High rates of burnout are observed among healthcare professionals, which could have negative consequences on personal and organizational levels. We aimed to evaluate the burnout prevalence and factors associated with burnout oncologists in Poland. A survey was conducted using the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) and additional work/lifestyle questions. Descriptive statistics, parametric and nonparametric tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with burnout. 211 physicians participated in the study. The majority were females (71.6%) and ≤40- years of age (70.1%). Clinical oncology/hematology was the most common specialization (79.6%). The median time of working in cancer care was 10 years (range 1-45), and 30.8% of participants were in-training. 65.9% have reported a subjective feeling of burnout. Based on the MBI-HSS, 74.9% showed evidence of burnout (burnout subdomains: depersonalization 37.0%; emotional exhaustion 64.5%; low accomplishment 43.1%), with no differences between specialization (oncology/hematology - 75.6%, radiotherapy - 72.1%), career stage, gender or age groups. The most commonly reported symptoms of burnout were feeling of excessive workload (71.9%) and lack of energy (71.1%). The main feeling associated with work were anxiety (55.7%), nervousness (36.4%), and indifference (32.0%). Lack of work/life balance was the only significant factor associated with the risk of burnout in logistic regression (RR 2.6; 95%CI 1.3-5.4). Only 20.9% had access to psychological support in their workplace; however, 70.1% wished to have it, mainly through individual consultations (56.4%). Three main factors impacting burnout in cancer care workers were: bureaucracy/administrative duties overload (63.2%), a high number of patients (49.1%), and poor work culture (40.4%). Burnout is common among medical and radiation oncologists in Poland. There is a high need for psychological support and organizational changes in the workplace to reduce risk and mitigate the adverse effects of burnout among healthcare professionals.