Portion Of Feed Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEM FEED AND DESIGN OF THE WORKING BODY ON THE DRIVE POWER OF THE CUTTING MECHANISM

The paper considers the problem of reducing the drive power of the mechanism for separating stalk feed from trench storages by the batch method by developing and substantiating the parameters and operating modes of the hydraulic drive system. The structure and principle of construction of a system of hydraulic drives of the mechanism for separating a portion of stem feed are proposed. This will significantly reduce the power of the used hydraulic motors by simultaneously controlling the cutting speed of the monolith of stem feed and the feed of the cutting device. The analysis of changes in the physical and mechanical properties of stalk forage (silage and haylage), depending on the height of occurrence in the trench storage, has been carried out. The process of separation of the stalk feed from the feed monolith is considered. The complexity of the technological process of separating the portion of the stalk feed from the feed monolith due to the change in the physical and mechanical properties of the feed from the height in the trench storage and the lack of adaptation of the loader drive to such differences is indicated. A basic hydraulic diagram of the loader drives is proposed, which is based on the dependence of the cutting force of the material on the parameters of cutting modes. The theoretical foundations of the calculation were formulated by I. Timme and later adapted to the peculiarities of the work of agricultural machinery by V.P. Garyachkin. This theory allows you to determine the cutting force on the working body of the cutter bar depending on the cutting speed, feed of the cutter bar and depth of cut. An adaptive hydraulic drive of the mechanism for separating the stalk feed is proposed, which makes it possible to coordinate the operation of the cutter bar drive with its supply. The possibility of reducing the drive power of the mechanism for separating the stalk feed to 5-6 kW when using a system of hydraulic drives with a mechanism for adapting the working bodies to their working conditions has been confirmed. The modes of operation and the possibilities of increasing energy efficiency, competitiveness of technological machines and aggregates of the agro-industrial complex, by developing and substantiating the parameters of the hydraulic drive system, are indicated.

BALANSLAŞDIRILMIŞ YEMLƏNDİRMƏNİN HEYVANLARIN AZƏRBAYCAN TÖRƏMƏ QABİLİYYƏTİNƏ TƏSİRİ

Positive results have been obtained in the implementation of our research at the Livestock and Equestrian Training Center of ADAU on the basis of the recipes we have envisaged, along with the strong feed component, the feed norm and the share of feed in the required norm. The introduction of fully balanced feedings based on recipes has affected the milk yield of animals, as well as the fertility of cows, in addition to strengthening the dynamics of growth and development of young. One of the most widely used premixes on our farm is Ruminant-5322 Ekomix BKB, which has a high efficiency with the following saturation. A premix is a complementary feed mixture that is necessary for its composition and body and is essential to create a fully balanced feed portion. Depending on the abundance of feed available on the farm, it is possible to maintain a complete diet depending on the physiological state of the animals. On the basis of this nutrition, the dynamics of the growth of young animals, the normal development of the child in the womb during the drying period and the formation of the mother's reproductive cycle on demand are determined. Fertility activation is associated not only with the formation of 65 to 80 days in cows, but also with the stabilization of the follicles and the achievement of a form of superovulation. In our research, we found this not only in healthy cows, but also in cows that had difficult labor. Of the 18 cows on the farm, three gave birth to twins, which means that 16.7% of the cows gave birth to twins. Key words: Balanced feed, genotype, male, offspring, growth, variability, productivity

98 Growth and mineral content of tall fescue grown in manure extracts from horses fed varying trace mineral sources and levels

