Feelings Of Trust Research Articles

The Value of Community Cohesion Among Vietnamese Students in Era of Urbanisation and Globalisation

The concept of community cohesion as applied in social research is about more than tackling social exclusion and also involves sustaining relationships of trust and neighbourly interaction. Community cohesion is a function of connections and relations maintained between individuals, groups and associations. It can be fostered through measures that build feelings of trust, safety and belonging between people and can form a basis for shared values and norms of behaviour. This concept originates from Emile Durkheim, who identified the interdependence between members of a social group who share solidarity, loyalties and responsibilities. In Vietnam, various idioms and proverbs about social solidarity and social cohesion express the significant role of community in the lives of individuals as well as an individual’s responsibilities towards the community. Recent public debates suggest that social cohesion is changing or fraying, especially among youth, owing to the social, economic and cultural impacts of globalisation and urbanisation. However, there is lack of research focusing on community cohesion among young people in general and students in particular in the Vietnamese context. This paper reports on a research project on student life conducted in twelve Hanoi universities, and with 484 research participants, utilizing surveys, interviews and focus groups. This paper aims to identify the current situation and trends in student values with regards to community, particularly their views on community participation, and their responsibilities to communities, friends and society in general. The findings suggest that in spite of significant changes associated with urban life and globalisation, students still positively value community cohesion and engage in practices that maintain solidarity, trust and interdependencies with a range of consociates.

DO BIRDS OF A FEATHER COMMUNICATE BETTER? THE COGNITIVE STYLE CONGRUENCE BETWEEN MANAGERS AND THEIR EMPLOYEES AND COMMUNICATION SATISFACTION

Abstract: The paper investigates whether cognitive style congruence of managers and employees on the analytic-intuitive dimension influence employee communication satisfaction. The cognitive style and employee communication satisfaction was measured in 136 manager/employee dyads. Polynomial regression and surface analysis were used to analyze communication satisfaction under four conditions. First, an analytic congruence condition where both manager and employee are analytical, second, an intuitive congruence condition where both are intuitive, third, an incongruence condition where an intuitive manager manages an analytic employee, and fourth, another incongruence condition where an analytic manager manages an intuitive employee. Results supported the similarity effect hypothesis indicating that congruence increases employee communication satisfaction in general. Furthermore, the surface analysis also allowed us to see that the communication satisfaction is higher in the intuitive congruence condition. The study did not support the hypothesis that in incongruent dyads intuitive managers are preferred.Key words: cognitive style, communication satisfaction, banking, North CyprusIntroductionCommunication satisfaction has been a popular area of study among business and communication scholars because employee satisfaction with communication has been found to be positively related to many work outcomes such as, job satisfaction, motivation, job performance, organizational commitment, decreased role ambiguity and identification (Blau, Cook, & Tatum, 2005; Goris, 2007; Gupta & Sharma, 2008; Kropf, 1999; Lee & Jablin, 1995). Employees' level of satisfaction with communication is also an important ingredient of the psychological contract, and closely linked to whether employees feel valued by their managers and the organization as a whole (Ridder, 2004; Willemyns, Gallois, & Callan, 2003). Furthermore, employees identify their immediate supervisor as one of the most important of all informational sources (Bartoo & Sias, 2004) and a supervisor's willingness to share information deter mi n es the success of change efforts in organizations (Lewis, 2006). The employee perceptions about how much they are listened to and how much their managers respect their opinions determine their communication satisfaction which in turn influences their feelings of trust towards the organization (Zeffane, 2012).Personal characteristics influence a manager's attitude towards communication and the employee's expectations in terms of communication modes and frequency. Managers and employees not only differ in terms of their cultural and educational backgrounds and life styles but they also differ in terms of their personality types and cognitive styles. In processing information there are at least two interacting parallel forms (SarmanySchuller & Kuracka, 2012). The automatic loop evaluates the context implicitly (System 1) and the cognitive loop uses logical reasons to evaluate the situation explicitly (System 2). Although we utilize both systems 1 and 2, style theorists argue that individuals will have a tendency to use one system over the other (Hodgkinson, LanganFox, & Sadler-Smith, 2008). Cognitive style is defined as the way that individuals prefer to organize information as well as their experiences (Messick, 1976). Cognitive style is often measured on a dimension ranging from intuitive to analytic, which can be related to the automatic (System 1) and cognitive (System 2) loops (Sarmany-Schuller & Kuracka, 2012). Specifically, intuitive individuals have a global orientation to information processing and are influenced by the context in which the issue is taking place, prefer dealing with unstructured problems and analytic individuals prefer to process information using a step by step approach, focus on issues independently of their context, like precision an d pr efer st r uctur ed pr oblems (Armstrong, Cools, & Sadler-Smith, 2012). …

