Feeling Of Satiety Research Articles

The Prebiotic Index of Dried-Growol Made with Different Cassava Varieties and Cooking Methods

<p>Cassava is a staple food source of carbohydrates that contain high starch levels. However, low amylose starch consumption can result in increased postprandial blood sugar. Therefore, it is necessary to provide food based on cassava, such as dried-<em>growol</em>, which gives a feeling of satiety for a long time and has a prebiotic effect. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of cassava varieties and cooking methods on the resistant starch (RS) content and the prebiotic index of dried-<em>growol</em> produced. This research was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely cassava variety (M = <em>Mentega</em>, L = <em>Lanting</em>, and K = <em>Ketan</em>) and dried-<em>growol</em> cooking method (Au = Autoclave, ST = Steaming, and PC = Pressure cooker). Dried-<em>growol</em> was processed through preparation, fermentation, boiling, cooling, and drying. The cassava and dried-<em>growol</em> were analyzed for their moisture, starch, amylose, and RS content, while the prebiotic index was analyzed on dried-<em>growol.</em> Prebiotic index testing used two cultures of lactic acid bacteria: <em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</em> and <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em>. The results showed that RS levels were only influenced by cassava varieties. Dried-<em>growols</em> from the <em>Lanting</em> variety, cooked with steaming (L-ST) and with a pressure cooker (L-PC), contain high RS, ranging between 22.51 and 27.03 g 100 g<sup>-1</sup> dry matter, and have potential as prebiotic food as indicated by the increased viability of <em>L. rhamnosus</em> and <em>L. plantarum</em> bacteria grown in media with cooked dried-<em>growol </em>supplements of L-ST or L-PC, with a prebiotic index between 0.82 and 0.90. Thus, dried-<em>growol</em> has the potential to be a functional prebiotic food that can serve as a staple food that is beneficial for health.</p>

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a family of drugs, most well known by the third-generation once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide, that act on the incretin pathway of metabolic, hormonal signaling to modulate pancreatic insulin release, gastric emptying, energy intake, and subjective feelings of satiety. This class of drugs' efficacy and safety in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been demonstrated across multiple large randomized controlled trials. These data have propelled GLP-1 receptor agonists to ubiquity in diabetic management and weight loss therapy, leading them to be frequently encountered in ophthalmic practice. The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide on diabetic retinopathy (DR) is at this point unclear; some studies indicate a worsening of DR with the initiation of GLP-1 agonists, especially semaglutide. Overall, the macrovascular reduction of cardiovascular and stroke risks from GLP-1 receptor agonists should be prioritized over the potential microvascular progression of DR, as long as the patient is regularly followed by ophthalmology.

An Overview of Potential Benefits for General Health and Weight Management by Consuming of Chia Seedsaa

Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) have undoubtedly Attain Approval in current time due to their nourishing advantages. They are Famous for their huge composition of omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for cardiac and central nervous systems. Also, chia seeds are Affluent in nutritive microfibers, which can help in assimilation and allow an affection of satiety; chia seeds have a huge contentof proteins and derivatives, so considered a good origin of proteins. These proteins and derivatives are necessary for different bodily Concerns, including muscle rebuilding and development, enzyme protraction. A way from the twenty certified proteins, dozen are included in the standardized metabolism techniques of plant corpuscle, and the tarrying 8 are exactly connected to the rendering and preservation of plant fats, indicating that the huge content of fats in chia seeds, which is responsible for thirty percent of their content. Also, chia seeds are Distinctly Loaded in omega-3 fatty acids, hatch twenty percent of their fats content. The residences of these proteins are interrelated to fats generation and preservation enlighten on why chia seeds are an important origin of omega-3 fatty acids and other advantageous fats. Chia seeds are a rich nutrient because of their super content and good effects on the health. Also, Weight controlling, Chia seeds are loaded in natural or artificial substance and nitrogenous matter, which can aid in assist a feeling of satiety and decrease calories consumption.

