Soft Feeling Research Articles

The electromagnetic shielding of textured steel yarn based woven fabrics used for clothing

The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of herringbone, whipcord, barathea, and crêpe woven fabrics, which are twill and sateen derivatives, woven with textured steel yarns has not been investigated so far. Therefore, in this research, textured stainless steel yarn, which has soft feeling and flexibility, required properties for clothing fabrics, was selected as a conductive yarn to produce conductive fabrics whose weaves are twill, twill and sateen derivatives. The EMSE of these common clothing fabrics woven with different conductive yarn densities were measured by free space measurement technique with different antenna polarizations, because of the possibility to obtain measurements for a large bandwidth. It was observed that all conductive clothing woven fabric samples shielded well in medium and high frequency bands, which contain 900 MHz GSM, 1800 MHz GSM, 2100 MHz 3G, and 2400 MHz Wi-Fi bands. Most of the samples give acceptable EMSE values up to 40 dB at certain frequencies. The EMSE of fabric samples would remain almost the same, although conductive yarn density changed, because of diagonally or symmetrically arranged conductive yarn floats in fabric structures. The EMSE characteristics of different weave types are investigated and it is seen that when the yarn floats arrangement is changed the EMSE characteristic changes. And also, it is observed that measurements of fabrics, positioned so that the weft yarns were parallel to the antenna polarization are similar to those of fabrics, positioned so that the weft yarns were vertical to the antenna polarization.

Fabric Hand-Feel Evaluation Based on Neurophysiology: An Event-Related Potential Study

Fabric hand-feel is an important indicator of textile comprehensive evaluation. In the past century, many achievements have been made in characterization and evaluation of fabric hand-feel. With the development of experimental methods, the electrophysiological technique was used in exploring the formation mechanism and cognitive principle of fabric hand-feel. In this paper, event-related potential (ERP) technique was used in revealing the difference of handfeel between polyester and silk. The exogenous component P2 showed that polyester caused more excitability in human brain. However, the endogenous component P3 indicated that silk caused more soft and comfortable feelings. Even more amazingly, touching fabrics caused significant activation of the visual cortex from the Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM), and it is also shown that the potential distribution evoked by grasping silk is wider than the polyester’s. All the experiment results show that potential variation of the cerebral cortex is closely related to perceptual cognition and process. All the above findings show that event-related potential technique is feasible and effective in detecting the differences of tactile cognition, and it provides objective evidence from neurophysiologic in fabric hand-feel research.

감즙 염색에 의한 레이온 직물의 역학적 특성

For development of dyeability, the rayon fabrics were dyed repeatedly with persimmon juice by padding mangle. The merit of padding-based dyeing was easier color reproduction over traditional hand dyeing where various colors and color fastness to light and laundering are hard to obtain. We evaluated the mechanical properties and hand value by Kawabata Evaluation system for dyed rayon fabrics. The results obtained from this study were as follows. With the increase of repeating padding times of dyeing, the linearity load-extension curve and tensile energy per unit length of the rayon fabrics were increased, but the tensile resilience of fabrics were decreased. The value of shear stiffness and shear hysteresis were increased. Also compression resilience and linearity of compression thickness were increased. The rayon fabrics dyed with persimmon juice had shown the thickness and weight increase as the number of padding increase. As repeating times of dyeing with persimmon juice were increased, among the 6 hand values, the item of koshi(stiffness) and Hari(anti-drape stiffness), fukurami(fullness and softness) were increased. while Shinayakasa (flexibility with soft feeling) and Shari(crispness) were greately decreased. The amount of coated persimmon juice on the surface of the fabric was gradually increased as the padding times of dyeing.

A novel tactile softness display for minimally invasive surgery

The use of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) in various types of surgical procedures has increased significantly in recent years. However, its scope is limited due mainly to the fact that this procedure does not currently provide tactile feedback without which the surgeon can neither feel nor palpate tissue. In this paper, we describe a new tactile display that reproduces these missing constituent properties of the tissue directly to the surgeon. The softness of different objects is regenerated based on the mechanical properties of those objects and fingertip pulp. The force–displacement non-linear behavior of several different materials is simulated using force feedback and a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for the linear actuator. Experimental tests show that the proposed tactile display can closely regenerate the feeling of softness for different objects by rendering the force–displacement curve to the surgeon’s hand.