PO-0842 Optimal Emotional Development In Young Children: The Role Of Parents And Paediatricians

Background Parents and paediatricians in partnership have a unique role in influencing the emotional development of young children. The opportunity presents when parents consult paediatricians about their child’s behaviour or developmental problems. Discussion Infants and young children learn by interacting with and reacting to their environment. Early relationships with their parents foster feelings of trust and security, which influences their relationships with others as they develop and mature. Paediatricians, through their knowledge of child development, are in a unique position to influence and guide parents in early child-rearing practices. They do newborn examinations and they assess young children through various stages of early development, preschool and school entry. They are often the point of contact in later transition periods such as high school entry and adolescence, particularly when behaviour becomes challenging. The presentation will touch on theories of development, early experiences, resilience and cultural factors that influence emotional development. It will provide a clinician’s perspective on the management of behaviour difficulties and the partnership with parents in order to facilitate optimal emotional development in young children. Conclusion Paediatricians have an opportunity to influence healthy and positive relationships between parents and their young children that will allow children to develop to the best of their ability and become responsible members of society in the long-term.

Consumers’ Perceptions About Autopilots and Remote-Controlled Commercial Aircraft

Trust, willingness, and comfort to fly on an airliner is a large factor in the consumer’s travel plan decision process. This research aims to further understand consumers’ opinions on the set-up of the cockpit in terms of number of pilots, and seeks establish a line of studies geared towards the development of future cockpit set-ups. The foundation of which will be invaluable to the future of the aviation industry, and could potentially be the stepping-stone to the future. The study asks participants from the United States and India to rate their trust, willingness and comfort to fly on a commercial flight piloted by three different cockpit scenarios: a traditional two pilot cockpit; a hybrid with one pilot in the cockpit and one remote control pilot on the ground; or two remote control pilots on the ground. The research shows, as predicted, that participants would trust the traditional set-up more than the hybrid mix, while having negative feelings of trust towards the completely automated aircraft with two remote control pilots on the ground.

Identification and Exploration of Customer Trust in E-Banking in Iran

Trust is regard eel as the heart of e-banking system and is important factor in introducing a new product/service in the sphere of information technology. Trust has a positive impact on customer loyalty in e- banking. Therefore, banks and financial institutions are striving to identify factors to create a feeling of trust in customers towards their services. The aim of this study is to identify variables related to customer trust in e- banking. The associated variables with customer trust in e-banking are examined in the study. This study considers a conceptual model that is determinant of customer trust in e-banking. To test the hypotheses, a questionnaire of 25 questions designed that is valued 0 to 100 and distributed among the population (Meli bank), the total 320 patients of the main branches of clients who have had experience using the online system. The method used in this research is descriptive survey. The path analysis method was used to test the hypotheses, and the AMOS soft ware is used for statistical analysis of data. The results of the study show the significant impact of variables on customer trust, however, the perceived risk and perceived security has had the greatest impact on loyalty among them.