Weight control issues: perspectives in aesthetic medicine

Over the past 30 years, the number of people with obesity has almost doubled in the world – a chronic disease accompanied by progressive metabolic disorders and an increased risk of developing diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, etc. The rapidly growing number of overweight adults and adolescents, the severity and low efficiency of existing traditional methods of treating obesity, prompt the search for the most effective and safe methods of therapy. Semaglutide is a glucan-like peptide 1 agonist that has demonstrated promising efficacy not only in glycemic control, but also in weight loss by delaying gastric emptying, enhancing and prolonging the feeling of satiety, reducing appetite and energy consumption. The article discusses the main mechanisms of action of semaglutide, and also presents data from STEP studies on the efficacy and safety of semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg per week in patients with obesity or overweight without diabetes mellitus.

Obesity as a medical and social problem

The article is a brief review of the relevant scientific literature published in the PubMed database in 2004–2024 on the epidemiology, etiology, treatment and prevention of obesity. The description of the key risk factors for the development of obesity is given, among them genetic factors, family history, psychological causes, and anesthetic marketing. The data on modern approaches to the treatment of obesity, including adherence to a low-calorie diet, adequate physical activity, taking medications that reduce appetite, enhance the feeling of satiety and reduce fat metabolism, are presented. It is noted that it is necessary to implement measures that lie outside the competence of medical organizations, such as ensuring the availability of healthy food and limiting the availability of fast food, changing the formulation of high-calorie products, labeling products and educating the population.

Short-term high-fat and high-carb diet effects on glucose metabolism and hedonic regulation in young healthy men.

Daily dietary intake of macronutrients and energy is closely associated with long-term metabolic health outcomes, but whether 24-h nutritional intervention under isocaloric conditions leads to changes in metabolism remains unclear. Moreover, the short-term effect of diets with different macronutrient composition on hedonic appetite regulation is less clear. This study examined the impact of an acute high-fat (F+) and high-carbohydrate (C+) diet on glucose metabolism and hedonic regulation of food intake in young healthy men under controlled conditions. Using a cross-over design, 19 male participants received a one-day isocaloric diet with different macronutrient composition (F+ = 11% carbohydrates, 74% fat; C+ = 79% carbohydrates, 6% fat) compared to a control diet (CON = 55% carbohydrates, 30% fat). Protein content was set at 15% of energy in all diets. The feeling of hunger, as well as "liking" and "wanting" for foods, was assessed through visual analog scales, and blood samples for glucose, insulin, and cortisol levels were assessed repeatedly during the experimental day. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was conducted the next morning. Postprandial glucose and insulin levels were lowest in F+ over the 24 h. Except for dinner, the CON diet showed the highest mean values in glucose. F+ diet improved insulin resistance, lowering Homeostatis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values. Changes in hedonic regulation of food intake were not observed during the intervention between the diets, except for higher feelings of satiety under the CON diet. An acute, isocaloric, high-fat diet improved insulin resistance even in healthy individuals but did not affect hedonic food intake regulation. Macronutrient composition modulate glucose metabolism even under short-term (24-h) and isocaloric diets, which should be considered for personalized preventive dietary treatments.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CHROMIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN WITH OBESITY AND THE COMBINATION OF OBESITY WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Background. The study of the role of micro- and macroelements in the human body is considered a promising direction of modern science. The relationship between the deficiency of certain elements and the risk of developing certain diseases has been proven. A number of scientists indicate the probable effectiveness of chromium preparations in the treatment of obesity. In separate studies, it has been reported that low levels of chromium in the blood plasma correlate with high blood pressure in patients. It has also been proven that elimination of chromium deficiency in adult patients reduces anxiety and improves mental performance. However, there is currently a significant lack of data on the role of chromium supplementation in children. Aim: to assess the impact of chromium supplementation in school-age children with obesity and comorbidity of hypertension and obesity on quality of life, tolerance to physical exertion and anthropometric indicators. Materials and methods. 25 school-age patients with obesity and comorbidity of arterial hypertension and obesity took part in the study. Results. After chromium supplementation, 92% of children noted an improvement in general well-being, 60% of patients noted a decrease in the frequency and intensity of headaches, 60% of children noted a decrease in the feeling of hunger and an acceleration of the feeling of satiety during meals. A significant improvement in attention concentration, memory and performance in school classes. In 80% of children, a subjective improvement in physical performance was found. After two months of taking chromium preparations, no changes in the quality of emotional and social functioning were recorded in children. In obese patients after chromium supplementation, the Rufier test decreased from 13.4 ± 1.5 to 9.0 ± 1.1 p<0.05, in children with a combination of hypertension and obesity - from 15.2 ± 1, 2 to 11.5±1.3 p<0.05. In 100% of the treated children, a decrease in anthropometric indicators was recorded. In children with obesity, body weight decreased by 8.2%±1.4 from the initial results, body mass index by 8.4%±1.7, waist circumference by 9.0%±2.1, ratio of waist circumference to height by 8.3%±2.9. In children with comorbidity of arterial hypertension and obesity, body weight decreased by 8.1%±1.4, body mass index by 8.1%±1.0, waist circumference by 7.1%±2.3 compared to the initial values, the ratio of waist circumference to height by 8.5%±2.7. The average indicators of the ratio of waist circumference to height in treated children decreased from 0.56 ± 0.05 to 0.51 ± 0.02 (р=0.037), which indicates a decrease in the mass of adipose tissue in the body. Conclusion. Thus, the data we discovered make chromium supplementation promising for obesity and its combination with hypertension in school-aged children.

