Feeding Strip Research Articles

Design of Multiband Antenna for Wimax and WLAN Applications Using DGS

In this paper, a multiband antenna with a micro strip feed line is presented. This antenna is designed on FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 having overall size of 20 × 20 × 1.6mm3. The proposed antenna comprises defected ground structure with T and L shape slots to achieve multiband frequencies. This multiband antenna covers three different frequencies as 3.3 GHz, 3.85 GHz and 5.25 GHz. All of these frequencies are applicable for WiMAX and WLAN applications respectively. Return loss (S11), Gain and Radiation patterns are simulated and observed on HFSS.

Wideband Inverted-L Microstrip-via-Fed Circularly Polarized Antenna with Asymmetrical Ground for WLAN/Wimax Applications

Abstract A design with wideband and circularly polarized radiation antenna from an open-slot antenna has been demonstrated in this paper. The proposed antenna, which consists of an open slot and an inverted-L strip feeding, provides a large bandwidth, which completely cover the Wimax (3.3–3.8 GHz) and WLAN (2.4–2.48 GHz) bands. The open slot is formed by an modified ground plane with a slit cut and monofilar spiral stubs employed, which fed by an asymmetrical inverted-L strip feedline using a via. As demonstrated, the CP operation was significantly improved by loading monofilar spiral stubs connected to the asymmetric feedline by means of a via. A parametric study of the key parameters is made and the mechanism for circular polarization is described. After optimization, the impedance bandwidth is approximately 3.78 GHz (2.12 to 5.9 GHz) and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is approximately 2.75 GHz (2.2 to 4.95 GHz), which represent fractional bandwidths of approximately 94.3 % and 76.9 %, respectively.

Long-term evolution coupled-fed loop antenna installed in the hinge slot region of a laptop computer

The present study proposed a long-term evolution (LTE) couple-feeding antenna design for laptop computers. The proposed antenna was installed in a closed hinge slot region. The loop structure of the antenna was designed to excite the closed hinge slot’s resonance modes to extend operating bandwidth and antenna efficiency. Although the fabricated antenna measured only 25 mm × 4 mm, it was capable of covering the requirement for eight-band coverage to the LTE standard. Additionally, the antenna consisted of a feeding strip and a shorting strip, with which it was able to excite resonance modes in both its own loop’s modes and the closed hinge slot’s modes. Aside from a wide operating bandwidth, the minute antenna can also overcome the radiation efficiency problem caused by an all-metal environment. With antenna efficiency over 50% within the operating band, the design conforms to the actual needs of applications in laptop computers.

Compact multiband antenna for mobile terminal applications

AbstractA compact multiband antenna covering LTE700, GSM850/900, DCS1800/PCS1900, UMTS, and LTE 2300/2500 for mobile terminals is proposed. The antenna is comprised a bended feeding strip, 2 parasitic shorted strips and a matching network. The antenna design uses the coupled feed and matching circuit to achieve multiband and wideband performance. The measured impedance bandwidths (S11 < −6 dB) are 360 MHz at the lower band (0.69–1.05 GHz, 41.4% FBW) and 1.29 GHz at the higher band (1.71–3 GHz, 54.8% FBW). Within the frequency band of interest, good radiation performances are obtained. The proposed antenna is applicative for mobile terminals including mobile phones, data cards and wearable devices.

Miniaturized Micro strip patch Antenna for Ultra Wideband Applications

Objectives: In this digital era, Ultra Wideband (UWB) is an emerging technology and it has numerous applications in different fields. The frequency of UWB ranges as 3.1GHz – 10.6GHz and some narrow band applications also exist which causes interference to Ultra band applications. The miniaturized antenna with CO shaped radiating antenna element pattern for Ultra Wideband applications is proposed in this paper. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The micro strip coplanar fed line technique through the ground plane is used to nosh the antenna with 50Ω impedance. The proposed micro strip patch antenna is designed using Teflon dielectric substrate material which has a conducting surface on another side. The polytetrafluoroethylene or PTFE which is also known as Teflon is a high flexible, electrically resistant material and shows better resistance to water. Findings: The proposed antenna made up of Teflon substrate material with the dimension of 20mm X 20mm and CO shaped radiating patch with micro strip feed line having the dimension of 7mm X 0.5mm. The power loss in the signal returned in the transmission line is -20.36dB the miniaturized micro strip patch antenna operates at the frequency of 10.3GHz. The gain attainment is 3.7dBi. The proposed antenna applications are in Military areas, Medical imaging and Medical Monitoring. Keywords: Micro Strip Patch Antenna, Miniaturized Antenna, Teflon Substrate Material

