Feelings Of Discomfort Research Articles

Does Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation Impact the Effort Capacity of Competitive Road Cyclists?

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on the physical capacity and selected health indicators related to the exercise capacity of competitive road cyclists such as body composition, markers of intestinal permeability, pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, and anti-/pro-oxidant potential. (2) Methods: The group comprised 26 competitive road cyclists aged between 18 and 26. The study was a 4-month double-blind, random-assignment, parallel-group, and placebo-controlled trial. The measurements of physical capacity in the exercise tests of the anaerobic Wingate test (the level of total work volume, maximal anaerobic power, average power per revolution, mean time to achieve maximal anaerobic power, and time to maintain maximal anaerobic power) and the aerobic test using a cycle ergometer (maximum oxygen uptake, exercise duration, maximum load power, and maximal heart rate) were repeated after one, three, and four months. (3) Results: The probiotic supplementation resulted in increased levels of the relative magnitude of maximal oxygen uptake (65.28 vs. 69.18), the duration of training until failure (14.35 vs. 15.65), the load on the ergometer (5.11 vs. 5.36), and the degree of decrease in heart rate (193.3 vs. 188.6) together with a feeling of less discomfort during the exercise test (Borg scale) (19.38 vs. 18.43), confirming the beneficial effect of probiotics on the cyclists’ aerobic capacity during exercise. The probiotic supplementation produces no effects on the anaerobic capacity and body composition of the athletes, except for an observed increase in muscle mass. The concentration of zonulin in the stool mass decreased as a result of the probiotic therapy (81.2 vs. 25.21), and α1-atitrypsin was maintained at a similar level during the experiment (0.95 vs. 1.05), indicating a sealing of the intestinal barrier and beneficial changes in the cyclists’ intestinal function. The supplementation resulted in a reduction in the concentrations of: tumor necrosis factor TNF-α after the aerobic (13.88 vs. 9.75) and anaerobic tests (8.54 vs. 6.8), IL-6 before (1.2 vs. 0.86) and after the anaerobic test (1.47 vs. 0.97), IL-10 before the anaerobic test (0.70 vs. 0.44), and the total oxidative status (TOS) of the blood plasma before (663.7 vs. 484.6) and after the anaerobic test (643.1 vs. 435.9). (4) Conclusions: The probiotic supplementation resulted in increased levels of the cyclists’ aerobic capacity and their maintenance of anaerobic capacity and positively affected selected health indicators related to the exercise capacity of competitive road cyclists.

Characterizing Subjects Exposed to Humidifier Disinfectants Using Computed-Tomography-Based Latent Traits: A Deep Learning Approach.

Around nine million people have been exposed to toxic humidifier disinfectants (HDs) in Korea. HD exposure may lead to HD-associated lung injuries (HDLI). However, many people who have claimed that they experienced HD exposure were not diagnosed with HDLI but still felt discomfort, possibly due to the unknown effects of HD. Therefore, this study examined HD-exposed subjects with normal-appearing lungs, as well as unexposed subjects, in clusters (subgroups) with distinct characteristics, classified by deep-learning-derived computed-tomography (CT)-based tissue pattern latent traits. Among the major clusters, cluster 0 (C0) and cluster 5 (C5) were dominated by HD-exposed and unexposed subjects, respectively. C0 was characterized by features attributable to lung inflammation or fibrosis in contrast with C5. The computational fluid and particle dynamics (CFPD) analysis suggested that the smaller airway sizes observed in the C0 subjects led to greater airway resistance and particle deposition in the airways. Accordingly, women appeared more vulnerable to HD-associated lung abnormalities than men.