Sustainable Business Development Strategy In Cassava Cracker Production Business

Cassava is a plant originating from Central and South America, as a type of tuber plant that has high carbohydrates. As many people know, food made from cassava will give a feeling of satiety, so in some regions in Indonesia cassava is used as a staple food as a substitute for rice. As a root crop that cannot last long, some people take the initiative to process cassava into dry food that can be stored for several months but still has a good taste as a snack or food accompaniment. Several groups of housewives took the initiative to process cassava into savory and crispy crackers, and can increase family income. As a cassava cracker processor in the countryside, it still uses a chopper for raw materials that are still simple to produce cassava crackers. The purpose of this study is to find out the level of effectiveness of cassava cracker processing so that it has more selling value and export quality, with a strategy that can develop a sustainable business, so that it becomes one of the products that is competitive and exported abroad. In terms of production, cassava cracker orders are quite promising, but are still constrained by several conditions that result in not fulfilling all orders. This makes the researcher intend to help producers to be able to increase the production of cassava crackers that have characteristics and can be competitive until they are exported abroad. The strategies offered will have an impact on improving business results and sustainable and competitive cracker production processes, testing the quality of cassava crackers, packaging and branding, and marketing strategies. The expected output is that researchers can contribute to sustainable business development for producers and can be published in international journals.

A randomized controlled trial to assess if changing sleep timing can improve glucose metabolism in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

BackgroundSocial jetlag is a chronic disruption of sleep timing that is characterized by different sleep timing during workdays and free days. Social jetlag has been associated with disturbed glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and increased risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aim to investigate whether a combination of bright light therapy in the morning, bright light reduction in the evening and sleep advance instructions for 3 weeks reduces social jetlag and if this results in improvement of glycemic and metabolic control, sleep, mood and quality of life after 3 and 12 weeks in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes and to assess possible mediators, compared to regular sleep habits.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 60 people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes with > 1 h social jetlag will be recruited. The intervention consists of bright light therapy (5000 lx) emitted by Vitamine-L (Lumie, UK) for 30 min each morning, combined with the advice to follow sleep advance instructions and to wear bright light-dimming goggles every evening for a period of 3 weeks. The control group adheres to their regular sleep habits and conditions. The primary outcome is glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after 12 weeks comparing the intervention and control in an intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcomes at 3 and 12 weeks are (1) social jetlag; (2) insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose, glucose-lowering medication use, and frequency of perceived hypoglycemia; (3) metabolic outcomes, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage, and blood pressure; (4) mood, including depression, fatigue and anxiety (measured with questionnaires); and (5) quality of life measured using EQ5D questionnaire. To assess other factors that might play a role as possible mediators, we will measure (para)sympathetic nervous system activity assessed with ECGs and electrochemical skin conductance tests, sleep quality and sleep phase distribution assessed with a sleep measuring headband (ZMax), the Dim Light Melatonin Onset in saliva samples (in a subgroup) at 3 and 12 weeks, the feeling of satiety and satiation with a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS), diet using a food frequency questionnaire, and physical activity using an accelerometer (ActiGraph).DiscussionSocial jetlag can contribute to poorer glycemic control and metabolic control in those with type 2 diabetes. With this intervention, we aim to reduce social jetlag and thereby improve glycemic and metabolic control. This could offer a way to improve overall population health and to reduce the disease burden of type 2 diabetes.Trial registrationISRCTN registry ISRCTN11967109. Registered on 9 May 2024.