Ways to keep ‘internal public’ onside

Purpose – This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings – This study found that the four dimensions of stewardship significantly impact feelings of trust, commitment, satisfaction and balanced power between the employer and the employee. Additionally, increased use of stewardship resulted in increased involvement by employees. Practical implications – The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value – The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Experiences of health and care when growing old in Norway - From the perspective of elderly immigrants with minority ethnic backgrounds

Background : Along with the growing population in Norway of older people with immigrant backgrounds from countries in Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe there is a need for a better understanding of trans-cultural aging, illness experiences and care preferences among minorities and their families. Aim : This study explored older ethnic minority immigrants’ experiences of growing old in Norway with a focus on health and care. Design : An explorative, descriptive design with a grounded theory approach was used. Method : The data was collected in Norway by means of open-ended interviews with nine ethnic minority immigrants representing an age span from 63 to 85 years. In total 15 interviews were conducted, with the sampling, data collection and analysis carried out simultaneously and guided by the constant comparative method. Results : This study showed that the most important issue when growing old in a new homeland as an ethnic minority immigrant was to be surrounded by one’s family. When the needs for care increased due to changes in age and health, the family was seen as the only possible solution. Feelings of fear and distrust, language barriers, and preferences for the familiar care were reasons for this. Due to cultural rules it was taken for granted that the younger generation took on responsibility for their older parents/relatives in need of care, which led to feelings of dependency and being a burden. A high price had been paid for finding a new homeland. Conclusions and Implications for Practice : The elderly immigrants’ expectations of care was found to be strongly connected with traditions from their native country, where it was taken for granted that the younger generation took the responsibility for their older parents/relatives in need of care. Our findings highlighted the dilemma of culturally determined controversies, as elderly immigrants’ beliefs and values about care within the family may be rather difficult to unite with a life in a new Western society. Nursing practice needs to implement a more family-oriented care perspective in order to meet the needs of elderly people with ethnic minority and immigrant backgrounds. Further it is important to increase elderly immigrants’ feelings of trust and cultural safety towards health-care services.

Goals of telephone nursing work--the managers' perspectives: a qualitative study on Swedish Healthcare Direct.

BackgroundSwedish Healthcare Direct (SHD) receives 6 million calls yearly and aims at increased public sense of security and healthcare efficiency. Little is known about what SHD managers perceive as the primary goals of telephone nursing (TN) work and how the organisation matches goals of health promotion and equitable healthcare, so important in Swedish healthcare legislation. The aim of the study was to explore and describe what the SHD managers perceive as the goals of TN work and how the managers view health promotion and implementation of equitable healthcare with gender as example at SHD.MethodsThe study was qualitative using an exploratory and descriptive design. All 23 managers employed at SHD were interviewed and data analysis used deductive directed content analysis.ResultsThe findings reveal four themes describing the goals of TN work as recommended by the SHD managers. These are: ‘create feelings of trust’, ‘achieve patient safety’, ‘assess, refer and give advice’, and ‘teach the caller’. Most of the managers stated that health promotion should not be included in the goals, whereas equitable healthcare was viewed as an important issue. Varying suggestions for implementing equitable healthcare were given.ConclusionsThe interviewed managers mainly echoed the organisational goals of TN work. The managers’ expressed goal of teaching lacked the caller learning components highlighted by telenurses in previous research. The fact that health promotion was not seen as important indicates a need for SHD to clarify its goals as the organisation is part of the Swedish healthcare system, where health promotion should always permeate work. Time used for health promotion and dialogues in a gender equitable manner at SHD is well invested as it will save time elsewhere in the health care system, thereby facing one of the challenges of European health systems.

A Personal Connection

Psychology![Figure][1] CREDIT: ANGELA PIAZZA/ZUMA PRESS/NEWSCOM Telephone companies have long used recorded voices, usually female, and many services companies have chosen to confront callers with voice-based menus of options. Personalized assistance became available by means of Siri for iPhone users, and Waytz et al. have now begun to explore the psychological consequences of endowing autonomous vehicles, one of the latest technological innovations to come to market, with a voice. They monitored drivers' physiological status while in a driving simulator operated either by themselves or by an autonomous entity, referred to as Iris, that spoke to the human drivers. Not surprisingly, audio communication increased the sense of liking and of anthropomorphization; it also enhanced feelings of trust—which was measured both by self-reported ratings and by fluctuations in heart rate—under normal driving conditions. Furthermore, in the aftermath of a collision with another car, programmed so as to be unavoidable, drivers were more likely to absolve Iris of blame in comparison to a similar, nonverbal autonomous vehicle. These effects fit neatly into a framework of greater humanization as being reflective of an entity's capacities to carry out actions (agency) and to embody feelings. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 52 , 113 (2014). [1]: pending:yes