Attitudes et vécu des échographistes lors de l’annonce d’une anomalie fœtale

ObjectivesThis study's primary objective was to analyse the personal experience of different ultrasonographers during the announcement of suspected foetal abnormalities, seen either in screening or diagnostic ultrasound. The secondary objectives aimed to explore the factors influencing the announcement of the foetal abnormality, whether they complicated or facilitated the consultation. These also comprised the analysis of the knowledge, practice and attitudes of the healthcare professionals as well as the different techniques used during the consultation. Finally, this study aimed to analyse the various tools and skills used by ultrasonographers to improve the quality of their announcement of the diagnosis. MethodsThis qualitative study was based on both the observation of consultations and the results of semi-structured interviews with ultrasonographers, in a maternity hospital in France. ResultsThe results highlighted feelings of great discomfort for the ultrasonographers on discovering an abnormality on the scan. The different perceptions and practices regarding the announcement of a diagnosis varied between screening ultrasonographers and specialist doctors. The uncertainty of foetal prognosis seemed to complicate the announcement for specialist doctors. Qualities that made the communication of the diagnosis easier included the ultrasonographer's availability and their attitude. Although professional experience was considered a very powerful skill, training for the communication of a diagnosis accelerates the development of good medical practice. ConclusionsThe announcement of suspected foetal abnormalities is a difficult exercice, which impacts the ultrasonographer's personal experience and his attitude. Some professional practices are to be encouraged while others are to be put under question. A trust-based relationship between the healthcare professional and the patient is partly reinforced by the quality of the announcement and its follow-up, as well as the healthcare professional's thoroughness and humanity.

Effectiveness Of Classical Music Therapy And The Use Of Lavender Aromatherapy On Anxiety During Childbirth In Maternity

Anxiety is a feeling of discomfort or excessive fear of a person. Anxiety during childbirth is an inconvenience for the mother giving birth so that there is a fear of her birth. Anxiety can be overcome with non-pharmacological therapies such as classical music and lavender armmatherapy. To determine the effectiveness of classical music therapy and the use of lavender aromatherapy on anxiety during childbirth in women giving birth at Belinda Clinic. This study was conducted in a quasi-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design with a quantitative approach. The sample of this research is the total population of 30 mothers giving birth at Belinda Clinic by accidental sampling. when the research was conducted September, October, November, and December 2019. The results of univariate analysis are the majority of anxiety levels before being given treatment, namely moderate anxiety levels totaling 16 people (53.33%) and after treatment, the majority of mild anxiety levels are 18 people (60%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a difference before and after the level of anxiety during childbirth using classical music therapy and the use of lavender aromatherapy with a p-value of 0.000 Conclusions and Suggestions: the health sector, especially midwives, to reduce anxiety levels in maternity mothers by using classical music therapy and the use of lavender aromatherapy

"Sympathy" vs."Empathy": Comparing experiences of I2Audits and disability simulations.

People with disability often experience stigma and discrimination, and people with disability in rural areas may experience these at higher rates. Additionally, people with disability in rural areas may have fewer opportunities for physical and social participation due to barriers in the built environment. Activities such as disability simulations and inclusive, interdisciplinary community planning workshops (i.e., I2Audits) seek to draw awareness to and address these problematic experiences. The present study used thematic analysis from qualitative research to examine the advantages and disadvantages of using disability simulations and I2Audits in rural communities. Findings suggest that disability simulations increase stigmatization, lead to feelings of embarrassment and discomfort, and do not capture the experiences of people with disability. On the other hand, I2Audits lead to meaningful environmental changes, create feelings of empowerment, and center the lived experiences of people with disability within a bio-psycho-social model of disability. Results suggest that not only can I2Audits be a powerful tool to draw attention to physical barriers that people with disability face, but they also draw attention to the multi-level changes needed to increase opportunities for participation and address sources of stigma and discrimination in rural areas.

RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS OF LOW BACK PAIN IN EMPLOYEES OF DRINKING WATER STORE IN MEDAN SELAYANG SUB-DISTRICT

Background. Low back pain is defined as feeling of pain and discomfort in the area between the costal margin and inferior gluteal fold, with or without radiating pain. In Indonesia, LBP was fifth ranks in term of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Aim. This study aims to determine risk factors for LBP in employees of drinking water store in Medan Selayang sub-District, Medan. Method. This research is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. This study used consecutive sampling method. Minimum sample size in this study was 97 samples. Subjects in this study were employees of drinking water store in Medan Selayang sub-District. Data used in this study was primary data from samples through filling out questionnaires. Analysis used in this study was univariate analysis, bivariate with chi-square, and multivariate with logistic regression. Result. From 100 samples, 39 respondents (39%) experienced LBP. Based on bivariate analisis, p value ≤ 0.05 was found for age, body mass index, and duration of work. P value ≥ 0.05 was obtained for years of work and lifting frequency. Based on multivariate analysis with regression logistic, p value ≤ 0.05 was obtained for body mass index (p = 0.089) and work duration (p = 0.011) which indicated that work duration was the most dominant risk factor. Conclusion. There’s a relationship between age, body mass index, and work duration with the work duration being the most dominant risk factor for the incidence of low back pain in water gallon worker. .

Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and family psychoeducation on anxiety and body image of diabetic ulcer patients

Background: Diabetic ulcers are complications of diabetes mellitus in the form of neuropathy and ischemia. Diabetic ulcer patients experience wounds on the legs, which take a long time to heal, so they are prone to experience anxiety and body image disturbance. Anxiety is an unclear fear accompanied by uncertainty and discomfort feelings, while body image disturbance is an unclear perception of the body's shape, structure, and function. The research objective was to determine the effect of nursing care, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and family psychoeducation on anxiety and body image of diabetic ulcer patients. We used a quantitative design with a Quasy Experimental Pre-Post with Control Group approach. There were 42 respondents involved in this study. The sampling method used the total sampling technique with a random sampling approach. The results and conclusions are anxiety, body image, and diabetic ulcer conditions experianced a decrease. The ability to accept and commit and the family's ability to care for them were significantly improved. Nursing care, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and family psychoeducation affected anxiety and body image of diabetic ulcer patients. It is expected that this research can be applied to overcome diseases with physical complications and psychosocial disorders.

Creating safety: Group reflections on surviving as a female, social work early career academic in the neoliberal academy

Female social work early career academics (ECAs) face many challenges within a neoliberal university context. The tension between balancing the social justice mission of the profession against the consumer model of higher education is conflicting and contributes to feelings of isolation and alienation. This article documents a group of female ECAs experiences by drawing on critical, post-modern and feminist knowledge traditions. The qualitative methodology used was collective autoethnography and critical reflection where the group documented and collectively analysed individual experiences of teaching social work education as female ECAs. The purpose of collating these experiences was to explore the emancipatory capacity of female agency as well as embodying what it is to be a female ECA. Vignettes were thematically examined in a three-part process including (1) reading and reviewing data; (2) categorising and group data and (3) finding themes and connecting these to the original data ( Chang et al., 2016 ). Analysis of the vignettes highlighted the tensions of working as female social justice educators within a neoliberal university causing feelings of oppression and discomfort. In finding one another, sharing and writing stories as well as a collective response this challenged the masculinist model which has been the norm within neoliberal universities. Female led support strategies coupled with the utilisation of feminist methodologies contributes to the emergence of a new, feminist and collectively safer academic culture.

I am a Muslim and Asian Woman in the United Kingdom

Utilizing an autoethnographic stance and method, this article is based on my experiences as a Malaysian postgraduate student in the United Kingdom. I draw upon my memories of dealing with Islamophobia and xenophobia while living there, as a Muslim and Asian woman. Anti-Asian sentiment and xenophobia can be experienced in many forms, ranging from feelings of discomfort to verbal insults and direct confrontation. As a visible Muslim and Asian woman, I reflect upon my own experience as a victim of verbal abuse on different occasions. This article offers an intersectional perspective taking into account interconnected and overlapping factors, such as gender, ethnicity and religion, to examine the multi-layered issues and challenges as an international student. I highlight the challenges in expressing and negotiating my intersectional identities while living temporarily abroad. Therefore, this article is important to raise awareness about Islamophobia as well as inadvertent or deliberate xenophobia towards Asian communities.