Synthesis and application of a formaldehyde-free flame retardant for bamboo viscose fabric

A formaldehyde-free flame retardant (EFFR) for bamboo viscose fabric was synthesized by raw materials of silanol, phosphorus pentoxide, and diethanolamine. The flame retardant had the dual function of imparting fire resistance and softness to bamboo viscose fabric; moreover, it had no halogen and free formaldehyde, and wouldn’t release formaldehyde during processing and end-use. The experimental results about choice of cross-linker stated that the cross-linker played a significant role in decreasing the flammability of bamboo viscose fabrics and improving durability of flame retardance. Cross-linkers of hexamethylol melamine (HMM) or dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU) or water-soluble isocyanate-terminated (WIT) not only cross-linked with flame retardant and bamboo viscose cellulose to enhance durability of inflaming retarding, but also had nitrogen to improve nitrogen–phosphorus synergism. However, HMM and DMDHEU can release free formaldehyde. WIT is a kind of cross-linker which has no formaldehyde. The experimental results showed that the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) value of Vis-EFFR–WIT treated fabric was basically above 30%, and the handle of the finished fabric was ameliorated greatly because of its organosilyl constituent part, even after 30 laundry cycles, the fabric still had some flame retardancy and soft feeling.

Long-term evaluation of postmastectomy breast reconstruction with the pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap

The transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneus (TRAM) flap is ideal for unilateral breast reconstruction. It can produce a breast with a lasting natural look, soft feeling, and good resemblance to the opposite breast. The aim was to evaluate long-term results of the TRAM flap reconstruction in an homogenous study population and to examine the impact on abdominal competence, appearance, and function relative to patient satisfaction. The study included 123 women from the cohort of patients undergoing a postmastectomy breast reconstruction in the period from 1992–2005. Data was collected from patient charts, a study-specific questionnaire, and a clinical follow-up visit. The response to the questionnaire was 81% (100/123), and 78 of them participated in a clinical follow-up visit. Eighty-four per cent were satisfied with the overall results of their breast reconstruction, and the majority of the women were pleased with the overall appearance of their abdomen. A significant correlation existed between satisfaction with the abdominal appearance and donor site complications (p = 0.01). No association was determined between complications in the breast area and smoking. A BMI above 25 increased the risk of complications. Radiation therapy (RT) significantly increased the risk of severe complications (p = 0.04) and of an inferior aesthetic result (p = 0.03). In conclusion, after a median of 6 years, women reconstructed with a TRAM flap were pleased with the overall result, with the appearance and strength of their abdomen including the umbilicus. Breast reconstruction with the pedicled TRAM flap results in lasting good results and pleased patients.

감즙 염색에 의한 견직물의 역학적 특성

For the development of high quality textiles, silk fabrics were dyed repeatedly with persimmon juice by padding mangle. We evaluated the mechanical properties and hand value by Kawabata Evaluation system for dyed silk fabrics. The results obtained from this study were as follows. With the increase of repeating padding times of dyeing, the linearity load-extension curves of the silk fabrics were increased; however, the tensile resilience of fabrics decreased. The hysteresis values of shear force were increased without significant change of shear stiffness. The coefficient of friction values were also decreased and geometrical roughness values were increased. The silk fabrics dyed with persimmon juice had shown the thickness and weight grow as the number of padding increases. The hand values of silk fabrics which were classified into 6 items in the Kawabata Evaluation System, were evaluated as repeating times of dyeing with persimmon juice. The hand values of Koshi(stiffness) and Hari(anti-drape stiffness) were increased, whereas Shinayakasa (flexibility with soft feeling) and Fukurami(fullness and softness) were decreased by dyeing with persimmon juice. However there was no significant change in hand values according to repeating padding times of dyeing.

감즙 염색에 의한 면직물의 역학적 특성과 표면형태

For development of dyeability, the cotton fabric was dyed repeatedly with persimmon juice by padding mangle. We evaluated the mechanical properties and hand value by Kawabata Evaluation System, and observed the change of surface morphology. The results obtained from this study were as follows. With the increase of repeating padding times of dyeing, the linearity of load-extension curve and tensile energy per unit length of the cotton fabric were increased, but the tensile resilience of fabric was decreased. The value of shear stiffness and shear hysteresis were increased. Also compression resilience and linearity of compression thickness curve were increased. The cotton fabric dyed with persimmon juice had shown the thickness and weight increase as the number of padding increase. As repeating times of dyeing with persimmon juice were increased, among the 6 hand values, the item of stiffness, anti-drape stiffness, fullness and softness were increased, while flexibility with soft feeling and crispness were greatly decreased. The amount of coated persimmon juice on the surface of the fabric was gradually increased as the padding times of dyeing. And cotton fabrics were dyed evenly with persimmon juice by padding mangle.

Study on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Yak Fiber

As a special animal fiber, yak hair has many excellent properties, such as soft feeling, good elasticity, gentle glossy and excellent warmth retention performance, therefore, it has very high industrial value, and can be used as high-grade raw materials in the woolen industry. In this paper, the fineness, length, curl and surface morphology of Yak fiber were analyzed, and mechanical and tensile properties with the different conditions were discussed and compared.