Eyes in the Aisles

To what extent do cereal spokes-characters make eye contact with children versus adults, and does their eye contact influence choice? In study 1, the shelf placement and eye positioning of 86 cereal spokes-characters were evaluated in 10 grocery stores in the Eastern United States. We calculated the average height of cereal boxes on the shelf for adult- versus children-oriented cereals (48 in. vs. 23 in.) and the inflection angle of spokes-characters’ gaze (0.4° vs. −9.6°). We found that cereal characters on child- (adult-) oriented cereals make incidental eye contact at children’s (adults’) eye level. In Study 2, we showed that eye contact with cereal spokes-characters increased feelings of trust and connection to the brand, as well as choice of the brand over competitors. Currently, many of the cereals targeted toward children are of the heavily sugared, less healthy variety. One potential application of this finding would be to use eye contact with spokes-characters to promote healthy choices and healthier food consumption.

The effect of drawing on children's experiences of investigations following alleged child abuse

The primary aim of the study was to evaluate investigative interviews from the perspectives of the children, comparing children who drew with children who did not. One hundred twenty-five children, alleged victims of sexual abuse, were asked about their investigative experience. The uniqueness of the study is that all of the interviews were conducted according to the NICHD Protocol and that children were randomly assigned into one of the two research conditions (drawing vs. non-drawing). The results clearly demonstrate the advantage that drawing has on the children's experience of the investigation, with children in the drawing group more often reporting feelings of hope and success. This study provides practical guidelines for practitioners by emphasizing the beneficial effects that drawing can have. The study stresses the importance of integrating into forensic investigations interventions that enhance children's testimonies and ensure that the investigation is an empowering experience that generates feelings of trust, self-worth, and justice.

Impact of Internal Communication on Employee Trust and Commitment

Relationship management is the practice of building strong relationships with important publics, including employees. It is expected that richer communication flowing between both employees and management will enhance feelings of trust between management and employees, ultimately resulting in stronger commitment to each other and to the organisation. In addition, these feelings of trust and commitment will lead to a more positive reputation for the firm, as employees are happy to be employed by the organisation and, in turn, share their positive feelings with customers and other stakeholders. This relationship management effort is thought to build long-term relationships for the mutual benefit of an organisation and its stakeholders. As employees have been thought to have more credibility with the public as representatives of the organisation than corporate communication efforts, their opinions can influence other stakeholders to have a more positive opinion about the reputation of the firm. Internal communication describes this goal of communicating richly with employees to engage them in the priorities of the organisation. Face-to-face communication was usually considered the best method for building close relationships with employee publics. This paper presents a review of available literature on the role that communication plays in relationship management with employees and its usefulness for building organisational reputation. It also recommends next actions for researchers, teachers and practitioners of internal public relations.

Mother-Child Relation and Factors Affecting This Relation

The social institution where a child first meet with his birth and sets his social relations is his family. The communication of parents and other members of family determines the place of child in the family. In the preschool period when the basis of future lives is formed, healthy relations made with child are of great importance. What kind of a person the child starting to perceive himself and his environment in this period will be is determined with the life in this period. Family and relations within family as a structure have an impact on the child. Relations within family and experiences will be determinants of the relations with others. In particular, the tie formed in the earlier years between mother and child will have an effect on the personality creation and social relations in the period of adolescence and adulthood. Successful relations of the child and unconditioned love and trust that will be built with his mother is known to be the basis of their future life. In order that a mother could get in a healthy relation with her child, it is necessary that she should have an attitude of self-confidence, respectful, sensible to his problems, collaborative, sharing the feelings and views her children and accepting them. Mothers having an insisting attitude not to accept their views and excluding them and not looking for a logic in their views cannot build a healthy relation. Children growing up with a healthy mother – child relation will become independent individuals with a self-esteem. The basis of a healthy mother – child relation depends on an infancy period starting with the process of pregnancy and going on with physical contact and nutrition after birth. Mother’s feeding of her baby, her care and preparation for life creates love and feeling of trust at child. When the child becomes an adult, he will guide his life with these two basic feelings. Mother should be a person giving her love to him, supporting the child in order to make him attain his personality. In this circle where enough support is given to the child, the qualities of the discipline and education given by the mother are positive. The child is grown up as brave and adaptive persons to the society. He learns to build his life upon positive efforts. The purpose of the current study was to determine a healthy mother-child relation, its importance and factors affecting mother-child relation. In this line, the studies regarding the issue were discussed and some recommendations were given over the studies to be carried out.