Millets have the potential to increase satiety and reduce the feeling of hunger: a systematic review

A systematic review was conducted to understand the satiety value of millets and their ability to lessen the feeling of hunger. Only six eligible studies had the relevant information for this analysis. These studies compared millet-based foods with refined rice, potatoes, wheat, oats, and rye and found that millets have the potential to lower the hunger index. The proposed mechanism suggests that millets’ richness in fiber is responsible for increasing gastric volume and prolonging gastric emptying time. Millet-based food stays longer in the stomach, thereby prolonging the feeling of satiety or fullness. Fiber also helps to slow down the release of glucose into the blood. Furthermore, the protein in millets increases insulin sensitivity, which also reduces the glucose response. This proposed mechanism, which increases satiety and delays the glucose response, is responsible for lowering the blood lipid profile and promoting weight loss.

Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of dietary or lifestyle interventions for hypothalamic obesity: A systematic review

Background & AimsA dysfunctional hypothalamus may result in decreased feelings of satiety (hyperphagia), decreased energy expenditure, and increased fat storage as a consequence of hyperinsulinemia. Hypothalamic dysfunction may thus lead to morbid obesity and can be encountered in childhood as a consequence of congenital, genetic, or acquired disorders. There is currently no effective treatment for hypothalamic obesity (HO). However, comparable to alimentary obesity, dietary and lifestyle interventions may be considered the cornerstones of obesity treatment. We questioned the effect of dietary or lifestyle interventions for HO and systematically searched the literature for evidence on feasibility, safety, or efficacy of dietary or lifestyle interventions for childhood hypothalamic overweight or obesity. MethodsA systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (including Cochrane Library), EMBASE, and CINAHL (May 2023). Studies assessing feasibility, safety, or efficacy of any dietary or lifestyle intervention in children with hypothalamic overweight or obesity, were included. Animal studies, studies on non-diet interventions, and studies with no full text available were excluded. Because the number of studies to be included was low, the search was repeated for adults with hypothalamic overweight or obesity. Risk of bias was assessed with an adapted Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. Descriptive data were described, as pooled-data analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity of included studies. ResultsIn total, twelve studies were included, with a total number of 118 patients (age 1 – 19 years) of whom one with craniopharyngioma, one with ROHHAD-NET syndrome, 50 with monogenic obesity, and 66 with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Four studies reported a dietary intervention as feasible. However, parents did experience difficulties with children still stealing food, and especially lowering carbohydrates was considered to be challenging. Seven studies reported on efficacy of a dietary intervention: a well-balanced restrictive caloric diet (30% fat, 45% carbohydrates, and 25% protein) and various hypocaloric diets (8-10 kcal/cm/day) were considered effective in terms of weight stabilization or decrease. No negative effect on linear growth was reported. Four studies reported on specific lifestyle interventions, of which three also included a dietary intervention. Combined dietary and lifestyle intervention resulted in decreased BMI, although BMI returned to baseline values on long-term. One additional study was identified in adults after brain trauma and showed a significant reduction in BMI in one out of eight patients after a combined dietary and lifestyle intervention. ConclusionsHypocaloric diet or restrictive macronutrient diet with lower percentage of carbohydrates seems feasible and effective for childhood HO, although most of the studies had a high risk of bias, small cohorts without control groups, and were conducted in children with PWS only, compromising the generalizability. Lifestyle interventions only resulted in BMI decrease in short-term, indicating that additional guidance is needed to sustain its effect in the long-term. Literature on feasibility and efficacy of a dietary or lifestyle intervention for hypothalamic overweight or obesity is scarce, especially in children with acquired HO (following treatment for a suprasellar tumor). There is need for prospective (controlled) studies to determine which dietary and lifestyle intervention are most helpful for this specific patient group.

