Feeding Technique Research Articles

Simulation of Wearable Microstrip Patch Antenna by Using Textile Material for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

Future enhancements in radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting technology will make easy the creation of a network with no need of dedicated transmitters, as a reliable source of wireless energy power. Recently, the development and employment of wearable antennas has increased rapidly for application in the miniaturization of wireless communication devices. The principal feature of wearable antennas is that they are designed as garment elements able to transmit or receive wireless signals. In this context, we propose a design of a wearable textile microstrip patch antenna operating for wireless body area network (WBAN)at the resonance frequency =2.40GHz. The microstrip patch antenna with an edge feeding technique is designed and simulated by using the Keysight Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Textile materials have a low dielectric constant that reduces the surface wave losses and increases the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. The chosen dielectric substrate in this work is the jeans fabric with relative permittivity of 1.70, thickness of 1.00 mm and dissipation factor of 0.025. The antenna performance parameters are obtained from ADS Momentum. Simulation results show that antenna has the gain of 3.22 dBi and directivity of 8.10 dBi, showing that the wearable textile microstrip antenna has a good performance.

BANDWIDTH AND GAIN ENHANCEMENT OF CUP SHAPED UWB MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA WITH DEFECTIVE GROUND PLANE FOR SUB-6 GHZ 5G APPLICATIONS

This paper presents the design of slotted ground plane and a circular ring slotted microstrip patch antenna for new radio (NR) band, sub-6 GHz, WLAN and Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) 5G applications. The design consists of cup -shaped microstrip patch antenna with a defective ground structure (DGS). The circular ring slot at the top of the patch and the modified rectangular slots at the bottom are helpful to improve the performance of the antenna, thereby increase the efficiency, bandwidth, gain and improved s-parameters. The proposed antenna is designed on FR4-epoxy substrate and inset feeding technique. The design and simulation of my proposed work are done using HFSS (ANSYS-Electronics suite 19.2×64 version). The antenna has a bandwidth of 2.56 GHz with maximum gain of 2.27 dB. The antenna operates for the bandwidth from 4.04GHz to 6.6 GHz which covers NR-New Radio band (3.4-4.2 GHz), Sub 6 GHz 5G band (n-79) (4.44-5.0 GHz), WLAN (5.15 - 5.35 GHz) and Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) band.

Development of an Edge Computing-Based Intelligent Feeding System for Observing Depth-Specific Feeding Behavior in Red Seabream

The supply of feed has a significant effect on fish growth and operation costs, making it a critical factor in aquaculture. Owing to the repetitive nature of feed supply, feeding techniques have undergone a shift from manual feeding to systems allowing operators to set feed quantities and timing, reducing labor efforts. However, unlike manual feeding, automatic systems cannot adjust the amount of feed supplied according to the feeding activities of fish, potentially resulting in overfeeding or underfeeding. Such overfeeding causes marine pollution and increases operational costs, whereas underfeeding hinders fish growth. In this study, we present an intelligent feeding system that observes the depth-specific feeding behavior of red seabream during the feeding process and determines whether feed supply must be continued. The performance of the feeding algorithm is evaluated by comparing the feed loss rate measured during a feeding experiment at a red seabream sea cage farm with that of the traditional manual feeding method. The results reveal that the feed supply per unit time of the manual method and the developed intelligent feed supply system is at an equivalent level. Moreover, the difference in the average feed loss rate is a negligible 1.16%, confirming that the new system is slightly more advantageous.

The Effect of Long Time of Storage on Physical Quality, Nutrient Content, and In Vitro Digestibility of Cattle Complete Feed