Effect of Knowledge Management on Empowerment of Personnel

In knowledge based era, knowledge is the most valuable capital of the pioneer organizations and knowledge management is one of their most important tasks. Therefore, knowledge management in the organization greatly depends on power and tendency of people to participate actively in knowledge management actions. Personnel empowerment also plays important role in development of these capabilities. Main goal of this research is to study effect of knowledge management on personnel empowerment. In this research, the studied components are Marshal Knowledge management and Mishra empowerment. The necessary information has been collected from the statistical population using the questionnaire. After proving normality of the data in data analysis section, Pearson Correlation test and Multiple Regression test have been used for analysing the hypotheses. Results of studying the hypotheses confirm the presence of strong correlation between two variables, knowledge management and personnel empowerment. In addition, component of competency feeling has the highest rate and component of trust feeling has the lowest rate to test correlation between knowledge management and components of empowerment. Regression results indicate that knowledge management has the lowest effect on competency feeling and it has the highest effect on trust feeling. Generally, the more we use the knowledge management the more power the personnel will be in the said organization.

Eyes in the Aisles: Why Is CappN Crunch Looking Down at My Child?

To what extent do cereal spokes-characters make eye contact with children versus adults, and does their eye contact influence choice? The shelf placement and eye positioning of 86 cereal spokes-characters were evaluated in ten grocery stores in the Eastern United States. In Study 1, we calculated the average height of cereal boxes on the shelf for adult- versus children-oriented cereals (48 versus 23-in.) and the inflection angle of spokes-characters’ gaze (0.4 versus -9.6 degrees). We found that cereal characters on children- (adult-) oriented cereals make incidental eye contact at children’s (adults’) eye level. In Study 2, we showed that eye contact with cereal spokes-characters increased feelings of trust and connection to the brand, as well as choice of the brand over competitors. Currently, many of the cereals targeted towards children are of the heavily sugared, less healthy variety. One potential application of this finding would be to use eye contact with spokes-characters to promote healthy choices and healthier food consumption.

A search for hope and understanding: An analysis of threatened miscarriage internet forums

Objectivethreatened miscarriage is a common complication of early pregnancy, which increases the risk of miscarriage or pregnancy complications such as premature birth. Currently there is limited evidence to recommend beneficial medical treatments or lifestyle changes, resulting in a ‘watchful waiting’ approach. The aim of this study was to describe women's experiences of threatened miscarriage through examining postings to Internet discussion forums. Designa Goggle alert for threatened miscarriage was created with emails containing hyperlinks sent to the first author and collected over a seven month period (April to November 2011). Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Findingsone hundred and twenty one discussion threads were collected. The overarching theme that emerged was one of ‘a search for hope and understanding’. Within this there were four sub themes that illustrated this search. ‘A reason for hope: stories and real life experiences’ illustrated how women sought hope for a viable pregnancy through others. ‘Becoming the expert,’ captures how women gave advice from their own experiences. ‘A safe place to share’ and ‘connecting to empathic support’ illustrates how women used this medium for long distance support. Key conclusioninternet discussion forums were used by women to seek hope and support they were not receiving from their health professionals. Women urged each other to remain hopeful despite a negative medical prognosis. There was an acceptance of a lay expertise within the forums that was valid enough to challenge medical expertise. Implications for practicehealth practitioners may need education that helps them balance their delivery of medical information with hope in order to increase feelings of trust. With women seeing the Internet as a useful form of support, it may be relevant for practitioners to consider recommending relevant Internet sites and discuss this with women.

