Sleep Feelings Research Articles

睡眠感に影響を及ぼす性格特性

It has been documented that characteristics of personality influence estimation of subjective sleep feeling in the morning. This study examines the relationship between Neuroticism (N score) and Extraversion-Introversion (E score) on the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) and subjective sleep feeling measured by the MA version of the OSA sleep inventory (OSA-MA), which consists of 20 items and 5 factors.Subjects aged 25--59 were instructed to complete the OSA-MA on a weekday morning. One hundred and ten (53 male) healthy day- workers were selected for further analysis. They were divided into 2 groups (high and low) on the basis of N and E scores on the MPI. Factor scores of OSA-MA were compared between these groups. Subjects with high N scores had low evaluation of factors such as sleepiness at rising, sleep onset-sleep maintenance and fatigue recovery. There were no differences in any of the OSA-MA factors between high and low group of E scores. These results suggest that neuroticism influence the estimation of sleep quality and mood at rising.

Shift work-related problems in 16-h night shift nurses (1): Development of an automated data processing system for questionnaires, heart rate, physical activity and posture.

To assess the shift work-related problems associated with a 16-h night shift in a two-shift system, we took the following important factors into consideration; the interaction between circadian rhythms and the longer night shift, the type of morningness and eveningness experienced, the subjective sleep feeling, the subjects' daily behavior, the effectiveness of taking a nap during the long night shift, and finally the effectiveness of using several different kinds of measuring devices. Included among the measuring devices used were a standard questionnaire, repetitive self-assessment of subjective symptoms and daily behavior at short intervals, and a continuous recording of such objective indices as physical activity and heart rate. A potential problem lies in the fact that field studies that use such measures tend to produce a mass of data, and are thus faced with the accompanying technical problem of analyzing such a large amount of data (time, effort and cost). To solve the data analysis problem, we developed an automated data processing system. Through the use of an image scanner with a paper feeder, standard paper, an optical character recognition function and common application software, we were able to analyze a mass of data continuously and automatically within a short time. Our system should prove useful for field studies that produce a large amount of data collected with several different kinds of measuring devices.

Observational assessment of patient's sleep complaints in the coronary care unit.

Sleep-wake disorders are common in patients who are treated in coronary care units (CCU). We report a clinical trial aimed at developing an observational assessment of patients sleep complaints in a CCU. Thirty-four inpatients with coronary heart diseases in the CCU (Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo General Hospital) participated in the study. The patient's sleep state was assessed by nursing staff and classified as wakefulness, drowsy and asleep according to a semi-structured observation. Subjective sleep feelings upon rising was also investigated. Sleep disruptions during the latter half of the night was found to be an important determining factor of sleep feeling upon rising.

Effects of the timing of exercise on the night sleep.

The effects of physical exercises taken at different times in the day upon subjective sleep feeling were examined in five healthy university students (aged 20-22 years); morning exercise, evening exercise, and late evening exercise. The late evening exercise with the strength of 50-60% VO2max of 1 h has the effect of getting better subjective sleep feeling in the morning and the effect of the decreased daytime sleepiness.

Effects of short duration morning bright light in healthy elderly. II: sleep and motor activity.

Subjective sleep feelings and motor activity were measured in seven healthy elderly subjects for 6 days. The subjects were exposed to bright light (6000 lux) for 30 min in the morning or instructed to sit in front of a desktop lighting device without light. The average level of motor activity during the night was significantly decreased in the bright light condition, compared with the controlled condition. However, daytime motor activity did not show significant differences between the two conditions. From these findings, even a short duration of morning bright light is effective in maintaining sleep without changing daytime activity.

Afternoon Exercise Improves the Quality of Night Sleep: A Case Study Observed by EEG and Self‐Rating Scale

Afternoon Exercise Improves the Quality of Night Sleep: A Case Study Observed by EEG and Self‐Rating Scale: Sasazawa Yosiaki, et al. Department of Public Health, Gunma University School of Medicine—This study was designed to assess the effects of morning (10:00‐12:00) and afternoon (15:00‐17:00) exercise on the objective and subjective quality of sleep. The subject was a 24‐year‐old man in the habit of performing soccer exercises. Exercise duration was 2 hr a day with an average exercise load of 70% V02max, and the energy expenditure was approximately 1,300 kcal. The polygraphic parameters of sleep were sleep stages expressed as percentages of total sleep time (%S1, %S2, %S (3 + 4), %SREM, %MT)r time in bed, sleep time, total sleep time, sleep onset latency (SOL), waking from sleep (WAKE), sleep efficiency (SEFI), number of awakenings (NOAW), number of stage shifts, number of spindles and percentages of alpha and delta waves, all of which were assessed by an automatic computer analyzing system. The OSA questionnaire was used to assess the quality of subjective sleep. The five scales of the OSA are sleepiness, sleep maintenance, worry about sleep, integrated sleep feeling and sleep initiation. Comparisons were made between sleep parameters when the subject performed morning exercise and afternoon exercise, and in the non‐exercise days by Dunnett's multiple comparison test. Sleep EEGs after afternoon exercise days showed higher %MT (p<0.05), shorter SOL (p<0.05), less WAKE (p<0.05), higher SEFI (p<0.05) and decreased NOAW (p<0.05) than those of non‐exercise days. There were no significant differences between any of the sleep EEG parameters on non‐exercise and morning exercise days. Only the falling asleep score of the self‐rated sleep should be significantly improved by the afternoon exercise. The results suggest that afternoon exercise has a better effect on sleep than morning exercise.