Horse manure spread on pasture can provide nutrients and minerals to plants, but the effect of horse diet on fecal mineral availability to plants is unknown. This study's objective was to determine if the amount and source of trace minerals (TM) fed to horses would affect the growth and mineral content of plants grown hydroponically in manure extracts. Nine horses were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design for the study's feeding portion. Horses had ad libitum access to forage and were fed a protein pellet containing one of 3 dietary treatments: a low TM treatment with no added TM (CON) or industry relevant TM level treatments with TM added as either organic TM (ORG) or inorganic TM (ING). Added TM were Co, Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn at equivalent amounts for ORG and ING. There were 3 21-d feeding periods, including a 5-d washout; each horse received each treatment. Feces were collected on d 21 of each period. Manure extracts were made from each horse by mixing wet feces with distilled water (30 g DM/L), incubating for 20 h, and straining. Extracts were combined by treatment and TM concentrations reflected dietary levels, with ING and ORG being similar and greater than CON. Manure extracts, distilled water/negative control (WAT) and Steinman's nutrient solution/positive control (NUT) were applied as liquid treatments. Tall fescue seeds were germinated in a growth chamber, and seedlings transferred to rockwool in pans (40 seedlings/pan) on d 9. Pans were randomly assigned to treatment with 4 replicate pans/treatment. Plants were grown in an environmentally controlled room, and watered with the liquid treatment to keep fluid amount consistent in the pans. Plant height was recorded every 10 d. At the experiment's end (d 41), plants were harvested to determine plant DM biomass and TM content using ICP-MS. Biomass, final height and TM data were analyzed using ANOVA and growth rate data were analyzed using regression and orthogonal contrasts. The NUT and ORG plants had greater final DM biomass and height compared with WAT plants, while ING and CON were intermediate ( P < 0.05). Growth was quadratic for WAT, with a plateau in growth at d 25. Growth in the remaining treatments was linear and rate was greatest for NUT, followed by ORG, lowest in CON, and ING did not differ from ORG and CON ( P < 0.05). Cu and Mn was greatest in NUT ( P < 0.05). Zn was lower in WAT compared with all treatments ( P < 0.055) and Co and Se were not different among treatments ( P > 0.05). The level and source of TM in horse diets affected plant availability of nutrients in the manure, which can influence pasture growth and composition.

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ МАСШТАБОВ ПОДОБИЯ ОПТИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЛИЧИН В УСТАНОВКАХ ДЛЯ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ ГИДРОБИОНТОВ

The article highlights the problems of physical modeling the elements of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and open aquaculture cages (OAC) for hydrobionts growing, in particular, the question of substantiating the rules of optical quantities similarity has been raised. Formulation of the problem is based on the assumption that using the computer vision which controls the behavioral reactions of hydrobionts to the growing conditions (e.g. light effect) will make the biotechnological process controllable in RAS and OAC and, as a result, more efficient. Evaluating the light effect on biological objects as to the depth of its penetration into the basins, the degree of its dispersion among the aquatic organisms and other characteristics can become an important element of computer vision. This fact will help to choose the optimal algorithm for the biotechnical process, for example, to calculate the daily feed portion and feeding periods, to define the optimal place for feeding, to determine the appropriate sorting time, the optimal stocking density, etc. There have been proposed the additional similarity scales for optical quantities, methods for their calculation and graphs of their dependences on the geometric scale Cl. However, one should know that achieving the complete similarity is absolutely impossible, no matter how large the list of similarity criteria is.

GƏNCƏ-QAZAX ZONASINDA YETİŞDİRİLƏN FARAON BİLDİRÇİN CİNSİNİN MƏHSULDARLIQ GÖSTƏRİCİLƏRİNİN ÖYRƏNİLMƏSİ

In this article is determined the productivity indicators of pharaoh quails in Ganja-Qazakh zones and is learned their breed usage in the large-scale farms. The reserach work was held in Azerbaijan State Agrarian University`s “Veterinary medicine and zoo engineering faculty`s” “Educational Center of Quails Breeding” and in the departments of labs “Uninfectious diseases” and “Cattle breeding and fish products produce”. It must be noted that,during the bred time of pharaoh quails while applying the optimal feed portion norms getting results are always highly. Key words: quail, pharaoh, productivity, building,cage, keeping systems, feed scarf