This research aimed to determine the effect of a long time of storage on physical quality, nutrient content, and in vitro digestibility of cattle complete feed. The research was carried out in Sidomulyo Village, Gunem District, Rembang Regency from March to October 2019. 15 drums of cattle complete feed (@ 25 kg) were used as materials. It was made from rice bran 4.10%; Penisitum purpureum (Odot grass) 60.60%; rice straw 12.70%; gliricidia 8.30%; corn stover 10.80%; molasses 1.60%; minerals 1.60%; table salt 0.20%; and starter 0.30%. This research used one treatment factor, namely the length of time of storage of cattle complete feed. These consisted of five treatments, namely: long time of storage of 0.0; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5; and 6.0 months. Each treatment was repeated three times. The cattle complete feed with all the long time of storage preferred by the cattle. The cattle complete feed could be stored in good quality for 3 months. The storage over 3 months caused the quality of the cattle’s complete feed to decrease. The crude protein content decreased with increasing storage time. The long time of storage did not affect the in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. the impact of feeding techniques was investigated. Applying the whole feed diet during the growing phase and up until the early fattening phase, and then concluding with concentrate and forage, did not significantly affect 1) SCF, 2) TMRGSCF

Bandwidth Enhancement of Comparator Applied in W-Band Circularly Polarized Monopulse Antenna

In this letter, a novel wideband comparator for W-band circularly polarized (CP) monopulse antenna is proposed and analyzed. The comparator mainly consists of four 3 dB waveguide couplers and a novel wideband phase shifter (PS). The bandwidth of the comparator is greatly enhanced by combining the sequential rotation feeding technique with the wideband PS technique for the first time. To verify its wideband performance, the CP monopulse antenna consisting of the comparator and a 2×2 CP horn array is fabricated and measured. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation. For the measured sum (Σ) channel, the reflection coefficient lower than -10 dB, the realized gain not less than 11.5 dBi, and the axial ratio (AR) better than 0.45 dB are realized in the whole W-band (75-110 GHz). For the measured azimuth (AZ) and elevation (EL) difference (Δ) channels, the null depths of the difference patterns are less than -25.8 dB at 80, 92.5, and 105 GHz, and the difference patterns are symmetrical and stable.

A microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communications

The advantages of microstrip patch antennas include small size, adaptable surface, ease of fabrication, and compatibility with integrated circuit technology. Numerous experiments have been done over the past few decades to enhance the performance of this antenna, and both military and commercial sectors have found many uses for it. This paper introduces a microstrip patch antenna with an operating frequency of 28GHz for 5G mobile communication. This research designed and simulated a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with 3.494 mm * 5.3 mm * 0.003 mm. The proposed antenna resonates at 28 GHz with a reflection coefficient of -24 dB, a bandwidth of 280 MHz, and a gain of 2.2 dBi. The inset feed technique matches the 50 Ω transmission line impedance. In the design, Rogers RT5880 substrate and copper ground are used. The antenna’s geometry was calculated, and simulated results were analyzed using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio. In conclusion, the proposed antenna has a reflection coefficient of -24 dB, VSWR of 1.24, an input impedance of 51.6Ω, and a gain of 2.2 dBi at operating frequency with a compact geometry can be used in 5G mobile communications. The future shift in resonance frequencies and beams can be considered to make the antenna operate as a smart antenna.

Design and Development of Mini-Compact Wilkinson Power Divider for X-Band Man-Pack Surveillance Radar

This paper presents the design and development of a mini-compact Wilkinson Power Divider (WPD) operating at 9.3 GHz, with a wide bandwidth of 200 MHz, for the Man-Pack Surveillance Radar (MPSR) application. The design of the WPD was carried out using Advanced Design System (ADS) software with a microstrip feeding technique. The substrate material used in this design was Duroid Roger 5880, which has a thickness (h) of 1.575 mm, dielectric constant (εr) of 2.20, and loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.0009. A WPD was designed, developed, and measured. The simulation results obtained included return loss (S11) -37.50 dB, (S22) -26.59 dB, (S33) -26.09 dB, insertion loss (S21) -3.61 dB and (S31) - 2.55 dB, and isolation (S32) -12.89 dB. Overall, the simulation result parameters worked at a frequency of 9.3 GHz. Furthermore, when the WPD measurement produces a measured return loss of (S11) -28.69 dB, (S22) -28.5 dB, (S33) -29.95 dB, insertion loss (S21) -6.61 dB, and (S31) -7.55 dB, and isolation (S32) -21.89 dB. The dimensions resulting from the realization were 20.5 mm x 20 mm.

