions.

The Nude in the renaissance: Unveiling the world and revealing human dignity

The Nude in the renaissance: Unveiling the world and revealing human dignity

Cross-cutting competencies for human rights education in Chile: rethinking music teacher education from the perspective of global competence

The OECD has shifted toward global competence assessment to promote education focused on an inclusive and sustainable world, thus protecting human dignity as outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Teacher education programs should incorporate global competence into curriculum designs, and music teacher education is no exception. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of a set of cross-cutting competencies for music education oriented toward global competence and human rights education. The research method used is a proof-of-concept, as the set of competencies will be appraised as an incipient product by academic staff members at various music teacher education programs from around Chile. The findings show the strengths of cross-cutting competencies, pertaining mostly to an intertwining of elements of disciplinarity, teaching, and research related to music and its education. Some weaknesses were also identified, including the high number of cross-cutting competencies proposed. The set has been validated by experts, allowing for its continued refinement and empirical application in other contexts linked to music teacher education.

Islamic Approach to Violations against the Sanctity of the Deceased: A Case Study on Necrophilia in Islam

This article investigates the legal implications of necrophilia within the framework of Islamic law, specifically addressing whether such acts can be categorized as zinā ‘adultery’. The primary aim of this research is to analyze how Islamic teachings interpret and regulate sexual relations with deceased individuals, with a focus on the fundamental principles of human dignity and sanctity. Utilizing a qualitative method alongside a case study approach, this study involves a comprehensive review of Islamic texts, legal cases, and scholarly interpretations. The data sources encompass Islamic literature, the Qur'an, Hadith, and legal references, including scientific journals and academic books. The theoretical framework is anchored in the concepts of maqāşid syarī’ah, particularly the preservation of religion ‘ḥifẓ al-dīn’, intellect ‘ḥifẓ al-aql’, and life ‘ḥifẓ al-nafs’. The findings indicate that necrophilia is regarded as a serious violation under Islamic law, representing a breach of both moral and legal standards, which results in stringent penalties. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of upholding the dignity of the human body after death, as mandated by Islamic law. This research contributes by clarifying how Islamic law addresses necrophilia and reinforcing societal norms related to the sanctity of life and death.

An Overview at Humanitarian Rights in the Life of the Prophet

The term "human right" is one of the most widely used concepts in the field of international relations. Although this term entered Western legal literature after the 16th century, its principles and rules can be found in the political-military life of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his Islamic educations. Human rights refer to all the lawful rights and privileges that Islamic regulation recognizes for enemies. The main purpose of these rights is to ensure respect for human dignity and to generalize human rights principles in international law relating to armed conflicts. Understanding the place of this law in the prophetic life is of particular importance. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method based on library studies, has analyzed and examined the performance of humanitarian rights in the political-military life of the Prophet (peace be upon him). The findings of this research show that human rights were severely and completely observed in all the campaigns and missions of the period of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and offenders were prosecuted. Following to the principles of chivalry, refraining from using inhumane methods in war, supporting women and children, protecting the elderly and disabled, and prohibiting the use of weapons of mass destruction were among the key principles in the Prophet's life.

Maternity behind and beyond bars: analysis from the perspective of protection bioethics.

to analyze how motherhood is expressed in female prison units from the perspective of Bioethics of Protection. qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, developed in two women's prison units. Participantes were: six mothers deprived of liberty, 15 health professionals, and nine prison officers. For data collection, semi-structured interviews and descriptive observation were used. Data analysis was based on the Content Analysis technique, thematic category. three categories emerged: women and children violated behind bars (inequities); mothers and children in prison exacerbating imbalances, tensions and conflicts; and limits and references for resocialization. the Bioethics of Protection proposal appears as a valid tool for the analytical direction of the process of confronting issues in the scope of public health in prison units, considering vulnerable groups and aiming at equity and human dignity.

Perspectiva de género en el Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), México: Construyendo una cultura de paz

The National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) is a Mexican public institution of higher education, currently comprising 102 academic units, founded in 1936 by Lázaro Cárdenas. The teaching staff, predominantly composed of military personnel, established a rigid, authoritarian, and patriarchal culture with gender-based violence. In 2001, the Institutional Educational Model introduced a holistic approach, facilitating the inclusion of a human rights course in the engineering curriculum. Despite the implementation of the current Model 4.0, the institutional culture has largely remained unchanged. In response, a gender perspective was introduced in 2009, followed by the establishment of the Polytechnic Unit for Gender Management in 2012. This unit created the Gender Network to extend its reach across the entire Institute, with the goal of eradicating the prevailing machismo. Today, the IPN is committed to adhering to both national and international regulations, such as the International Bill of Human Rights, the 2030 Agenda, and the CEDAW. In 2019, the IPN became the first national institution to implement a protocol for the “Prevention, Detection, Response, and Sanction of Gender Violence.” The Gender Network at ESIME Culhuacán unit identifies stereotypes that undermine human dignity; to contribute to their eradication, the unit implements denunciation campaigns against violence, harassment, and bullying, while it provides training on Human Rights, Feminism, Masculinities, Gender, and Education for Peace. Research is also conducted, such as the study on Gender Culture in the degree programs at ESIME Culhuacán, IPN (project number 20231736), which employs a postmodern feminist, constructivist approach.

