Feelings Of Distrust Research Articles

Coworkers' Perspectives on Mentoring Relationships.

Research into workplace mentoring is primarily focused on the experiences and perceptions of individuals involved in the relationship, while there is scarcely any research focusing on the impact of mentoring relationships on their social environment. This exploratory research aims to give insight into how coworkers’ perceptions and experiences of informal mentoring relationships in their workgroup are related to their perceptions of workgroup functioning. The results of 21 semistructured interviews show that coworkers believe that mentoring relationships affect their workgroup’s functioning by influencing both their workgroup’s performance and climate. Coworkers applied an instrumental perspective and described how they think that mentoring relationships both improve and hinder their workgroup’s performance as they influence the individual functioning of mentor and protégé, the workgroup’s efficiency, and organizational outcomes. Furthermore, coworkers applied a relational perspective and described how mentoring relationships may influence their workgroup’s climate in primarily negative ways as they may be perceived as a subgroup, cause feelings of distrust and envy, and are associated with power issues. The results of this study emphasize the importance of studying mentoring relationships in their broader organizational context and set the groundwork for future research on mentoring relationships in workgroups.

Farming for Walmart: the politics of corporate control and responsibility in the global South

To analyse corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a business tool and as a way to promote food security in the global South, this article draws on 65 interviews with supply chain personnel and a 2013 survey of 250 smallholder farmers in Nicaragua. Contrary to private governance literature, Walmart's efforts to control supply chains in Nicaragua are not advancing rural sustainability; feelings of mistrust and unfairness persist among farmers, and many are returning to local markets to regain independence. This analysis extends our understanding of why CSR is failing to help agrarian societies and confirms CSR as principally a business strategy.

Latino caregiver experiences with asthma health communication.

In this article, we analyze qualitative data from a purposeful sample of limited English proficiency (LEP) asthma health caregivers. We used ethnically concordant, semistructured, in-depth Spanish-language interviews and a follow-up focus group to explore issues related to communication during pediatric asthma encounters in medical settings. Inductive coding of Spanish transcripts by a bilingual research team was performed until thematic saturation was reached. Several key findings emerged. LEP caregivers encountered significant asthma burdens related to emotional stress, observed physical changes, and communication barriers. Language-discordant communication and the use of ad hoc interpreters were common. This finding is complex, and was influenced by perceptions of interpreter availability, delays in care, feelings of mistrust toward others, and individual emotional responses. Language-concordant education and suitable action plans were valued and desired. We discuss a revealing depiction of the LEP caregiver experience with asthma health communication and recommend areas for further inquiry.

Navigating the Fault Lines in Civic Food Networks

Civic food networks have emerged as a civil society–driven response to the social, economic, and environmental shortcomings of the industrial food system. They are differentiated from other forms of alternative food networks in that they emphasize cooperation over independence, focus on participatory democratic governance over hierarchy, and serve both social and economic functions for participants. Yet there is little understanding of the processes of cooperation, particularly among farmers, in civic food networks. In this five-year action research project we documented the development of a farmer-driven civic food network in southern Manitoba on the Canadian Prairies. We explore the relations among farmers to better understand the potential of civic food networks to contribute to a more resilient and locally controlled food system. Our findings highlight the tensions and power dynamics that arise through the processes of re-embedding farmers in more interdependent relations. Fractures occurred in the group when negotiating the diverse needs and values of participants, which manifested in disputes over the balance of economic and extra-economic organizational pursuits, over the nature of the cooperative distribution model, and over quality standards. Asymmetrical power relations also emerged related to gender and generational differences. Although social embeddedness and civic governance did lead to enhanced relations and trust, these positive outcomes were unevenly distributed and coexisted with feelings of distrust and acrimony. In order to realize their full potential, proponents of civic food networks must confront difference in order to embrace the strength that comes from diversity in the process of building more resilient, and civic, food networks.