Synthesis and Properties of Green Copolymer Retannage of Starch and Acrylamide with HRP/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/ACAC

A graft copolymer was synthesized by copolymerization of degraded starch and acrylamide using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2/acetylacetone (ACAC) as initiator. The structure of the copolymer was confirmed by FTIR and NMR. The copolymer can be used as retannage in leather making substitute for chrome retannage and contribute to decreasing pollution. The applied results show that the retanned leather possesses merits of excellent soft feeling, good elasticity and uniform thickness.

Combined treatment with areola approach for capsular contracture after breast augmentation with implants

To investigate the combined treatment with areola approach for capsular contracture after breast augmentation with implants. From Feb. 2005 to Jun. 2011, 94 cases (168 sides) with Baker III and IV capsular contracture after breast augmentation with implants were treated with areola approach. The implants cavity was recreated, with or without removal of capsule. The implants were reimplanted behind pectoralis major or breast at the second stage in some patients. 46 cases were followed up by clinic visit and the others were followed up by telephone for 6-37 months, with an average of 9.9 months. The capsular contracture was relapsed in 2 cases as Baker III and 1 case as Baker IV. All the other breasts got a good appearance with good soft texture and feeling. No hematoma, infection, implants rupture, breast ptosis or implant displacement happened. Combined treatment with areola approach has a good therapeutic effect for capsular contracture after breast augmentation with implants. The breast appearance is satisfactory with low occurrence of capsular contracture.

Study on the Mechanical Properties and Handle of PTT/Wool Blended Fabrics

The low-stress properties of PTT/wool blended fabrics were investigated by comparing with PET/wool blended fabrics. The results show that, the elongation of PTT/wool fabrics at the maximum load is higher, especially in filling wise, which means PTT/wool fabrics have better elastic. The bending hysteresis, shearing rigidity and shearing hysteresis of PTT/wool fabrics are higher than those of PET/wool fabrics, determining the fabrics having good formability. PTT/wool fabrics are easier to be compressed, and has a little higher surface friction coefficient, giving the fabrics better feeling of softness and fullness. The hand values show that PTT/wool blended fabrics are softer, and have the good bulkiness but not as good as that of PET/wool fabrics.

THE TACTILE SENSORY EVALUATION OF KNITTED FABRICS: EFFECT OF SOME FINISHING TREATMENTS

ABSTRACT Good textile sensory characteristics required by the consumers incites textile industrialists to improve the sensory properties of fabrics. Therefore, several textile finishing processes have been proposed to improve the feel of fabrics. This work investigates the effects of some finishing treatments on the tactile properties using sensory analysis. The studied finishing treatments, namely bleaching, dyeing in different conditions, bio‐polishing, softening, emerizing and calendaring, were applied on 100% cotton knitted fabrics. The obtained sensory properties of treated fabrics are in accordance with each finishing treatment aim. Hence, the bio‐polishing treatment confers to fabrics a less hairy feeling, softening procures to fabrics a more soft, hairy and elastic feeling and emerizing leads to a more hairy and soft feeling. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe practical use of the research presented in this paper is in the sensory evaluation of textile products. The tactile quality of fabrics is an important selling argument. Thus, the textile industrialists try to optimize the production, and especially finishing processes to improve the fabrics tactile feeling. Therefore, it seems necessary to develop tools describing and grading the sensory quality of the produced fabrics for similar consumers' evaluation.

The Application of Jeff Koons' Works in Lounge Wear Design

The purpose of this study was to inquire into lounge wear and Jeff Koons and to design lounge wear in which the works, Balloon Dog(19942000) and Hanging Heart(19942006), of Jeff Koons was applied. The concept of design was appealed as sensuousness, activeness, and comfort. The target of design was teens and those in their 20s. Knit or woven fabric in 100% cotton/silk and cotton blended was selected. The design had fitted silhouette and the items were bras, panties, pajama pants, shorts, robes, slippers etc. Adobe Illustrator CS2 and Adobe Photoshop CS2 program were used for the design. In the lounge wear in which Balloon Dog applied, main color was red, blue, and green with pale tone and frills and pleats were selected for the details. Elastic blended fabric was used for the comfortable. Variety application of color and patterns were conducted for rhythmical visual. In the lounge wear design in which Hanging Heart applied, main color was also red, blue, and green with pale tone. Halter neck and robes were selected for the sexy looking. Cool and soft feelings were pursued through use of cotton and silk blended fabrics or stripes patterns. The result of this study may give valuable information to merchandisers and designers who develop lounge wear. It may also provide designers who use computer program such as Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop as design tools with useful examples.