Dual notch band UWB antenna with improved notch characteristics

AbstractIn this article, a novel design of a compact planar Ultra Wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with dual band notched characteristics has been presented. The antenna has a unique structure meeting UWB standards. The proposed antenna is fed through a micro strip feed line, whereas a better impedance is achieved by truncating the ground plane. The dual notches are achieved by incorporating a meandered slot on the radiator patch and U‐slot in the feed line. The antenna is fabricated on FR‐ substrate having a compact size of . A good agreement is observed between measured and simulated results. The radiation pattern is omnidirectional in H‐plane, whereas dipole like radiation pattern is observed in the E‐plane. The gain of antenna is stable across the whole UWB except at notched bands. It is shown that any UWB can be notched at any desired frequency band by incorporating appropriate slot length.

Melting of Moving Strip during Steel Strip Feeding in Continuous Casting Process

Steel strip feeding into continuous casting mold is an innovative technology improving the slab quality through decreasing the melt superheat and increasing the proportion of equiaxed dendrites. To investigate the embedded complex melting and solidification processes, a mathematical model has been developed to model all the essential physical behaviors of the fluid flow, heat transfer, melting, and solidification during steel strip feeding into the mold. The enthalpy method is adopted to describe both the melting of steel strip and the solidification of slab. The complex heat transfer between cold steel strip and hot melt is considered. The melting of moving strip and the growth of solidified shell are compared with the experimental measurements and empirical equation, respectively. The validated model is then used to predict the melting and solidification characteristics during steel strip feeding into the mold. Based on the experimental and numerical findings, the whole melting process of steel strip can be divided into three periods: the steel sheath formation, steel sheath melting, and steel strip melting. Effects of the strip thickness (), melt superheat (), and strip feeding speed () on the melting of steel strip have been analyzed. An empirical equation is proposed to correlate the total melting time with aforementioned parameters: . Furthermore, sensitivity study has also performed to reveal the influence of the strip thickness, melt superheat, and strip feeding speed on the final strip tip position.

Design of a Short/Open-Ended Slot Antenna with Capacitive Coupling Feed Strips for Hepta-Band Mobile Application

Design of a Short/Open-Ended Slot Antenna with Capacitive Coupling Feed Strips for Hepta-Band Mobile Application

Application of Bulk Liquid Membrane Technique for Cadmium Extraction from Aqueous Solution

The extraction of cadmium from aqueous solution using kerosene as a bulk liquid membrane (BLM) with Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) as a carrier was experimentally investigated under various operating conditions. The effects of feed and strip pH, feed initial concentration, TBP concentration, and strip to feed volume ratio on the cadmium ions transport efficiency were investigated. A stripping agent EDTA was used to enhance the transport efficiency of the cadmium ions. Flax and sesame oils were also considered as green liquid membrane alternatives to kerosene. They were evaluated in terms of extraction and separation efficiency. Cadmium extraction and stripping efficiencies of 89 and 94% were, respectively, obtained under specific conditions (100 ppm initial concentration of cadmium ions, 10% (v/v) TBP concentration, (1:2) strip to feed volume ratio, feed phase pH of 3, and strip phase pH of 11). The kinetics of $$\hbox {Cd}^{2+}$$ transport across BLM was investigated using kinetic model derived from the kinetic law of two consecutive irreversible first-order model. Both flax and sesame oils were found less efficient than kerosene in cadmium extraction and stripping rates.