The ileal, total tract and postileal digestibility of compound feeds either rich in wheat or rye in an ileo-caecal fistulated minipig model

ABSTRACT Environmental issues and concerns about animal welfare display current challenges in animal husbandry and feeding. Rye, a cereal that has scarcely been used in animal feed in recent decades, could help address some of the challenges in pig feeding as a climate friendly and health promoting feed ingredient. Distinct constituents of rye – especially its non-starch-polysaccharides (NSP) – are fermented in the large intestine while short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are produced in that process. This can promote gut health and the feeling of satiety in pigs. To examine the site of the digestion of rye within the digestive tract in comparison to wheat as a widely used ingredient in pig diets, two diets with high shares of either wheat or rye (each 69.0%) were fed to ileo-caecally fistulated, adult minipigs. Ileal digesta and faeces were collected and ileal, total tract and postileal digestibility rates were calculated. In the apparent ileal digestibility (AID), significant differences were only found for organic matter (OM) and Nitrogen-free extract (NfE) with lower values for the rye-rich diets (77.2 ± 2.00 vs. 73.8 ± 2.01% and 79.8 ± 2.56 vs. 75.3 ± 2.61%, respectively). These differences could not be recovered for the total tract digestibility (ATTD − 90.2 ± 2.16 vs. 89.8 ± 1.94% and 93.0 ± 1.69 vs. 92.8 ± 1.37%, respectively), resulting in an elevated postileal digestibility which was significant for NfE (13.2 ± 2.42 vs. 17.5 ± 2.77%). Therefore, rye can be used to promote hindgut fill and fermentation in pig feeding, especially in restrictively fed animals such as pregnant sows.

Gastrointestinal Tract and Kidney Injury Pathogenesis in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.

COVID-19 is a global health emergency that requires worldwide collaboration to control its spread. The scientific community is working to understand the different aspects of the post-COVID-19 syndrome and potential treatment strategies. Interestingly, there have been reports of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement in the post-COVID-19 syndrome, suggesting the presence of both severe and mild GIT disorders. The development of the post-COVID-19- GIT syndrome involves various factors, such as impaired GIT mucosa cells, disruptions in the feeling of satiety, reduced blood supply due to the formation of small blood clots, and increased prostaglandin secretion caused by an excessive immune response. GIT symptoms have been observed in around 16% of COVID-19 patients. Other complications include kidney damage and prolonged impairment in the filtration and excretion functions of the glomeruli and tubules. The pathogenesis of post-COVID-19 renal syndrome involves factors, like an overactive immune response, reduced lung perfusion and oxygenation, viral infection in kidney tissues, endothelial dysfunction, and decreased blood volume. Roughly 20% of hospitalized patients experience renal manifestations after recovering from COVID-19.

Preparation and Characterization of Soluble Dextrin Fibre from Potato Starch Obtained on a Semi-Industrial Scale

Currently, dietary fibre intake is low, which is one of the reasons for the global obesity epidemic and other metabolic disorders. Dietary fibre has many documented health-promoting properties, such as a prebiotic effect, inducing feelings of satiety and reducing postprandial glucose. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in the search for new products rich in dietary fibre. One of the sources of dietary fibre may be resistant dextrins obtained as a result of dextrinization of starch. In this study, soluble dextrin fibre (SDexF) was prepared by heating potato starch in the presence of hydrochloric and citric acids on a semi-industrial scale in the prototype dextriniser. The aim of the study was the optimisation of the preparation of SDexF on a semi-industrial scale and the physicochemical characterisation of the obtained product. Also, the molecular structure of the prepared product was analysed by using SEM and FTIR. The semi-industrial production of SDexF was successfully implemented, achieving approximately 100 times higher product quantities in one process cycle. SDexF was characterised by over 30% total dietary fibre (TDF) content, almost 100% water solubility, low viscosity and no retrogradation tendency. The physicochemical and functional properties of the obtained product indicate the possibility of implementing SDexF to enrich food products.