1A1-A13 可変剛性を有する改良型デルタ機構の開発

There are haptic devices as devices that display the virtual reality to human. It is difficult to display the feeling of tactile sense either hardness or softness on hardware in past haptic device and it cannot display both tactile sense. This paper presents the design and development of a modified delta mechanism with variable stiffness. The proposed mechanism can be used as a haptic device to display virtual force and haptics. Since the stiffness at the endpoint of the mechanism is variable, the mechanism can display hardness as well as softness of a virtual object or virtual environment. Preliminary experiments are performed to validate the variable stiffness characteristics of the mechanism.

소나무재와 고추나무대재 합성에 관한 연구

The development of Korean glaze originated from the development of ash glazes. Ash not only has strong solubility but also can shows the glaze a variety of different colors according to what the glaze has in it as the main component. In addition, it gives a feeling of lucidness and softness. For these reasons, there are a lot of needs for ash and many potters want to take advantage of ashes as glaze. But natural ashes have not been widely used as glaze primarily because it is relatively hard to find or manufacture. Considering the difficulty of finding or manufacturing natural ashes, this study aims to formulate synthetic ash which not only is available to the potters in general but also has the same characteristics as the natural ashes. To achieve this aim, this study examines the characteristics of the pine tree ash, the main component of the glaze of celadon porcelains, and the red pepper stem ash, the main component of the brown glaze, both of which have been used by the Korean traditional potters. In this study, the alkaline component of the glaze. A important ingredient when the ashes are synthesized, was supplied by mixing of Na₂CO₃, Chungju limestone and rice straw ash. Furthermore, the synthetic ash, when it shows no change of pH in its composition rate of 6:2:2, was found to be usable as the most stable material. In conclusion, the formula which frits some raw materials-Na₂CO₃, Chungju limestone and rice straw ash-can duplicate the synthetic ash which is simila to the natural ash.

Fabric Hand Evaluation Using Qualitative Data

We tried to evaluate the objective hand value of a fabric by using not numerical but only qualitative data for its properties, such as large/small, high/low, excellent/poor and so on. In the analysis, SHINAYAKASA (Flexibility with soft feeling) of women’s dress fabrics defined in the KES method was used as an objective measure of a sample fabric. The measured data with a KES apparatus were converted to the qualitative values by comparing the measured data with settled standards. These qualitative data of 187 samples were statistically analyzed by the quantification theory I. The multiple correlation coefficient between SHINAYAKASA of the KES method and that estimated by using the parameters obtained in the analysis was 0.92. The number of items used in the analysis was largely reduced from 16 to 7, that is, WT, B, G, WC, MMD, SMD, and W. These results indicate that the objective evaluation of fabric hand using qualitative data can be in practical use at a similar level of the KES method.

Advanced soft coverpad made of non-woven fabric

The advancement of touching and fitting feeling of the seat are expected to be important factors to enhance the product-value of the automobile. For this purpose, we have noted the softening of the seat cover and carried out development of a cover pad made of non-woven fabric. As a result, we could achieve the quality required for the material with soft feeling and durability for use as a seat cover pad.

A Cohort Survey on Caries Attacks in Permanent Teeth during a Period of Approximately 20kg of Annual Sugar Consumption per Person in Japan

A model to show the condition of caries attack was constructed by Takeuchi with the post-eruptive tooth age as the X-axis, the annual caries incidence rate (Mx) or the cumulative number of carious teeth per initial 1, 000 healthy teeth (ΣCx) as the Y-axis, and the annual sugar consumption per person after the eruption of the tooth (p) as the Z-axis. In this model the values at the times when p was 0-15kg were the results of the physical examinations at schools in Japan, while those for 30kg were plotted from data in New Zealand. Therefore, additional data, especially concerning cohort studies in periods when p in Japan was greater than the above are desired.The material of this study consists of a part of the materials used for the author's study on the epidemiological distribution pattern of the acid resistance of the surface enamel by means of phosphorus determined by enamel biopsy, and in relation to caries incidence.The subjects for this study were children in two primary schools and a junior high school in Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture. The fluoride contents in the drinking water of this area had little influence on caries attack, and the living standards of the inhabitants were more or less the Japanese average. Group“A”consisted of the children in the first grade and Group“B”those in the fourth grade of the primary schools in 1965. From this year oral examinations were performed on the same individuals once a year for three years, totaling four times, and the results of these examinations were summed up to be used as data. p was 16.8kg in 1962, 18.9kg in 1965, and 21.2kg in 1967.The diagnostic standards of caries used here were more severe than the usual standards of a sticky feeling in pits and fissures and a soft feeling on smooth surfaces.In collecting, the calculations were done by the post-eruptive tooth age and by types of teeth. The results are summarized in Table 1 and Fig. 1. They show the appearance of greater influence of p compared to the cases under p=12-15kg reported by Shimizu (Fig. 2).