DAILY SLEEP CHANGES IN A NOISY ENVIRONMENT ASSESSED BY SUBJECTIVE AND POLYGRAPHIC SLEEP PARAMETERS

Habituation of sleep to a noisy environment was investigated by self-rated sleep scores, polygraphic sleep parameters, and a performance test on the following morning. The self-rated sleep questionaire, OSA, includes five factors of subjective sleep quality: sleepiness, sleep maintenance, worry, integrated sleep feeling and sleep initiation. The polygraphic sleep parameters were six sleep stages in minutes, sleep latency, REM latency, REM cycle, REM duration, frequency and duration in minutes of awakening during sleep, total sleep time, number of sleep stage shifts, sleep efficiency, number of sleep spindles and density. The differences between reaction times before sleep that night and the following morning were also examined. The subjects were twelve students aged 19 to 21 who were tested a total of 96 nights. Each subject slept in an experimental room and was exposed to recorded passing truck noise with peak levels of 45, 50, 55 and 60 dB(A) at intervals of 15 min. Significant changes were recognized in Stage 1, MT, frequency of awakening and number of sleep stage shifts. The authors speculate that the decrease in the shallow stage as noisy nights were repeated reflects habituation of night sleep to repeated passing truck noise, whose interval, duration and nature was constant.

EFFECT OF SHIP NOISE ON SLEEP

The effects of a steady sound level of 65 dB(A) from a diesel ship engine on nocturnal sleep were studied using polygraphic and subjective sleep parameters. Three healthy men, aged 29 to 33 years, participated in the experiment. Sleep polygrams and the sound level in a sleep laboratory were recorded for each subject for five exposure nights and five control nights. The following morning, the subjects answered a self-rating sleep questionnaire (called the OSA) and underwent simple reaction time tests. The percentage of S2, SREM latency and the REM interval increased, while %SREM decreased during the noise-exposed nights as compared with corresponding values on the control nights. Other parameters of sleep EEG were unchanged. Five scale scores for OSA, sleepiness, sleep maintenance, worry, integrated sleep feeling and sleep initiation deteriorated significantly on the noise-exposed nights as compared with the control nights. Canonical discriminant analysis was conducted using 19 sleep parameters. The standard partial regression coefficients of %SREM, %S2 and %S1 were somewhat higher than other parameters. It was suggested that exposure to the 65 dB(A) ship noise exerted adverse effects on nocturnal sleep, subjectively and in part polygraphically (REM sleep and shallow sleep).

EFFECT OF DAYTIME EXERCISE ON SLEEP EEG AND SUBJECTIVE SLEEP

This study was designed to assess the effects of daytime physical exercise on the quality of objective and subjective sleep by examining all-night sleep EEGs. The subjects were five male students, aged 19 to 20 years, who were in the habit of performing regular daytime exercise. The sleep polygraphic parameters in this study were sleep stage time as a percentage of total sleep time (%S1, %S2, %S(3+4), %SREM, %MT), time in bed (TIB), sleep time (ST), total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), waking from sleep, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, number of stage shifts, number of spindles, and percentages of α and δ waves, all of which were determined by an automatic computer analysis system. The OSA questionnaire was used to investigate subjective sleep. The five scales of the OSA used were sleepiness, sleep maintenance, worry, integrated sleep feeling, and sleep initiation. Each sleep parameter was compared in the exercise and the non-exercise groups. Two-way analysis of variance was applied using subject factor and exercise factor. The main effect of the subject was significant in all parameters and the main effect of exercise in %S(3+4), SOL and sleep efficiency, among the objective sleep parameters. The main effects of the subject, except sleepiness, were significant, as was the main effect of exercise on sleep initiation, among the subjective sleep parameters. These findings suggest that daytime exercise shortened sleep latency and prolonged slow-wave sleep, and that the subjects fell asleep more easily on exercise days. There were also significant individual differences in both the objective and subjective sleep parameters.

Relationship between self-rating and polygraphic sleep parameters - analysis of compiled data from 12 young Japanese adults -.