Affect, excess & settler colonialism in Palestine/Israel

ABSTRACT What happens when we pay attention to the sensations of our research? Based on an image and encounter during fieldwork in West Jerusalem, this article traces how a feeling of discomfort both confirms and challenges what we (think we) know about settler colonialism in Palestine/Israel. Rather than dismissing the moments when narratives, objects and exchanges generate unease, I suggest that exploring this ‘data’ attunes us to how settlers navigate the complex and contradictory conditions of coloniality – how they create resources for living. Structuralist accounts of settler colonialism are not fully capable of engaging this texture, even as they might invoke or attempt to harness emotion through mechanisms including the logic of elimination, settler indigenisation and heteropatriarchy. While thinking with this existing theory, I ask scholars and activists to consider what exceeds our dominant frames, following how affects spill over, attach and circulate among settler subjects in ways that have material consequences. This uneasy approach entails letting things play out, accepting our own implication in power and taking theorisation seriously as an ethical practice. At the same time, it is profoundly future-facing, enabling us to better identify what must be done as we work toward decolonial futures.

Clinical usefulness of cytokines as diagnostic and follow up markers in patients with stable angina pectoris

Background and aims: Angina pectoris is the discomfort felt when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen. The definition of stable angina is the presence of symptoms only with exertion. Chest pain, or its angina equivillant, is a defining feature, and it is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin when exercise is ceased. Often, this is one of the first symptoms or warning indications of underlying coronary disease. The proinflammatory state is believed to aggravate endothelial dysfunction by activating endothelial cells, releases cytokines and chemokines, which may be crucial in the atherosclerotic plaque formation which is the primary cause of angina pectoris. We studied the value of some cytokines and cardiac markers as a diagnostic and follow up markers in patients with stable angina. Methodology: The study was carried out on 50 patients diagnosed with stable angina pectoris, who visited Nasiriya Heart Center throughout the period from December 2021 to April 2022, and 20 age matched healthy person. IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 were assayed at baseline (hospital admission), 1 day and 1 week post-PCI by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, Troponin I (cTnl) was determined by using monoclonal cTnI-specific antibody.

Shape of the Uncanny Valley and Emotional Attitudes Toward Robots Assessed by an Analysis of YouTube Comments

The uncanny valley hypothesis (UVH) suggests that almost, but not fully, humanlike artificial characters elicit a feeling of eeriness or discomfort in observers. This study used Natural Language Processing of YouTube comments to provide ecologically-valid, non-laboratory results about people’s emotional reactions toward robots. It contains analyses of 224,544 comments from 1515 videos showing robots from a wide humanlikeness spectrum. The humanlikeness scores were acquired from the Anthropomorphic roBOT database. The analysis showed that people use words related to eeriness to describe very humanlike robots. Humanlikeness was linearly related to both general sentiment and perceptions of eeriness—-more humanlike robots elicit more negative emotions. One of the subscales of humanlikeness, Facial Features, showed a UVH-like relationship with both sentiment and eeriness. The exploratory analysis demonstrated that the most suitable words for measuring the self-reported uncanny valley effect are: ‘scary’ and ‘creepy’. In contrast to theoretical expectations, the results showed that humanlikeness was not related to either pleasantness or attractiveness. Finally, it was also found that the size of robots influences sentiment toward the robots. According to the analysis, the reason behind this is the perception of smaller robots as more playable (as toys), although the prediction that bigger robots would be perceived as more threatening was not supported.

The Effect Of Counter Pressure And Kneading Techniques On Reducing The Intensity Of Labor Pain In The First Stage Of Active Phase

Pain is a form of discomfort felt by the mother at the time of delivery. One way that can be used to overcome the problem of pain during labor is to apply massage techniques. Among them, the counter pressure massage technique can be done in the lumbar region using the heel of the hand or fist. And the kneading technique is massaging or squeezing using the palms of the hands or fingers to pinch some parts of the skin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of counter pressure and kneading techniques on reducing pain intensity in the first stage of normal delivery in primiparous mothers at BPM Evi Sriaayuningtyas. Method This type of research is a Quasi Experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design approach. The population in this study were all mothers who gave birth vaginally at BPM Evi Sriaayuningtyas in March-April 2022, a sample of 30 people was obtained using purposive sampling technique. Research Results: Based on the results of hypothesis testing using the Wilcoxon test, the value of < (0.000 < 0.05) stated that there was an effect of counter pressure techniques and kneading techniques on reducing pain intensity in the first stage. Conclusion The application of counter pressure techniques and kneading techniques can be used as a intervention in helping mothers in labor to cope with labor pain.