Implications of Human Meta-Competencies for Liberal Education from a Multi-Stage Life Perspective

This study critiques the traditional sequential life paradigm in an era marked by longevity and technological innovation, and introduces the multi-stage life approach, as proposed by Lynda Gratton, Andrew Scott, and Mauro F. Guillén, as a compelling alternative. The multi-stage life approach challenges the rigid, time-bound notion that life progresses in distinct phases education, work, and retirement, or play, education, work, and retirement each tied to specific age groups. Instead, it advocates for a more flexible and personalized trajectory, where individuals can, through deliberate choices, create new stages or dynamically rearrange and combine education, work, retirement, and leisure to shape a life that aligns with their preferences and circumstances. Based on this model, this study further conceptualizes the ideal individual as the ‘Perennial’—someone who continuously unlocks and expresses their potential across the lifespan. The Perennial’s meta-competencies are classified into ‘decision-making competence’, ‘transformative competence’, and ‘transcultural competence’. Within this framework, the study provides forward-looking insights into the evolving role and developmental imperatives of liberal education in nurturing human dignity.

A brief war dictionary

The essay, A Brief War Dictionary, explores the nuanced and often contradictory language surrounding war, conflict, and peace. Through a series of reflective and incisive entries, the author examines terms such as "civilians," "genocide," and "education," revealing how language shapes perceptions, ideologies, and narratives of war. The work interrogates the ethical implications of terms used in war discourse and critiques the impact of ideological rigidity and propaganda. Additionally, it highlights human dignity and the role of education as a counterbalance to the divisiveness of war, advocating for intercultural understanding and dialogue. This thought-provoking essay challenges readers to consider the intersection of language, ideology, and humanity in the context of modern conflicts.

PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENYELUDUPAN MANUSIA DARI DAN LUAR INDONESIA

Immigration in Indonesia is regulated by Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration, which replaced the previous immigration law, Law Number 9 of 1992. The law states that anyone who enters or exits Indonesia without undergoing immigration inspection, or without valid travel documents or visas, will be subject to criminal sanctions. The legal foundation for human trafficking offenses is also outlined in Law Number 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. Immigration matters are closely related to the movement of people across international borders, which has increased in the era of globalization and free trade, and has now become a concern for countries around the world, including Indonesia. Smuggling, which involves trafficking people for exploitation or physical and psychological abuse, is a violation of human dignity. The method used in this research is sociological legal research. Based on the results, it is known that law enforcement at the Bengkalis Immigration Checkpoint Office (TPI) is in accordance with the provisions set out in the Immigration Law. However, challenges remain, such as limited human resources, inadequate infrastructure, and suboptimal coordination between agencies. Handling human trafficking requires active involvement from various parties, including the police, customs, and other related agencies, to strengthen oversight and prevent this transnational crime. This research concludes that to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement, there needs to be enhanced training for officers, improvement of inspection facilities and infrastructure, and strengthened cooperation between agencies involved in the prevention and prosecution of human trafficking. Additionally, a broader socialization to the public regarding the dangers and impacts of human trafficking should also be conducted to strengthen preventive efforts.

THE DIPLOMACY OF THE HOLY SEE IN THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT

This article explores the Holy See’s enduring impact, moral authority, religious diplomacy, and peacebuilding efforts in one of the world’s most protracted conflicts. It examines the Holy See’s engagement, from its early support of the 1947 UN Partition Plan to its 2015 official recognition of the State of Palestine, emphasizing its advocacy for peaceful coexistence and the rights of both Israelis and Palestinians. Key milestones include the 1993 Fundamental Agreement with Israel, the 2000 Basic Agreement with the Palestinian Liberation Organization, and Pope Francis’s groundbreaking 2014 prayer meeting with Israeli and Palestinian leaders. Through decades of humanitarian aid, interfaith dialogue, and moral diplomacy, the Vatican has sought to elevate the global discourse on justice, human dignity, and reconciliation. Despite the limitations imposed by entrenched political complexities, the Vatican continues to advocate for a two-state solution, the protection of Jerusalem’s sacred status, and an end to violence.