Does the use of shared decision-making consultation behaviors increase treatment decision-making satisfaction among Chinese women facing decision for breast cancer surgery?

ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which breast surgical consultations used shared decision making (SDM), identify factors associated with use of SDM, and assess if using SDM increases decision-making satisfaction. MethodsTwo hundred and eighty-three video-recorded diagnostic-treatment decision consultations between breast surgeons and women with breast cancer were assessed using the Decision Analysis System for Oncology (DAS-O) coding system designed for assessing SDM behaviors. Women completed a questionnaire at pre-consultation, one-week post-consultation and one-month post-surgery. Patient outcomes included decision conflict, patient satisfaction with medical consultation, and decision regret. ResultsOverall, the level of SDM behaviors was low. The extent of SDM behavior within consultation was related to greater consultation duration (p<0.001), more than one treatment being offered (p<0.001), and fewer questions raised by patients/companions (p<0.05). While use of SDM consultation did not influence post-consultation decision conflict, it increased satisfaction with information given and explained, patients’ feelings of trust and confidence in their surgeons, and reduced post-surgical decision regret. ConclusionThese breast surgical consultations mostly adopted informed treatment decision-making approaches. Using SDM improved patient consultation and decision satisfaction. Practice implicationsThe study findings highlight a need to reinforce the importance of SDM in consultations among breast surgeons.

The effects of three Israeli sports programs on attitudes of Arabs and Jews toward one another

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to fill in a gap in the research literature on the subject of evaluation of coexistence programs. Design/methodology/approach – Three separate research studies on the effects of joint sports programs on attitudes of Arabs and Jews toward each other were conducted from September 2011 to June 2012. Pretests and posttests were administered to participants in three sports programs involving Arabs and Jews: The Friendship Games, Mifalot's. Findings – While pretests suggest that a great deal of hatred and lack of trust exists among Palestinians, Jordanians, and Israelis, according to the posttest results, by simply playing sports together, feelings of hatred can be greatly reduced and feelings of trust can be enhanced. Research limitations/implications – The research limitations included the need to shorten the questionnaire in order to encourage the youth to complete it, and the lack of control groups for the Friendship Games and Peres Center studies. More research is nee...

Can public relations improve the workplace? Measuring the impact of stewardship on the employer-employee relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use relationship management theory to measure the impact of relationship cultivation on the employer-employee relationship. Specifically, the paper examines how well Kelly's (2001) conceptualization of stewardship can impact internal stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach – Through intercept surveys of 421 adults, the paper used existing scales to measure dimensions of the employer-employee relationship and the participants’ perceptions of stewardship in the workplace. Findings – This study found that the four dimensions of stewardship significantly impact feelings of trust, commitment, satisfaction, and balanced power between the employer and the employee. Additionally, increased use of stewardship resulted in increased involvement by employees. Practical implications – The results of the paper offer several specific suggestions employers can do to communicate more effectively with their employees so that they are not only more informed but also feel more positively about the relationship they have with the employer. Originality/value – Original stewardship scales were developed for the paper so that they can be tested in domains outside the nonprofit sector, where they have been routinely tested with donors and volunteers.

“Somebody Who Was on My Side”

Youth initiated mentoring (YIM) is an innovative approach to mentoring being implemented by the National Guard Youth ChalleNGe Program in which youth identify and select their mentors. There is great interest in this approach; however, there has been little study of YIM or its implementation in ChalleNGe. Retrospective in-depth qualitative interviews with former ChalleNGe participants ( n = 30) were conducted to gain a descriptive understanding of the mentor selection process, the role these relationships played in participants’ experiences of the ChalleNGe program and in their lives more generally, and the nature and strength of these connections. Findings indicate that youth were able to successfully enlist the participation of mentors and YIM yielded enduring and emotionally supportive relationships. That the adults came from within their communities was viewed by these participants as having expedited the development of feelings of trust and contributed to the relevancy and meaningfulness of the guidance and advice offered.