An examination of the relationship of the self-rating sleep score to polygraphic sleep parameters was conducted. The self-rating sleep questionnaire, OSA, includes five sleep quality factors: sleepiness (Fl), sleep maintenance without interruption (F2), worry about daily life or poor emotional condition (F3), integrated or perceived sleep feeling (F4) and sleep initiation or induction (F5). Polygraphic sleep parameters including each sleep stage in minutes were used. If intercorrelation coefficients exceeded 0.8, only one of the related parameters was selected for multivariate analysis. Twelve male students slept a total of 88 nights, among which the first night was not included, in an experimental room. When absolute values of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of not less than 0.4 were tentatively selected, the following pairs were extracted: F2 score and S1 (-0.423) or S3+S4 (0.409), F5 score and sleep latency (-0.439). Deeper sleep was closely associated with sleep maintenance without interruption. Agreement between self-rating and a polygraphic sleep parameter was recognized between the F5 score and sleep latency. Each OSA factor score was predicted by other polygraphic sleep parameters using multiple regression analysis. MT significantly contributed to the Fl, F3 and F4 scores. The number of stage shifts per night significantly contributed to the Fl and F3 scores, and the number of sleep spindles significantly contributed to the F5 score. Though prediction of sleep quality by polygraphic sleep parameters is limited, the association between concrete subjective and objective sleep parameters was clarified as mentioned above, and their practical meaning was partially elucidated.

Fatigue and performance of divers during a simulated, non-saturated oxygen-helium dive to 180 meters.

A non-saturated mixed-gas dive to 180 meters depth was carried out at JAMSTEC, using diving simulator (hyperbaric chamber) facilities. Compression started at 10:00 h with helium and oxygen and was carried out at a rate of 12 m/min. Decompression started at 11:15 h using the Comex Helox 180 Diving Manual. Decompression to 1 ATA required 49.2 h. A survey of subjective symptoms, sleep feelings and ball-bearing tests were performed. All night electrophysiological recording of subjects' sleep was performed and polygraphic analysis of nocturnal sleep was done with visual scoring. The results were as follows: Arriving at 180 meters, the complaint rate was 39.2% and fatigue was greater. The type of fatigue that was based on the composition + ratio of symptoms was that of mental fatigue. During the decompression it was recovery. The performance in the ball-bearing test decreased about 20% at a depth of 180 meters because of tremors and disturbance of attention as well as other factors showing symptoms of high-pressure nervous syndrome. The sleep feelings were different in experienced persons and non-experienced persons. The non-experienced persons had markedly decreased REM stages and slept badly all night. Based on these results, fatigue and the performance of divers were discussed.

Clinical Profile and Serum Concentration of Viloxazine as Compared to Amitriptyline

The antidepressive effect of viloxazine (300 mg/d) was investigated during three weeks in 41 patients with depressive syndromes requiring drug-treatment against amitriptyline (150 mg/d), using a controlled double-blind design. Viloxazine differs from amitriptyline by selective inhibition of norepinephrine re-uptake, whereas amitriptyline acts also on serotonin re-uptake. Psychopathological changes were documented by means of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Bf-S (v. Zerssen), the AMDP-System, and videotaped recordings. Besides routine clinical-chemical tests, the serum concentrations of viloxazine and partly of amitriptyline were determined. Repeated EEG-recordings were evaluated by spectral analysis. The number of global responders and non-responders -- defined according to the final HDRS-scores -- was equally distributed between the two drug-groups. The AMDP-evaluation suggests that viloxazin has a somewhat more marked and more rapid effect on symptoms of retardation, whereas amitriptyline acts predominantly on depressive mood, disturbances of sleep and vital feelings. The EEG-profile of both drugs was similar to the spectral changes seen under tricyclic antidepressants, through only the viloxazine-induced changes reached statistical significance on the 10th and 20th day, the variability of the EEG-recordings being greater in the amitriptyline group. The viloxazine blood levels showed a remarkably low inter- and intraindividual variance. Steady state was reached at day 5 at the latest. Amitriptyline serum concentrations still increased between the 10th and the 21st day. The average blood concentration of viloxazine was higher in the responder- than in the non-responder-group.

Viloxazine, sleep, and subjective feelings

The sleep of eight volunteers (mean age 55) was recorded electrophysiologically while viloxazine 200 mg was taken daily for 3 weeks, preceded and followed by a week of matching blanks. The volunteers also made ratings of their feelings on visual analogue scales. Another 15 volunteers (mean age 34) took viloxazine 300 mg daily for 3 weeks, preceded and followed by 3 weeks of matching blanks, and they also made daily ratings of feelings. The drug diminished sleep duration and caused more frequent and longer transitions into wakefulness and drowsiness. Slow-wave sleep decreased and stage 2 increased. REM sleep was markedly reduced, especially initially, and there was a withdrawal rebound. Viloxazine impaired subjective concentration mood, and quality of sleep. Three volunteers, however, had striking mood elevation. The drug caused a small loss of weight, which correlated with gastrointestinal symptoms. Three older subjects experienced withdrawal vomiting and prostration. Viloxazine shares properties with imipramine and with amphetamines.