EPA-0226 – Neuropsychological phenotype of 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome

Introduction Rapid progress in genetic techniques has revealed several novel microdeletion syndromes that, besides their relationship with intellectual disabilities, are frequently associated with an etiologically specific neuropsychiatric, neuropsychological, neurological or somatic phenotype. Objectives Investigating the neuropsychiatric phenotype of 16p11.2 microdeletion. Aims Extensive diagnostic evaluation of a 32-years-old male patient with autistic-like symptoms and a history of periodic regressive and catatonic behaviours. Methods Detailed genetic, neuropsychiatric and neuropsychologivcal examination. Results The patient failed to complete his university studies due to social and motivational mismatch (problems with inititative and structuring of daily life). Aged 25 a diagnosis of Asperger's disorder was made and the patient was admitted to a specialized department for diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. EEG, MRI, and DAT-SPECT were all normal. The diagnosis was confirmed and he subsequently entered a sheltered home facility. Several years later he was referred for detailed re-evaluation of his persistent amotivational behaviour for which no explanation could be given. At examination, no dysmorphic features were found. His behaviour showed autistic-like elements. No major psychiatric symptoms could be detected. Neuropsychological assessment revealed a KAIT Total IQ of 112 and undisturbed cognitive functions. As to personality and social interaction, an anxious disposition and feelings of distrust were noticed that established a marked vulnerability to psychotic experiences. Microarray analysis showed a de novo interstitial deletion of 970kb in 16p11.2. Conclusion Here a never reported 16p11.2. microdeletion syndrome was demonstrated that appeared to be associated with a specific neuropsychological phenotype characterized by psychosis proneness.

When the selfish suffer: evidence for selective prosocial emotional and physiological responses to suffering egoists

Prosociality is fundamental to social relationships, but providing it indiscriminately risks exploitation by egoists. Past work demonstrates that individuals avoid these risks through a more selective form of prosociality, cooperating less and sharing fewer resources with egoists (e.g. Axelrod & Hamilton, 1981). The evolution of cooperation. Science, 211(4489), 1390–1396). We extend this work to explore whether individuals experience reduced prosocial affective and physiological responses to egoists in situations where they are suffering. In two studies, participants learned of a target’s egoistic or non-egoistic traits, and then encountered the target suffering. Suffering egoists evoked less compassion in others than non-egoists and elicited physiological responses that diverged from patterns associated with compassion and social engagement (reduced heart rate and greater respiratory sinus arrhythmia activity). Participants' feelings of distrust toward egoists explained these attenuated emotional and physiological responses. These results build upon studies of prosocial behavior by suggesting that individuals experience reduced prosocial emotional and physiological responses toward suffering egoists.

Determinants of between-country differences in ambulatory antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Europe: a longitudinal observational study

To identify key determinants explaining country-year variations in antibiotic use and resistance. Ambulatory antibiotic use data [in defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DIDs)] for 19 European countries from 1999 to 2007 were collected, along with 181 variables describing countries in terms of their agriculture, culture, demography, disease burden, education, healthcare organization and socioeconomics. After assessing data availability, overlap and relevance, multiple imputation generalized estimating equations were applied with a stepwise selection procedure to select significant determinants of global antibiotic use (expressed in DIDs), relative use of subgroups (amoxicillin and co-amoxiclav) and resistance of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Relative humidity, healthcare expenditure proportional to gross domestic product, feelings of distrust, proportion of population aged >65 years and availability of treatment guidelines were associated with higher total antibiotic use expressed in DIDs. Restrictions on marketing activities towards prescribers, population density, number of antibiotics, educational attainment and degree of atheism were associated with a lower number of total DIDs used. Relative prescribing of amoxicillin and co-amoxiclav was mainly determined by healthcare system choices [e.g. general practitioner (GP) registration and restricted marketing]. Specific antibiotic use was found to be a significant determinant of resistance for some but not all drug/organism combinations. Incentives to stimulate GP gatekeeping were associated with lower levels of resistance, and life expectancy at age 65+ and atheism were associated with more resistance. Myriad factors influence antibiotic use and resistance at the country level and an important part of these can be modified by policy choices.

Religious Features of Curanderismo Training and Practice

The purpose of this study is to investigate religious features of curanderismo, specifically the role of ostensibly Roman Catholic beliefs and practices in the training and work of curandero/as. The integration of religious beliefs and practices within the rituals of curanderismo and how this potential clash of worldviews negatively and positively impacts clients and practitioners are examined. Interviews were conducted with practicing curandero/as and clients who had sought their services. Factors observed to have potential to facilitate healing include psychological reassurance gained through incorporating familiar religious beliefs and paraphernalia and the therapeutic healing property of features of curanderismo practice, such as herbs used in many remedies. Negative effects may result from feelings of distrust, fear, and embarrassment engendered by seeking care from a curandero/a. Future research targeting the complexities of the relationship between Roman Catholicism and curanderismo might focus specifically on how negotiating this conflict of worldviews may affect health.