Compact Sequential Feeding Network With Quadruple Output Ports and Its Application for Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna

A compact single-layer series-type feeding network is proposed by utilizing two dual-band frequency-independent couplers in this paper. The overall size of the feeding network is further reduced by meandering the transmission lines. The proposed feeding network is quite suitable in the design of wideband circularly polarized antenna due to its wideband performance, identical amplitude and flat 90° successive shifts between two arbitrary adjacent ports. Based this, a wideband circularly polarized antenna for satellite application (L band and S band) is presented, fabricated, and measured employing the proposed feeding network. Four feeding strips are introduced to enhance the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of the proposed antenna. The simulated AR bandwidth extends from 14.7% to 34.5% by loading the four feeding strips. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna has numerous advantages, such as low-cost, low-profile ( $0.07\lambda _{0}$ ), wideband, high gain, wide AR bandwidth, and excellent circularly polarized feature. Note that the measurements agree reasonably well with the simulations.

Ultra-Wide Band Antenna Design using Stairs for Personal Area Network Wireless Application

Objectives: This paper explains about the staircase antenna with characteristics of ultra-wide band (UWB). The design of proposed work describes stairs along the radiating patch with micro strip feed. Method/Statistical Analysis: The projected ultra-wide band antenna is designed and simulated using High Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS). Findings: The simulation and Measured result of the antenna prove that it has a good impedance matching over the UWB frequency range from 3.5 - 10.4GHz. The VSWR is less than 2 for entire operating frequency range. This antenna finds its uses in WiMax and Wi-Fi without interference. Stair Case patch design is chosen to get ultra wide bandwidth and strips are introduced to get band notch characteristics. Applications: The proposed antenna is suitable for its use in WPAN applications and for short range communication. Keywords: Rectangular Planar Ultra-Wide Band Antenna, Stepped Micro Strip Feed, Stepped Partial

CPW-Fed Circularly Polarized Slot Antenna

This article demonstrates the coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed L- slot microstrip antenna for multi frequency band operation is presented. The proposed antenna is excited by a single CPW feed connected to a Microstrip antenna. In this radiating patch and feed are etched on the same dielectric material. A SMA connector is used to connect the feed strip which couples the energy to a radiating patch by capacitive feed. The length and width are designed to obtained dual band frequency range. A truncation is used for multiband operations and for proper impedance matching. L- slot is used to increase the depth of S11 parameter.

Dual crescent‐shaped slot antenna fed by circular polarisation into dual orthogonal strip lines

In this research, a novel single-layer dual crescent-shaped slot antenna is fed by circular polarisation into dual orthogonal strip lines for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (Wi-Max) and wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) applications. One phase of the feed strip lines is shifted by 90° to enhance the circular polarisation. The surface current and the effect of changing the dimensions for the parameters are carefully studied to optimise the dimensions of the proposed antenna to satisfy the specifications of the wireless local area network/Wi-Fi standards of (2.4– 2.484)/(5.15–5.825) GHz and Wi-Max standards of (2.5–2.6)/(3.4–3.6)/(5.25–5.85) GHz. Several of the critical design parameters, such as return loss, radiation pattern, polarisation, axial ratio bandwidth, and gain are also investigated.

Modified printed two-band dipole radiators

The study describes the modified two-band printed dipole radiators, which are implemented as integrated radiating modules containing a compact printed version of a new coaxial dovetail balancing system, and two printed dipoles implemented as corresponding continuations of a feeding strip line and an open loop. We considered some features of structural implementation and technological completion and showed the optimized geometric parameters of the printed version topology. The approach introduced is confirmed by experimental results contributing to the estimation of the maximum achievable radiator performance

Eight‐port orthogonally dual‐polarised MIMO antennas using loop structures for 5G smartphone

An eight-port antenna array designed for future 5G 2.6 GHz band (2550-2650 MHz) for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) in the smartphone applications is presented. In order to enhance the port isolation and reduce correlation between antennas, square loop radiating strip with orthogonal polarisation is employed. The proposed antenna array is composed of four pairs of uniform antenna elements that are symmetrically placed at the four corners of the main board, and each antenna pair includes a communal square loop and two independently coupled feeding strips. By exciting the square loop from the two feeding strips, respectively, two orthogonally polarised waves are generated. Thus, four horizontally polarised and four vertically polarised antennas are achieved in total. Due to this feature, coupling between antenna pairs is reduced and the MIMO performances are enhanced. A prototype of the proposed antenna array was fabricated, and the experimental results show good impedance matching and acceptable isolation measured across the bands of interest. The MIMO performances such as envelope correlation coefficient, mean effective gain, multiplexing efficiency and channel capacity are also calculated. Besides, simulations of the antenna shifted to 3.5 GHz are also performed. The consistent performances indicate that the proposed structure has good scalability and is promising for future 5G smartphone applications.