Positive Feeding Practices During Childhood Are Associated With Higher Intuitive Eating in Adulthood

ABSTRACT Background Parental restrictive feeding and pressure to eat have been negatively associated with intuitive eating. However, parental feeding practices that promote intuitive eating are less understood. Purpose To examine caregiver feeding practices that may promote intuitive eating and the moderating effect of gender. Method A cross-sectional survey with 941 U.S. adults who completed the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 and recalled their primary childhood caregiver(s)’ feeding practices. Results Ensuring the availability of healthful foods at home was associated with higher intuitive eating among both female (b = 0.147, P < .001) and male (b = 0.091, P = .018) participants. Encouraging diet diversity (b = 0.095, P = .009) was associated with higher intuitive eating among female participants only, whereas honoring children’s hunger and satiety feelings (b = 0.136, P = .001) was associated with higher intuitive eating among male participants only (adjusted for participants’ current age, education, and income). Discussion Findings established links between positive caregiver feeding practices and higher intuitive eating, with gender playing a moderating role. Translation to Health Education Practice The design and results of the study relate to the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing Inc. responsibilities, competencies, and subcompetencies (areas I, II, IV, and V). A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI) http://portal.shapeamerica.org/trn-Webinars

Periodontal Treatment Improves Dyspepsia caused by Erosive Gastritis: A Case Report

Dyspepsia is a condition resulting from problems related to poor digestion and changes in the sensitivity of the stomach mucosa. It is usually related to diseases such as gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer and neoplasms of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Dyspepsia is strongly related to the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria. Dyspepsia is characterised by pain, pyrosis (heartburn or a burning sensation), anorexia (loss of appetite), abdominal distention, gastric bloating, eructation, flatulence, nausea and a feeling of satiety. Fantogeusia (bitter taste) and halitosis can also be observed. The purpose of this article is to present the case of a patient with dyspepsia caused by erosive gastritis. After periodontal treatment and control of the periodontal disease, an improvement in the symptoms of dyspepsia was reported.

Physiology and pharmacology of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor

Modern approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are aimed not only at glycemic control, but also at reducing cardiovascular risks. The increasing prevalence of the disease and the need for effective treatment options highlight the importance of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in the pharmacotherapy structure.The aim of the work was to review the literature regarding the physiology of GLP-1 and the therapeutic potential and development trends of its agonists.Materials and methods. The search for the review materials was carried out using the abstract databases of PubMed, Google Scholar and e-Library. The search was carried out for publications from 2000 to 2023, using the following keywords: “GLP-1”; “GLP-1R agonists”; “GIP”; “exenatide”; “liraglutide”; “dulaglutide”; “semaglutide”; “lixisenatide”; “albiglutide”; “taspoglutide” taking into account various spellings.Results. The interaction of almost all food components with enteroendocrine cells of the intestine leads to the secretion of incretins (primarily GLP-1) into the blood, triggering a complex of physiological reactions aimed primarily at the rapid utilization of incoming glucose (regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion), as well as the central regulation of dietary behavior (slowing gastric emptying and the formation of a feeling of satiety). A wide distribution of the GLP-1 receptor in various tissues and organs, its connection with intracellular signaling cascades aimed at launching energy-consuming remodeling (recovery) processes in endothelial cells, heart, neurons, beta cells, etc., is the basis for a wide range of pleiotropic effects of GLP-1 unrelated to its hypoglycemic effect. The discovery of synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonists with a long period of action has made it possible not only to therapeutically influence various parts of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, but also to increase the functional reserves of the target diabetes organs, reducing the risk of developing complications of the disease. Incretin-like drugs are well tolerated, with nausea being the most common side effect. The factors limiting a wider use of the drugs include their high cost and the preferred form of a subcutaneous solution. The current research is focused on the development of long-acting, oral, dual and triple agonists, fixed-dose combinations, and small molecule drugs.Conclusion. GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of effective and safe drugs for the treatment of diabetes and obesity, which is rapidly developing in the most advanced areas of pharmacy. A further development of this group and the solution of the identified problems will open up new opportunities for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ХЛЕБА ИЗ ЛЬНЯНОЙ МУКИ С СЕМЕНАМИ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА И БЕЛОГО КУНЖУТ