The Use of Social Media Among Parents of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients for Patient Education

Parents’ adherence to cleft lip and palate treatment plans is essential to ensure a satisfactory outcome. With the ongoing development of communications technology, social media has become an integral component in medical practice. It is now a platform of communication and information that facilitates medical professionals and parents to provide better care for cleft lip and palate patients. The aim of the study is to investigate the use of social media among parents of CLP patients and their preferable social media of choice for patient education. This is a descriptive study conducted through an online and offline survey amongst 108 parents of CLP patients from January to June of 2019. WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube are social media platforms that the respondents heavily use. WhatsApp (76,1%) is the most common tool to seek cleft lip and palate information, followed by websites and Facebook. Information that respondents often inquire include feeding technique, post-surgical wound treatment, and funding for the treatments. Overall, respondents believed that information acquired from social media is reliable. Aversion towards social media in obtaining information was revolving around inaccuracy (69,1%) and reliability (39%). Social media has become a fundamental aspect in the treatment of cleft lip and palate. Physicians should consider social media and be actively involved in ensuring the dissemination of accurate and reliable information to patients. WhatsApp is a suitable tool to serve as a platform to provide patient education. A chatbot powered by artificial intelligence can be further developed and investigated for future use.

Knowledge-practice gap in breastfeeding and the factors influencing it among the urban mothers attending the immunization clinic under a tertiary care hospital in eastern India

Background: Breast milk is a complete food for the newborn. Timely introduction of breast milk and exclusive breast feeding till 6 months of age of a newborn, with proper positioning and adequate attachment to mother’s breast is encouraged as Initiation of breast feeding within the first hour after birth, prevents the newborn from the risk of morbidity and mortality. An effective improvement in mother’s self efficacy and understanding on breast feeding will be useful in meeting the nutritional goals of the child. Aim of study was to assess the knowledge, perception and practice among the mothers on breast feeding and the factors influencing their practice and to determine probable association of ideal infant weight with exclusive breast feeding. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study among 390 mothers attending the Immunization Clinic of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. They were assessed if they breast fed infant by following the ideal positioning and proper attachment to breast and for their knowledge, perception and practices of breast feeding. Analysis was done using STATA-17. Results: Good knowledge, perception and practice of breast feeding was present among 88.2%, 83.5% and 69.8% mothers, respectively. Association between ideal weight of baby and proper breast feeding technique was found. Knowledge was more positively related to practice, than to perception. Conclusions: Children who have been exclusively breast fed, had the right weight for age. Mother and other family members must be aware of proper technique, adequacy and frequency of breast feeding for the best nourishment of the newborn.

Automatic Demand Fish Feeder

Humans have kept fish for thousands of years for commercial, research, and aesthetic purposes. These fishes are kept in aquariums, ponds, and other containments and require regular feeding and care. Traditional feeding techniques involve manually dispensing the food at regular intervals, they must alsobe able to control all kinds of factors such as feeding, air pumps, light, and the pH value of water, which may affect the fish. Overall, it’s a labor-intensive process. This research aims to develop a simple prototype automatic fish feeder. The product is designed to simplify the process of feeding fish in aquariums or fish farms. The feeder is equipped with obstacle avoidance technology, allowing it to move around the aquarium and ensure equal feeding for all fish. Additionally, the feeder includes a pH sensor, constantly monitoring the water quality in the aquarium to ensure a healthy environment for the fish. This technology not only simplifies the feeding process but also helps to maintain the well-being of aquatic life

PERANCANGAN ALAT TIMBANGAN HEWAN TERNAK MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR FIBER OPTIC DAN SOFTWARE ARDUINO IDE

Abstract
 The type and technique of feeding is the main thing related to the acceleration of livestock development but almost most of the farmers do not pay much attention to the type and quality of feed given to their animals. Therefore, researchers designed the farm animal scales by creating an optical fibre-based sensor and utilizing the Arduino IDE software system for the purpose of making animal farmers aware of the weight information of their animals. The design of the scales has been done in the laboratory of Optoelectronics and Instrumentation, Physics Research Center of Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Serpong. The optical fibre sensor system with the received light intensity output was then transmitted by the photodetectors and then Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) process using the Arduino Software. Result of sensor characterization with varying diameter rubber hose with high sensitivity obtained sensor with diameter of 3.1 cm and 2.6 cm. The test results showed that the sensor with a diameter of 3.1 cm was able to withstand pressure of 3.1 kg. F/cm2 or a load equivalent of 905.2 kg.
 Keywords: Sensors, Optical Fiber, Software Arduino IDE, Livestock

Toward Sustainable and Healthy Fish Products-The Role of Feeding and Preservation Techniques.