A survey and critical review of wombat diets in captivity

Much of the literature on wombat diet is concerned only with the broad categories of consumed matter, and there is little about their specific nutritional requirements despite diet playing a major role in health. This study gathered information by surveying zoological parks and wildlife carers about current feeding regime, diet and the prevalence of nutritional or dental disorders of wombats held in captivity, with the aim of improving the diets of captive wombats, thus their health and welfare outcomes. Data on the composition, variation and basis of diets for 31 bare-nosed or common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) and 19 southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) were gathered from 13 facilities. The nutritional values of diets fed to wombats in captivity were calculated and compared with known dietary requirements for bare-nosed wombats. Results demonstrate that the current diet of wombats held in captivity often consists of a high portion of fruits, vegetables and livestock feed, with the fruit and vegetable portions providing higher levels of simple carbohydrates and starch compared with natural grass diets. Generally, the facilities are providing diets that are exceeding reported maintenance energy and nitrogen requirements. Due to a lack of details provided regarding quantity and species of grasses fed, we could not provide an accurate ration calculation for the proportion of grasses in the diets. Some of the health concerns noted included insufficient weight gain, endoparasites, malocclusion and insufficient tooth wear. Further research is required to assess the requirements of reproductive, lactating and juvenile wombats; however, it is clear that wombats in captivity need to be fed larger volumes and varieties of grasses, forbs and sedges than they are currently being fed to maintain good health.

The effect of qualitative feed restriction in broiler breeder pullets on fear and motivation to explore

Restrictively fed broiler breeders are known to have increased motivation to explore and reduced fearfulness because hunger increases the motivation to search for and to acquire food, forcing the birds to face and engage with aversive stimuli that they would otherwise avoid. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four dietary treatments on the level of fear and motivation to explore during rearing. In total, 1200 female breeder chicks of the genotype Ross 308 were housed in 24 pens, six pens of 50 birds per treatment. The treatments were: 1) standard feed (Control), 2) feed containing insoluble fibres (Insoluble), 3) feed containing a mix of both insoluble and soluble fibres (Mixed) and 4) standard feed supplemented with maize silage (Roughage). The treatments followed a qualitative restriction feeding strategy meant to allow the birds to consume larger portions of feed, increasing feeding time and reducing hunger and frustration. A novel object (NO) test was performed in the home pens at 6, 13 and 18 weeks of age. The test was performed two times at each age: 1 h before feeding and 5 h after feeding. In addition, at 7 weeks of age, 12 birds from each pen from all treatment groups were subjected to a tonic immobility (TI) test. We hypothesised that the Control birds would be less fearful in the TI test and keep a shorter distance to the NO than the treatment birds. For the NO test, there was an effect of the interaction between treatment and time of day on the likelihood of the birds to approach the NO at all ages (P ≤ 0.0001). At 13 weeks of age, in the afternoon, birds from the Mixed treatment were more likely to approach the NO compared to the birds from the Insoluble and Roughage treatments (P = 0.003) and tended to be more likely to approach than Control birds (P = 0.009). This suggests that the Mixed birds were in a hungrier state at that moment and therefore more willing to approach a NO than the birds fed the other dietary treatments. There was no effect of treatment on the latency to touch the NO or on the TI test. The results show minimal effects of the three qualitative dietary treatments on fearfulness and motivation to explore in female broiler breeders during rearing and, therefore, do not provide evidence of decreased sensation of hunger.

A Circularly Polarized Water Patch Antenna

A circularly polarized (CP) water patch antenna is proposed in this letter. Both the patch and the ground plane are composed of distilled water. The water patch is in square shape with two diagonal truncated corners for generating CP radiation pattern. A metallic L-shaped probe is employed as the feeding portion. The entire configuration had been accomplished by a 3-D printed plastic container. Measured results show that the proposed CP water patch antenna can achieve a wide impedance bandwidth of 29%, a 3 dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth of 8.0%, a left-hand circular polarization gain up to 3.05 dBic, and a maximum radiation efficiency of 48% over the operating band. This presented design aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using distilled water to form the CP patch antenna. Besides, some parametric studies have also been carried out to investigate the performance characteristics, which significantly provide the design guideline for a range of CP water patch antenna designs in the future.