Bread and bakery products are considered an integral part of nutrition in every person's life. In this article, we will consider flaxseed bread with sunflower seeds and white sesame seeds, also study the physico-chemical parameters of this bread, give an organoleptic assessment of the finished bakery product, study the effect of flaxseed flour on human health, the quality of the finished bread and storage. Currently, the number of people suffering from diseases such as type I and II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, atherosclerosis is increasing, which necessitates the creation of new products. Flaxseed bread with sunflower seeds and white sesame has a number of useful properties due to the composition of the ingredients. Rich in omega-3 fatty acids: flaxseed flour contains alpha-linolenic acid, which helps to improve heart function and reduce inflammatory processes in the body. High fiber content: flaxseed flour and sunflower seeds are good sources of dietary fiber, which contribute to the normalization of intestinal function, help control blood sugar levels and promote a feeling of satiety. Antioxidant properties: Sunflower seeds contain vitamins E and B, as well as other antioxidants that help protect the body's cells from damage caused by free radicals. Strengthening the immune system: sesame is rich in minerals such as calcium, magnesium and zinc, which are necessary to maintain the normal functioning of the immune system. Bone Health Support: Sesame is an excellent source of calcium, which is important for bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis. Protein source: All three ingredients — flaxseed flour, sunflower seeds and sesame seeds — contain protein, which makes this bread a good source of vegetable protein. Cholesterol reduction: flaxseeds can help in lowering cholesterol levels in the blood, which is beneficial for the cardiovascular system. Benefits for skin and hair: Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E contribute to improving the condition of skin and hair. Bread with these ingredients is an excellent choice for those who strive for a healthy diet and want to include more healthy foods in their diet.

Does myo-inositol supplementation influence oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

Myo-inositol (MI) is a carbocyclic sugar polyalcohol. MI has known to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MI supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 51 newly diagnosed obese patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive either MI (4 g/day) or placebo supplements accompanied by dietary recommendations for 8 weeks. Oxidative stress biomarkers, nutritional status, as well as liver enzymes and obesity indices were assessed pre- and post-intervention. A total of 48 patients completed the trial. Although anthropometric measures and obesity indices decreased significantly in both groups, the between-group differences adjusted for confounders were non-significant for these parameters, except for weight (p = .049); greater decrease was observed in the MI group. Iron and zinc intakes decreased significantly in both groups; however, between-group differences were non-significant at the end of the study. No significant between-group differences were revealed for other antioxidant micronutrients at the study endpoint. Sense of hunger, feeling to eat, desire to eat sweet and fatty foods reduced significantly in both groups (p < .05), while the feeling of satiety increased significantly in the placebo group (p = .002). No significant between-group differences were observed for these parameters, except for desire to eat fatty foods; a greater decrease was observed in the MI group (p = .034). Serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased in both study groups (p < .05); however, the between-group differences were non-significant at the end of the study. Furthermore, the between-group differences were non-significant for other oxidative stress biomarkers, except for serum nitric oxide (NO) level; a greater decrease was observed in the MI group. MI supplementation could significantly improve weight, desire to eat fatty foods, serum levels of NO, as well as the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT ratio.

Actualités de la pharmacothérapie de l’obésité en 2023: Novelties in obesity pharmacotherapy in 2023

Significant progress have been made in the management of obesity thanks to the emergence of effective drug treatments, combined with dietary advice and regular physical activity. Unlike previous drugs tested, these new therapies allow for significant weight loss without serious side effects. They act primarily by increasing feelings of satiety and reducing food intake without frustration. GLP1 receptor agonists, such as liraglutide and semaglutide, are already recommended therapeutic options for the management of obesity in France. This review examines the mechanisms, efficacy, and side effects of the main drugs currently available on prescription.© 2023 Société francophone nutrition clinique et métabolisme (SFNCM).Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.