Fumbling at Your Soul

Fumbling at Your Soul

Criança dependente de tecnologia: a experiência do cuidado materno

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender a experiência materna no cuidado ao filho dependente de tecnologia. Utilizamos a abordagem do estudo de caso etnográfico tendo como instrumentos de coleta de dados os genograma e ecomapa, entrevista aberta e observação. Os dados foram organizados em três unidades de significados: a busca pelas causas e por culpados; a alta hospitalar e as demandas para o cuidado e as redes de apoio. O estudo permitiu conhecer a experiência materna em busca por explicações, bem como os sentimentos de desconfiança, insegurança e insatisfação relacionados ao serviço de saúde. Ainda a apropriação da mãe em relação aos cuidados à criança e no que se refere à organização do ambiente domiciliar para recebê-la, a utilização das redes de apoio, destacando a carência de vínculos com familiares e vizinhos e a busca formal e informal para garantir a subsistência da criança doente e dos demais filhos.

Estilos de comunicación intrafamiliar en jóvenes adictos de una Clínica de Medicina Familiar de la ciudad de México

<p><strong><em>Resumen</em></strong></p><p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> identificar los estilos de comunicación que prevalecen en las familias con hijos adictos y como se traducen en conductas que contribuyen o no a mantener las adicciones de acuerdo con el significado atribuido por las familias. <strong>Material y métodos:</strong> estudio cualitativo e interpretativo de tres familias con adolescentes adictos, los cuales acuden a la Unidad de Medicina Familiar (UMF) “Gustavo A. Madero” del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE). Se realizó un muestreo no aleatorio, por conveniencia de seis personas: tres madres y tres hijos, utilizando la técnica de entrevistas semiestructuradas y audiograbadas; la participación fue voluntaria, se protegió su identidad con el anonimato, se respetó su dignidad y se aseguró la confidencialidad de sus testimonios. <strong>Resultados:</strong> los adolescentes adictos de las tres familias crecieron en hogares con patrones de comunicación negativos y violentos, asociados a conductas disfuncionales (bajo rendimiento escolar, relaciones interpersonales agresivas así como sentimientos de desconfianza, inseguridad, y abandono), las cuales afectaron su desarrollo cognitivo, relacional y emocional. En este contexto el consumo de sustancias adictivas aparece como un mecanismo de evasión ante la disyuntiva de enfrentar y modificar sus pautas de interacción. De esta manera, también se explica el papel homeostático de la adicción con el propósito de desviar la atención sobre otra situación familiar. <strong>Conclusiones:</strong> con patrones de comunicación más reflexivos y propositivos, cambian los estilos para afrontar los conflictos, evitando que se hagan crónicos. La comunicación adecuada protege a las familias e influye en otros contextos minimizando las influencias sociales adversas.</p>

Procedural justice and quality of life in compensation processes

BackgroundThere is considerable evidence that being involved in compensation processes has a negative impact on claimants’ health. Previous studies suggested that this negative effect is caused by a stressful compensation process: claimants suffered from a lack of communication, a lack of information, and feelings of distrust. However, these rather qualitative findings have not been quantitatively investigated yet. This observational study aimed to fill this gap of knowledge, investigating the claimants’ perceived fairness of the compensation process, the provided information, and the interaction with lawyers and insurance companies, in relation to the claimants’ quality of life. MethodParticipants were individuals injured in traffic accidents, older than 18 years, who were involved in a compensation process in the Netherlands. They were recruited by three claims settlement offices. Outcome measures were procedural, interactional, and informational justice, and quality of life. ResultsParticipants (n=176) perceived the interaction with lawyers to be fairer than the interaction with insurance companies (p<.001). The length of hospital stay was positively associated with procedural justice (β=.31, p<.001). Having trunk/back injury was negatively related to procedural justice (β=−.25, p=.001). Whiplash injury and length of time involved in the claim process were not associated with any of the justice scales. Finally, procedural justice was found to be positively correlated with quality of life (rs=.22, p=.004). DiscussionThe finding that the interaction with insurance companies was considered less fair than the interaction with lawyers may imply that insurers could improve their interaction with claimants, e.g. by communicating more directly. The result that claimants with mild injuries and with trunk/back injuries considered the compensation process to be less fair than those with respectively severe injuries and injuries to other body parts suggests that especially the former two require an attentive treatment. Finally, the fact that procedural justice was positively correlated with quality of life could implicate that it is possible to improve claimants’ health in compensation processes by enhancing procedural justice, e.g. by increasing the ability for claimants to express their views and feelings and by involving claimants in the decision-making process.