Students’ Anxiety in English Speaking Class at A Private Junior High School in East Java, Indonesia

One of the difficulties, speaking anxiety, has a significant impact on one’s capacity to speak a foreign language. Students are often hesitant to use English in class during their speaking performance. In line with this, the study aims to scrutinize the types of students’ anxiety and the factors that affect the student’s anxiety in English speaking class. Therefore, the case study as part of qualitative research design was employed to complete the study. The participants were the eighth graders of a private junior high school in East Java, Indonesia, that consisted of 22 students. The researchers obtained the data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the students experienced state anxiety, trait anxiety, and specific situation anxiety. Moreover, the factors that affected the students’ anxiety were test anxiety, communication apprehension, and fear of negative evaluation. According to the findings, English for Foreign Language (EFL) teachers should not only identify that anxiety is a fundamental factor in students' failure to learn a new language but also help them cope with their feelings of unease and discomfort.

The migraine postdrome: Clinical characterization, influence of abortive treatment and impact in the quality of life

ObjectiveTo determine the postdrome’s prevalence and characterize its clinical manifestations, to assess the impact of these symptoms on the patients' activities of daily living, work activity and quality of life and to assess the factors that influence the postdrome’s frequency and duration. MethodsOne hundred patients with migraine were screened about the occurrence of postdrome and its characteristics using a self-fulfilled questionnaire. ResultsNinety-four patients reported between 1 and 23 postdrome symptoms (mean 8.0 ± 4.3 symptoms). The most reported symptoms were fatigue, difficulty with concentration and head discomfort. The frequency of the headache did not influence the frequency of the postdrome but correlated with the number of postdrome symptoms and the postdrome’s duration. 82.8 % of patients reported an impact in quality of life. Most of the patients (77.4 %) did not report a difference in the duration of the postdrome when taking medication to relieve the migraine headache. Discomfort felt did not differ between patients prescribed with different abortive medication. Patients prescribed with NSAID reported more postdrome symptoms while patients prescribed with triptans identified a bigger impact in quality of life. ConclusionPostdrome symptoms are frequent, diverse and cause significant disability. Abortive treatment directed to pain control is not efficient in postdrome symptoms. Understanding this phase may enhance our understanding of migraine and lead to better therapeutic approaches.

Pandangan dan Sikap Warga Jemaat terhadap Pengidap Skizofrenia (Studi di GMIT Jemaat Pniel Oebobo Klasis Kota Kupang)

The inadequate understanding of society about mental disorders results in people behaving less pleasantly for those who experience it. The purpose of this study was to determine the views of the congregation towards members of the congregation with schizophrenia mental disorders. The author wants to find the support provided by the congregation for members of the congregation who experience schizophrenia at GMIT Pniel Oebobo, Klasis Kota Kupang. The research method used is qualitative. This research was conducted to obtain data for specific purposes and uses. The results of the study found that the attitudes and judgments of the congregation towards people with schizophrenia were handled accordingly. The attitude of the respondent has a feeling of discomfort when he is close to someone with schizophrenia. The whole group was shrouded in fear. Behaviour different from normal humans is a striking feature of a person with schizophrenia. The attitudes of the majority of people whom the authors interviewed revealed that they chose to avoid it when it coincided with the person with schizophrenia.

Clinical usefulness of cytokines as diagnostic and follow up markers in patients with stable angina pectoris

Background and aims: Angina pectoris is the discomfort felt when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen. The definition of stable angina is the presence of symptoms only with exertion. Chest pain, or its angina equivillant, is a defining feature, and it is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin when exercise is ceased. Often, this is one of the first symptoms or warning indications of underlying coronary disease. The proinflammatory state is believed to aggravate endothelial dysfunction by activating endothelial cells, releases cytokines and chemokines, which may be crucial in the atherosclerotic plaque formation which is the primary cause of angina pectoris. We studied the value of some cytokines and cardiac markers as a diagnostic and follow up markers in patients with stable angina. Methodology: The study was carried out on 50 patients diagnosed with stable angina pectoris, who visited Nasiriya Heart Center throughout the period from December 2021 to April 2022, and 20 age matched healthy person. IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 were assayed at baseline (hospital admission), 1 day and 1 week post-PCI by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN PRACTICING ARABIC’S MAHARAH KALAM AT THE ARABIC LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT IAIN LANGSA