Fish is a fundamental component of the human diet, and in the near future the proportion of aquatic foods originating from aquaculture production is expected to increase to over 56%. The sustainable growth of the aquaculture sector involves the use of new sustainable raw materials as substitutes for traditional fishmeal and fish oil ingredients, but it is crucial that the substitution maintains the nutritional value of the fish meat. In addition, the preservation of the nutritional value should be a mandatory requirement of new technologies that extend the shelf life of fish. In this context, we evaluated the impact of a newly formulated feed and three preservation treatments (brine, pulsed electric field (PEF), and PEF plus brine) on the fatty acid composition and protein and lipid digestibility of sea bass fillets. In non-digested fillets, although slightly reduced by the newly formulated feed (standard = 2.49 ± 0.14; newly formulated = 2.03 ± 0.10) the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio indicated good nutritional value. The preservation treatments did not modify the fatty acid content and profile of non-digested fillets. Conversely, protein and lipid digestibility were not affected by the different diets but were significantly reduced by brine, with or without PEF, while PEF alone had no effect. Overall, our results indicated that the newly formulated feed containing 50% less fishmeal is a good compromise between the sustainability and nutritional value of cultivated seabass, and PEF is a promising preservation technology deserving of further study.

Energy-Efficient Ground Base Station Antenna Array System for Wireless Back-Hauling and Two State Charging of Drone Base Stations

A ground base station (GBS) antenna array system (AAS) geometry and feed technique are proposed for 360 degree azimuth beam scan, elevation beam scan, azimuth beam-width control, elevation beam-width control, and in existing AASs these four capabilities do not coexist. Firstly, the results confirm that the number of active radio-frequency (RF) switches in the proposed AAS feed network is reduced by more than 99 %, and the AAS achieves a power consumption reduction of up to 50 % without fully connected (FC) architecture and 35 % with FC architecture compared to the existing AAS. Also, an independent GBS AAS azimuth and elevation plane beam-width control can be achieved from 65 to 0.01 degrees which makes it suitable for GBS-assisted wireless back-hauling plus wireless charging of unmanned aerial vehicle base stations (UAV-BSs), dynamic GBS sectorisation order control, and millimeter wave beam tracking. Also, a parallel concurrent UAV-BS battery charging configuration with power source swap capability is proposed to charge UAV-BS using the GBS back-haul and onboard power amplifier (PA) system as the power sources. The results show that the proposed charging configuration improves hovering time by 180.7 % compared to the existing onboard PA system configuration for battery charging. Furthermore, the proposed charging configuration can recharge the battery of the inactive state UAV-BS to increase the state of charge of two 16 Ampere hour batteries to 80 % in 180.13 minutes, and UAV-BS’s inactive state charging was not proposed in the existing onboard PA system configuration for UAV-BS’s battery charging.

New microstrip patch antenna array design at 28 GHz millimeter-wave for fifth-generation application

<span lang="EN-US">This paper presents a study and an array design consisting of two microstrip patch antennas connected in series in a 2×1 form. This antenna provides better performance for the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication system. The microstrip line feeding technique realizes the design of this antenna. This feed offers the best bandwidth, is easy to model, and has low spurious radiation. The distance between the feed line and the patch can adapt to the antenna’s impedance. In addition, the antenna array proposed in this paper is designed and simulated using the high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulation software at the operating frequency of 28 GHz for the 5G band. The support material used is Rogers RT/duroid® 5880, with relative permittivity of 2.2, a thickness of h=0.5 mm, and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The simulation results obtained in this research paper are as: reflection coefficient: -35.91 dB, standing wave ratio (SWR): 1.032, bandwidth: 1.43 GHz, gain: 9.42 dB, directivity: 9.47 dB, radiated power: 29.94 dBm, accepted the power: 29.99 dBm, radiation efficiency: 29.95, efficiency: 99.83%. This proposed antenna array has achieved better performance than other antenna arrays recently published in scientific journals regarding bandwidth, beam gain, reflection coefficient, SWR, radiated power, accepted power, and efficiency. Therefore, this antenna array will likely become an important competitor for many uses within the 5G wireless applications.</span>