Communication de la fraude scientifique

There is for a scientific journal several levels of communication depending of the degree of suspicion or certainty of a case of error or fraud. The task is increasingly difficult for journal editors as disclosed cases of fraud are more common and scientific communication on this topic is growing. Biomedical fraud is fairly little reported by the mainstream press and causes of this low interest are not currently well understood. The difficulty of processing this type of news for journalists appears to be one possible reason. The potentially numerous and significant consequences of fraud on health professionals are poorly documented. Though it is likely to cause a feeling of distrust and create controversy, the impact of fraud on the general public is poorly studied and appears multifactorial.

China-Japan Relations in the Post-Koizumi Era: a Brightening Half-decade?

The tenure of Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi (2001–2006) was vexing for China-Japan relations. As such, the five years since Koizumi left office, particularly the change in Japan's ruling party, were initially expected, and sometimes perceived, to realize a half-decade of recovery and reconciliation in Sino-Japanese ties. While tensions did decrease, “icebergs” blocking improvement in relations have not completely thawed, and may harden again. Competition for political and economic influences and interests in the same region, concern over one another's future security posture and relations with Taiwan, territorial disputes, misunderstanding about the other's historical sensitivities and feelings of distrust, occasionally manipulated by nationalists, still pervade the relationship. Therefore, though there is mutual desire, indeed a necessity, for cooperation on many issues affecting both countries, this typically couples with a disconcerting or anxious feeling towards the other's intentions that results in competitiveness. There are deep roots to this need/fear complex.

Arrest and Police Remand Issue of Top Jamaat Leaders in Bangladesh: Under the Guise of Hurting the Religious Sentiments of Muslims

Bangladesh is a country which is located at the Southern part of the globe, Southern side of India and on the bank of the Bay-of-Bengal. It was formerly a part of Pakistan but Bangladesh is now an independent country. On 16 December 1971, Bangladesh became separated after nine months of a bloody liberation/civil war with Pakistan. The main objective of the liberation was to obtain independence so as the development of the country can be fully implemented in all aspects, as far as possible, in order to meet the needs of people who have been long ignored by the former masters. But the objectives of indepence were not that easily fulfilled because in 1972 and after numerous democratic parties were established in Bangladesh, but they still could not work together peacefully as joint partners for the development of the country. The political party leaders still have the mentality of their former masters which they have unconsciously inherited in terms of jealousy and feeling of distrust amongst themselves subsequently developing into open hostility and bloody fighting among themselves on minor differences of political ideology and policy. This paper focuses on the current scenario of social-political situation in Bangladesh.

Issues in Psychotherapy with Clients Affiliated with the Opposing Side in a Violent Political Conflict

The therapeutic dyad of clinician and client affiliated with rival groups in a violent conflict shares many features that complicate psychotherapy with persons of different ethnic, racial, and cultural groups, including lack of knowledge, negative stereotyping, differences in fundamental values and world views, and power differentials. Although a great deal has been written about these matters, very little has been written about the therapeutic dynamic where therapist and client are affiliated with different sides of a violent political conflict. Based on the sparse literature on the subject and on the clinical experiences of the author and her colleagues, this paper discusses three features that characterize this dynamic, which do not appear in the same way in therapy involving dyads of different races, ethnic groups, or cultures. These are the presence of the “enemy” in the consulting room, the therapist’s feelings of mistrust towards the client as a representative of the opposing group, and the client’s feelings of guilt towards the therapist as a representative of the injured group. The impacts of each feature on the therapist, client, and the therapeutic encounter are explored and suggestions are made for dealing with them. The hope is that professionals’ awareness of these issues will help improve the quality of psychotherapy with persons on the rival side of a violent political conflict.