Mah?rah kal?m (speaking skill) is one of four language skills for learning Arabic, the other three skills being istima' (listening), qir?’ah (reading), and kit?bah (writing). When learning to speak Arabic, students deal with both linguistic and non-linguistic challenges. This study used the descriptive analytical method with a qualitative approach to explore barriers in acquiring Arabic mah?rah kal?m. The subjects of this study were college students majoring in Arabic language education at IAIN Langsa, in Aceh. By means of interviews and questionnaire, the study found that impediments to mah?rah kal?m mastery were lack of self-confidence, limitations of introductory vocabulary, poor knowledge of grammar (qaw?’id) and of composition (tar?kib), and discomfort felt by listeners when lacking in conversational understanding. There were non-linguistic factors among the students too: differences in educational background; majoring in Arabic but not as a first choice; a limited language practice environment; and some limitations of teaching methodology. Accordingly, to improve students’ speaking skill, lecturers should seek to develop students’ motivation, memory, and practicing of speaking, by rehearsing examples from texts and from typical situations. To overcome barriers, academic lecturers should create supportive bi’ah lughawiyah, mandatory Arabic-day programs, and the use of media, such as YouTube, to expose students to new mufradah and pattern practices (ushlub).

Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Topical Anhydrous Formulation with 15% Pure Ascorbic Acid and Ginger as a Potent Antioxidant

Vitamin C is one of the naturally occurring antioxidants capable of reducing or preventing skin photoaging. Achieving a stable formulation with the optimal dose of ascorbic acid to ensure a biologically significant antioxidant effect is a challenge when developing cosmetic formulations. The objective of this study was to develop a stable formula in a non-aqueous media with 15% pure vitamin C supplemented with ginger and to study its efficacy, skin tolerance, and cosmetic assessment in 33 women. Vitamin C stability over time was determined via a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique versus an aqueous option. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination was quantified to provide antioxidant effect. A 56-day in vivo study was performed to evaluate skin luminosity and hyperpigmentation reduction. Skin acceptability was verified by a dermatologist. The HPLC studies demonstrated a high stability of the anhydrous formula compared to an aqueous option. The in vitro studies showed a reduction in ROS of 93% (p-value < 0.0001). In vivo, luminosity increased by 17% (p-value < 0.0001) and skin tone became 10% more uniform (p-value < 0.007). Moreover, very good skin tolerance was determined as the dermatologist did not determine any clinical signs, and the subjects did not report any feelings of discomfort. We were able to develop an anhydrous formula of pure vitamin C that combines very good stability, consumer acceptance, and skin tolerance with a high level of efficacy.

Effect of Back Support Belt on Musculoskeletal Discomfort During Simulated Manual Handling of Loads Among Male Agricultural Workers

Introduction: The usage of back support belt for manual handling activities particularly lifting/lowering of loads in occupational setting has been a sore point of conflicting agreement between industrial practitioners and academician on its effectiveness in prevention of back injuries. As such, this pre-test and post-test experimental study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of back support belt in reducing localized musculoskeletal discomfort among male agricultural workers. Methods: A total of 38 subjects were randomly assigned into control and intervention groups (19 subjects in each group). The subjects were required to carry out a series of lifting and lowering of incremental weight load similar to the protocol as described in Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation (PILE) techniques. After completing each lift, subjects were required to rate the discomfort felt in the back region using the Localized Musculoskeletal Discomfort questionnaire. Results: Results showed that only several pairs showing statistically significant differences with no discernible trend. Within the control group, the median calculated from group data showed an overall increased discomfort rating as the weight load increases except for 19.4kg but an overall decreased discomfort within intervention group. Comparison between control and intervention group for post-test results showed significant difference between 5.9kg and middle back although the trend of LMD ratings across body part investigated may suggest interesting relationship. Conclusion: Despite positive subjective perception amongst the wearer as conveyed by industrial practitioners, the epidemiological data, clinical trials, and various other experimental studies in the past few decades including in this study has not shown sufficient evidence of effectiveness.