Influence of SiC nanoparticle contents on microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of AZ91D magnesium matrix composites synthesised through a combination of a master pellet feeding technique and stir casting assisted by ultrasonic vibration

In this current study, an integrated approach involving a master pellet feeding technique and stir casting assisted by ultrasonic treatment processing was employed to fabricate AZ91D magnesium matrix nanocomposites reinforced with various concentrations of SiC nanoparticles (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt%). The influence of the nanoparticle feeding method and the weight fraction of reinforcement on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D/SiC composites was thoroughly examined. The microstructural analysis revealed that the implementation of a master pellet feeding approach resulted in a relatively uniform dispersion of SiC nanoparticles within the primary α–Mg phase, whereas the original nanoparticle feeding method led to noticeable particle agglomeration in the microstructure. Additionally, with an increasing weight fraction of SiC nanoparticles, the primary α-Mg grain became finer and the β-Mg17Al12 intermetallic phase turned smaller. The hardness and tensile properties of AZ91D/SiC composites were significantly enhanced with increasing SiC contents. The addition of 2.0 wt% SiC reinforcements to the AZ91D magnesium alloy resulted in a maximal hardness increase of 41 %. Nevertheless, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (%EL) decreased when the SiC content exceeded 2.0 wt% due to the presence of increased porosity content and particle clusters in the microstructure. Notably, the AZ91D/1.5 wt% SiC composite exhibited promising tensile properties, with yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (%EL) values of 151 MPa, 192 MPa, and 4.54 %, respectively.

Comparative Study of Passivity, Model Predictive, and Passivity-Based Model Predictive Controllers in Uninterruptible Power Supply Applications

Voltage source converters are widely used in distributed generation (DG) and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications. This paper aims to find the controller that performs best when model changes occur in the system, showing insensitivity to parameter variations. A comparison of the finite control set model predictive controller (FCS-MPC), interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based controller (IDA-PBC), and passivity-based model predictive control (PB-MPC) reveals that the PB-MPC provides high resistance to these unexpected LC filter changes in the converter. The second aim of the paper is to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage of the three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). A high total harmonic distortion (THD) value exists in the voltage waveform of the three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI), feeding a non-linear load. A MATLAB simulation was performed using three control techniques for a three-phase VSI feeding: linear load, unbalanced load, and non-linear load. The PB-MPC performs better than the FCS-MPC and IDA-PBC in terms of having a low THD value in the output voltage of the converter under all types of applied loads, improving the THD by up to 30%, and having low variation in THD with mismatched filter parameters, as shown in the bar charts in the results section. Overall, the PB-MPC controller improves the robustness under parameter mismatch and reduces the computational burden. PB-MPC reduces the THD value because it integrates power shaping and the injection of damping resistances into the VSI.

Safety and Effectiveness of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Children

Objective: To determine the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in Paediatrics population. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Pak Emirates Military hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar 2014 till Dec 2017. Methodology: Total 40 children who underwent percutaneous gastrostomy at the Paediatric gastroenterology department were included in the study. Patients were followed up for a period for 6 months. Demographic data, indications, weight gainand complications were noted for 6 months after the procedure. Results: Forty patients were enrolled and there were 23(57.5%) males with mean age of 39.8±20.2 months. Swallowing difficulty 23(47.5%) was the major indication followed by poor weight gain 10(25%), prolonged nasogastric tube feeding8(20%) and frequent aspirations 3(7.5%). Majority 32(80%) had underlying diagnosis of cerebral palsy. In six months follow up, 38(95%) children had an increment in weight (mean weight gain 1.89±1.0Kg). Early feed at 6 hours after procedure was tolerated by 38(95%) of patients. The majority of children did not have any complications and only few were observed to havewound infection, vomiting, and irritability in 3(7.50%), 1(2.50%) and 3(7.50%) respectively. Conclusion: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement is a minimally invasive, safe and effective feeding technique for neurologically impaired children, especially cerebral palsy patients requiring long term assisted feeding.