FDTD based Analysis of Input Impedance of a Wearable Patch Antenna with Milli Bends

Wearable antennas are prone to bending and crumpling. This work presents the analysis of input impedance of a wearable patch antenna with milli bends using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. FDTD method using stair case scheme is used to model milli bends at different places along the length of a wearable patch antenna and the effect of milli bends on input impedance of the wearable patch antenna is presented developing a FDTD code for it. It is shown that presence of milli bends in a wearable patch antenna significantly changed the input impedance of the antenna under consideration. It is observed that milli bends closer to the feeding strip line provided better input impedance matching. Results concluded that change in input impedance leads to change in resonant frequency and reflection coefficient of the antenna. General Terms: RF and microwave communication, Antenna design and analysis.

A novel uniplanar antenna with dual wideband characteristics for tablet/laptop applications

A novel uniplanar antenna design for tablet/laptop applications is proposed. The proposed antenna with a size of 68 × 12 × 0.8 mm3 is comprised of three strip sections, namely, the feeding strip, parasitic shorted strip, and tuning stub strip (or printed LC matching circuit). Five resonant modes are induced by the proposed antenna, and they are combined to yield two wide operating bands that have 6-dB return loss bandwidths of more than 50% (695-1190 MHz and 1690-2930 MHz). Thus, the proposed antenna can easily cover the entire LTE/WWAN operations working in the 698-960 MHz and 1710-2690 MHz bands. Besides demonstrating good radiation efficiency of more than 60% for the two wide operating bands, the proposed antenna also exhibits reduced ground effects, in which reducing the ground size will not deteriorate the antenna's performances.

Analysis of Micro strip patch Antenna Using Coaxial feed and Micro strip line feed for Wireless Application

Analysis of Micro strip patch Antenna Using Coaxial feed and Micro strip line feed for Wireless Application

Small‐size reconfigurable antenna for WWAN/LTE/GNSS smartphone applications

A small-size reconfigurable smartphone antenna using a PIN diode for WWAN/LTE and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) smartphone application is presented. When the diode is in `OFF' state, a T-shaped feeding strip and an encircled T-shaped parasitic shorted strip formed a coupled-fed antenna, which achieves a low-wideband covering GSM850/900 bands and a high-wideband covering GSM1800/1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500 bands. When the diode is in `ON' state, a loop antenna working at 1/2 wavelengths is formed to cover the bands of GNSS, which includes four positioning systems (COMPASS, GALILEO, GPS and GLONASS). In addition, the proposed antenna is easily printed on a small ground clearance of 375 mm 2 without loading any lumped element. Also, the proposed simple and compact antenna is convenient to be optimised for desired bands. Finally, the good agreement of simulated and experimental results proves that the proposed antenna is suitable for practical mobile terminal equipment.

A dual‐wideband dual‐polarized directional magneto‐electric dipole antenna

ABSTRACTA broadband dual‐band dual‐polarized directional magneto‐electric (ME) dipole antenna is presented in this letter. The antenna is composed of a square reflector, four side walls, a metallic loop, and two crossed ME dipoles fed by two orthogonal Γ‐shaped feed strips. Both simulated and measured results show that the antenna can obtain two wide impedance bandwidths of 18% (800–960 MHz) in lower frequency band and 45% (1700–2700 MHz) in higher frequency band with the reflection coefficients lower than −10 dB for both input ports. Meanwhile, about 25 dB isolation and 8 dBi gain are realized through the whole bands. The proposed antenna also demonstrates good directional radiation and cross‐polarization characteristics. Generally, the antenna can be widely used for 2G, 3G, LTE, and WLAN .etc communication systems. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1128–1133, 2017