The Politics of Hope and Disappointment: Ambivalence in the Post-1989 Homeland-Related Discourses among Hungarians in Australia

In this article, I look at the ways in which the homeland-related discourses among Hungarians in Australia have shifted as a result of the political and social transformations in Hungary around and after 1989. In order to disentangle this question, I place a specific emphasis on the dynamics between identification, emotions and politics. I demonstrate that the aftermath of regime change produced a sense of ambivalence in discourses about Australian-Hungarians' relationship with the homeland. The desire for inclusion into the new democracy became dialogically intertwined with the simultaneous feelings of distrust and disappointment, producing what Bakhtin calls ‘double voiced’ homeland-related discourses. I examine how these contradictory emotions are evoked and expressed in the post-1989 Australian-Hungarian discourses. I argue that they became powerful moral forces which affect diaspora members' understanding of their selves and enable and constrain the diaspora's political actions towards the homeland.

Romania's Central Bank Policy of Limiting the Economic Recession

In 2008, the global financial crisis has generated a feeling of distrust from investors and significantly increased their risk aversion. The size of current account deficit, the relatively high external financing needs and the dependence of the banks on it, the high ratio between loans in foreign currency and deposits in foreign currency made of the Romanian economy, a risky destination for investors. In these conditions, since the end of 2008 and throughout 2009, the government's economic program was focused on reducing the external deficit in both public and private sector, on minimizing the effects of recession, on avoiding a crisis of the exchange rate and on cooling the inflationary pressures. Those requirements are found for 2010 and more so as our country has achieved significant loans in severe conditions. Amid all of this external funding, adopting some political decisions harmonized with European measures of economic recovery, represents, according to specialists, a positive signal beginning with the third quarter of 2010.

Keeping the Dragon at Bay: India's Counter-Containment of China in Asia

Ever since their emergence as modern states in the middle of the twentieth century, relations between India and China have been exceedingly complex in nature and, for the most part, fraught with tension. This article reviews aspects of the Sino-Indian relationship over the past decade from a realist perspective, showing that despite surface improvements, bilateral ties are still marred by strong feelings of mistrust. It is argued that China has engaged in a policy of containment of India, challenging its regional pre-eminence in South Asia and stymieing its neighbor's emergence as a major world power. A careful study of India's newly assertive foreign policy, both in Asia and beyond, reveals that New Delhi has chosen to back its policy of engagement of Beijing with a form of counter-containment.

Struggling with an unfamiliar and unreliable body: the experience of irritable bowel syndrome

Aim. To describe the phenomenon living with irritable bowel syndrome from a life‐world perspective.Background. Ten to twenty per cent of the adult population in the world is known to live with irritable bowel syndrome. The life‐world experience of people with irritable bowel syndrome has been paid little attention. A deeper understanding about the phenomenon living with irritable bowel syndrome is of interest for the future development of care.Design and methods. The study was performed using a phenomenological method. Data was collected by in‐depth, open interviews performed in 2006, with nine persons between 25–55 years, diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. The interviews were analysed according to the method of Giorgi.Results. Six interrelated key constituents have been identified: Having an altered self‐image, feeling ashamed, distrusting the body, feeling tired, blaming oneself, and finding solutions. A structure has been formulated, describing that living with irritable bowel syndrome means struggling with an unfamiliar and unreliable body. Tiredness, distrust, and feelings of shame towards the body bring about limitations in everyday life. At the same time, living with irritable bowel syndrome means having a strong will to exceed the limitations and become familiar with one self.Conclusion. This study suggests that living with irritable bowel syndrome means to struggle with an unfamiliar and unreliable body that brings about changes of self‐image and limitations in every day life. Feelings of distrust, shame and embarrassment towards troublesome symptoms, are important contributions to the limitations experienced.Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses have a major role to play in the care for people with irritable bowel syndrome. A caring perspective, in which the life‐world is central, is an important approach to care for these persons. Using the dialogue as a forum where patients can share their unique life‐world experiences lets nurses gather knowledge that is essential in helping patients identify and acknowledge new and positive understandings of the lived body.