Improving the Performance of Patch Antenna by Applying Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques for 5G Applications

In this study, various Rectangular Microstrip Antenna (RMA) designs operating at 28 GHz frequency for 5G-communication system are performed. All designs are generated and analyzed using a 3D electromagnetic simulation program, ANSYS HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator). Single and array type RMA designs are constructed by using non-contact inset-fed feeding technique. Subsequently, the bandwidth of RMAs is increased by slotting on the ground surface, and adding a parasitic element to the antenna structure. Because of these analyses, for single type RMA, the bandwidth increases from 2.09 GHz to 3.45 GHz. Moreover, for 1 × 2 and 1 × 4 array type RMAs, very wide bandwidths of 7.53 GHz and 4.53 GHz, respectively, are obtained by applying bandwidth enhancement techniques. The success of the study has been demonstrated by comparing outputs of the designs with the some similar, experimental or simulation studies published in the literature.

Evidence based – Enteral feeding algorithm for Neurosurgery ICU/Ward

Enteral feeding is a procedure that is in practice internationally by nurses. Providing enteral feeding to the patients is an art and science of nursing that follows careful steps and principles. Nurses role is not only confined to administering enteral feed but also of educating, giving instructions to the family members, directing caregivers and significant others regarding initiating and maintaining enteral feeding, so that continuity of nutritional care is maintained even in the home setting. Once the patient is admitted in neurosurgical ICU, hemodynamic stability of the patient is utmost important, as hemodynamic instability of the patient may preclude the safe initiation of EN in the critical care patients. Initial stabilization is the key for patient survival followed by maintenance therapy like drugs, mobilization, position, continuous monitoring and nutrition. For determining the need of enteral feeding especially for neurosurgical and neurological patients three things should be given utmost importance i.e. Swallowing deficit, Unconsciousness (Level of consciousness) and Nutritional requirement. Can be easily remembered as pneumonic SUN.Confirming tube position is one of the critical step in effective enteral feeding practice in spite of that it has given least importance. It is recommended to confirm the tube position immediately after ryles’ tube insertion through radiologic methods which may be not feasible sometimes, therefore bedside methods can also be adopted Auscultation methods and Aspiration method are the most widely used method among all the bed side methods for confirming tube placement. Gastric residual volume is the amount aspirated from the stomach following administration of the enteral feed. An aspirate among of less than 500ml in 4-6 hours or less than 50% of last enteral feed is safe and indicates that GIT is functioning. Most patients nicely tolerate enteral feeding via gastric tube while few patients has delayed gastric emptying and high GRVs as a result of sedation, pain medications, hypothermia, decreased movement and the effect of being critically ill. Intolerance of enteral feeding is defined as more than 500ml or more than 50% of last enteral feeding. Though enteral feeding is the most popular procedure for ICU Nursing officer, but it is the most crucial in terms of deciding patient outcome. Effective enteral feeding requires through knowledge of initiation and maintenance of enteral feeding. Thus, this article propose simple algorithm to follow. Effectively delivering nutrition to the patient requires the help of dietitian and physician/surgeon to deal with its challenges that comes along with this golden feeding technique.

How Should Patients with Dementia and Food Refusal Be Managed?

Anorexia of ageing is contributed by physiological changes, comorbidities, medications, and social factors. Food refusal in older adults with dementia is one of the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Modifying diet texture, fluid consistency, feeding techniques, and environmental factors can assist in overcoming food refusal. This case illustrates the challenges encountered in patients with dementia demonstrating food refusal behaviour, measures that can be taken to optimise their nutrition, and how these challenges may impact their long-term care.