Beneficial effects of intermittent feedstock management on biogas and methane production

Intermittent supply of easily degradable carbohydrates can be used for on-demand biogas production. The study tested the effects of splitting feeding portions of sugar beet silage (S) on biogas production rates and total yield, respectively and if methane production rates follow those ones of biogas. Four experimental AD reactors were operated for 117 days at organic loading rates of 2.0 kgVS m−3 d−1 and VS ratios of maize silage (M) to S of 3:1. While M was supplied hourly (h0–h12), reactors differed only regarding the intermittent S supply, provided at once (h0), twice (h0, h1) and three times (h0, h1, h2) per twelve-hour observation period. Biogas and methane production rates rose simultaneously after S supply and lasted depending on S intakes. Biogas and methane yields were significantly increased at S given once and twice per period. Appropriate feedstock management can thus influence production rates and increase biogas and methane yields.

Determination of multiple mycotoxins in Qatari population serum samples by LC-MS/MS

Human exposure to mycotoxins is almost inevitable as mycotoxins are naturally occurring contaminants of large portion of food and feed. Depending on the type of mycotoxins, inter-individual mycotoxin adsorption, bioaccumulation, distribution, metabolism and excretion, can cause serious adverse health effects. Therefore, continuous biomonitoring studies of population exposure to mycotoxins are needed. Here we describe a multi-analyte approach for the detection and quantification of 20 mycotoxins in human serum using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray/tandem mass spectrometry operated in targeted multiple reaction monitoring mode. The validated method was used to assess occurrence of mycotoxins in serum samples of 46 residents of Qatar. Mycotoxins that were detected with high incidence were HT-2 toxin (13.0%), sterigmatocystin (10.9%) and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (6.5%). Also, co-exposure to several mycotoxins was noticed in the analysed samples. Our results show that strict food quality control is needed to remove mycotoxin contaminated food from the market in order to minimise human exposure to mycotoxins.

Test results of separate anthelmintic preparations against the helminths of fish in the carp

In this article have been given the literature daa about the treatment and prophylactics against cestodosis and also the effectivity of antigelment preparatus “Monezoland alben” against cestodosis in fish treatment. In the early spring, when the pools are filled with water and fish are started, lime is put into the water and land boundaries, and intermediate masters are an effective way to combat molluscs. For prophylactic treatment, 200–250 g of monsonol (0.20–0.25 g/kg portion of feed) per 100 kg of feed mass of mononol pellets is highly effective, depending on the age and type of fish. The extent of the problem studied. Mortality is less pronounced due to the parasitism of ribbon-worms in fish, but severe economic damage to fisheries as a result of a dramatic decline in the growth and development of infected fish, reduced productivity of nutrients, and deterioration of breeding characteristics [4]. A total of 20 fish infected with leukemia were selected for the experiment. After a complete deworming of one of the fish obtained for the experiment, 2 copies of the 52 and 58 cm lymphocytes were isolated from the abdomen and fixed in 5% formalin solution. In order to treat the ligaments of the affected fish, 7 fish were obtained from one of two pools of 2–1.5 meters of pellets of monsonol, 8% of the weight of 80 kg (0.34 g per 1 kg of live weight).

Water productivity in meat and milk production in the US from 1960 to 2016

Global demand for livestock products is rising, resulting in a growing demand for feed and potentially burdening freshwater resources to produce this feed. To offset this increased pressure on water resources, the environmental performance of livestock sector should continue to improve. Over the last few decades, product output per animal and feedstuff yields in the US have improved, but before now it was unclear to what extent these improvements influenced the water productivity (WP) of the livestock products. In this research, we estimate changes in WP of animal products from 1960 to 2016. We consider feed conversion ratios (dry matter intake per head divided by product output per head), feed composition per animal category, and estimated the water footprint of livestock production following the Water Footprint Network's Water Footprint Assessment methodology. The current WP of all livestock products appears to be much better than in 1960. The observed improvements in WPs are due to a number of factors, including increases in livestock productivity, feed conversion ratios and feed crop yields, the latter one reducing the water footprint of feed inputs. Monogastric animals (poultry and swine) have a high feed-use efficiency compared to ruminants (cattle), but ruminants consume relatively large portion of feed that is non-edible for humans. Per unit of energy content, milk has the largest WP followed by chicken and pork. Per gram of protein, poultry products (chicken meat, egg and turkey meat) have the largest WP, followed by cattle milk and pork. Beef has the smallest WP. These data provide important information that may aid the development of strategies to improve WP of the livestock sector.