Современная нормотивно-правовая концепция защиты чести и достоинства

The purpose of the study is that honor and dignity are the most important type of non-property personal rights that enter into an inseparable life together with a person. This right must be constantly studied from a scientific point of view in accordance with social changes and suggest ways to solve problems and contradictions that arise in practice. The work consists in assessing the honor and dignity of an individual through a comparative analysis of the legislation of neighboring countries and a scientific approach to the problems arising in the norms of national legal norms. Methods used - the work uses general scientific and special methods of cognition (normative, comparative legal, theoretical analysis and extension, systemic and functional approaches). In addition, historical, legal, logical, philosophical, dialectical, analytical and, most importantly, psychological methods were used. The results achieved are the importance of protecting honor and dignity in modern conditions of information technology development in scientific work, the responsibility of legal entities in this matter, the consequences and sanction of offenses against honor and dignity, ethics of representatives of the branch of science, as well as some issues related to the protection of honor and dignity of the deceased and specific recommendations are given. A brief summary. The honor and dignity of a person never erases its significance and relevance during the existence of mankind on earth. This scientific article is intended for young people and representatives of the scientific community interested in the Institute of legal protection of human honor and dignity. The work is presented as a scientific work that has achieved its goal, completed and relevant.

Tolerance Limits of Cruelty in the Philosophy of the 20th Century: The Possibility of an Ambivalent Interpretation

Purpose. The research explores the ambivalent interpretations of the tolerance limits of cruelty in 20th-century philosophy. Theoretical basis. The research is based on the concepts of Jean-Paul Sartre, Georges Bataille, and Albert Camus, who do not justify cruelty but demonstrate its potential legitimacy under certain circumstances. Originality. The authors have identified three main perspectives on tolerating cruelty, which form the foundation for an ambivalent interpretation. These perspectives include the justification of cruelty as necessary in the struggle for social justice (Sartre), the justification of cruelty towards oneself as a consequence of human rights and freedoms (Camus), and the justification of epistemological cruelty as a means to expand the boundaries of knowledge (Bataille). Conclusions. The ambivalent interpretation of cruelty, as exemplified by Bataille, Camus, and Sartre, blurs the tolerance limits of cruelty and creates opportunities for manipulations that may infringe upon people’s rights and freedoms. If Camus’s concept remains within the limits of respect for human dignity, then in Sartre’s interpretation, a person can be perceived as a tool for social struggle, and in Bataille – as an opportunity to gain a new ecstatic experience through cruel treatment of others.

Hohol’s Anthropological Project in the Russian Empire

Purpose. To reconstruct Hohol’s point of view on his anthropological project, that is, to identify his answers to the question of what a person is in the dimensions of the essential and the proper. In other words, it is about clarifying Hohol’s position on the principles of Ukrainian existence in the russian empire. Theoretical basis. Our view of Hohol’s legacy is based on the conceptual positions of phenomenology, existentialism and hermeneutics. Originality. For the first time, an attempt is made to study Hohol’s legacy as a development of an anthropological project. In the process of its implementation, the authors reconstructed the main dimensions of this project, using the biography of the thinker, his correspondence, and texts. Close attention to the peculiarities of Hohol’s anthropology allows us to approach the understanding of the theoretical paradoxes of the writer’s worldview and the factors of his early death as a personal life tragedy of a patriot of Ukraine. The point is that Hohol, in the process of searching for forms of realising his high calling, set himself the task of substantiating a utopian goal. For him, the ways of building russia as a great power involve the emasculation of the basic values of European culture and the humiliation of human dignity. Conclusions. In the course of the study of Mykola Hohol’s works, the authors have identified: a) the importance of worldview and philosophical issues; b) the problems of man in his heritage. It is argued that Mykola Hohol, solving the problem of outlining the general features of human nature, at an early stage of his work demonstrated optimism and expressive life-affirming features rooted in Ukrainian centrism. Significant changes in our thinker’s worldview led to his attempts to substantiate an alternative version of the European anthropological project, which involves justifying the insignificance of the average russian citizen and the empire itself at the cost of denying the achievements of European philosophy and science. The painful experience of this theoretical dissonance was a prerequisite for Mykola Vasylyovych’s early tragic death. Today, it is a kind of warning about the impossibility of combining Ukrainian and russian culture, that is, the danger of a nihilistic attitude towards the achievements of European culture, of which Ukraine is an integral part. The authors associate the prospects for further study of Hohol’s legacy with focusing on his: a) criticism of the Enlightenment and b) clarification of the forms of substantive rootedness of his work in Ukrainian philosophy, primarily in the teachings of Hryhorii Skovoroda.

Human Dignity and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Basis for a Catholic Ethics on AI.

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has caught the attention of the world as it challenges the status quo on human operations. As AI has dramatically impacted education, healthcare, industry, and economics, a Catholic ethical study of human dignity in the context of AI in healthcare is presented in this article. The debates regarding whether AI will usher well or doom the dignity of humankind are occasioned by increasing developments of technology in patient care and medical decision-making. This paper draws from Catholic ethics, especially the concepts of inherent human dignity, the sanctity of human life, and morality in the medical field. It talks about using AI to upgrade healthcare outcomes without losing the essential humanity of human dignity in medical practice. It also touches on the most likely ethical issues: the morality of AI-related decisions and the depersonalization of health care. Finally, it provides a framework that brings AI development in tandem with a Catholic vision of human dignity and supports a healthcare system that caters to the common good but correctly respects the irreplaceable value of the human person and highlights moral responsibility.