Feeding preferences of ostriches towards the inclusion of full-fat canola seed in grower diets

The largest expense of an intensive ostrich production unit is feed cost (ca.75%). Protein makes up a great portion of feed for monogastric animals and this expense can be lowered by utilizing locally produced feedstuffs such as full-fat canola, although it is not clear whether ostriches will readily consume full-fat canola because of its anti-nutritional and other known factors. To evaluate the feeding preference of ostriches towards full-fat canola, 60 South African Black ostriches (82.2 +/- 1.06 kg in live weight) were placed in 10 camps of six birds per camp. Each camp had five identical feed troughs containing diets in which full-fat canola seed (FFCS) incrementally (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of protein source) replaced the soybean oilcake meal (9.8% of the total diet composition in control diet was soybean oilcake meal and full-fat canola was included up to 27.5% of the total diet) as protein source. Dry matter intake (DMI) was measured daily and feed colour characteristics were measured, based on L*, a* and b* colour attributes. Only the 25%FFCS showed a higher DMI (817.38 +/- 81.98 g/bird/day) and percentage DMI (similar to 29.53%) than the other diets, with an average DMI of 488.8 g/bird/day) and percentage DMI of 17.62%. Although the 0%FFCS, 50%FFCS and 75%FFCS had a lighter colour than the 25%FFCS and 100%FFCS and the b* colour parameter for 100%FFCS was lower than the rest, it is believed that these differences had no effect on DMI. Based on the results of this study, diets with up to 27.5% full-fat canola seeds had no detrimental effect on feed intake of finishing ostriches. Birds prefer diets with a combination of 6.9% full-fat canola seed and 7.4% soybean oilcake meal.

54 Altrenogest supplementation during early pregnancy improves swine embryonic development

Progesterone (P4) is of paramount importance in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy for mammals. Progesterone stimulates the endometrial secretion of several molecules involved in conceptus growth and development during the peri-implantation period. Indeed, several studies involving ruminants have reported that exogenous P4 supplementation is related to increased early embryo development, higher levels of interferon tau, and improved pregnancy rate. However, there is a lack of information about P4 supplementation during early pregnancy regarding swine embryonic development. Additionally, some of the few studies involving pigs have shown an impaired pregnancy rate when supplementation was performed before Day 6 of pregnancy. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of progesterone/progestin supplementation from Day 6 of pregnancy on total number of embryos (TE), pregnancy rate (PR), embryo development, and maternal serum 17β-oestradiol concentration (17β-E). A total of 31 crossbred, 2 to 6 parity sows were used. All sows were inseminated every 24h through the first oestrus following a 21-day lactation, and ovulation was detected by transrectal real-time ultrasound to determine Day 0 of pregnancy. On Day 6 of pregnancy, animals were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: CON (n=11), non-supplemented sows; RU (n=11), sows supplemented daily with 20mg of Altrenogest-Regumate® from Day 6 to 12 of pregnancy; and PG (n=9), sows supplemented with 2.15 mg/kg of long-acting P4 IM on Day 6 of pregnancy. Sows were treated with altrenogest p.o. as a top dressing over a small portion of feed. Blood samples were collected from 12 sows (4 per group) on Day 12 of pregnancy to measure the level of plasma 17β-E by radioimmunoassay. Sows were slaughtered on Day 28 of pregnancy. The uterus from each sow was collected and embryos were counted to determine TE. Embryos were individually separated from their placentas, weighed, and crown-to-rump length was determined. Data were analysed by the SAS program. All variables were analysed by PROC-MIXED t-test. Statistical difference was considered when P&amp;lt;0.05. The PR did not differ among groups (91, 90, and 88%, for CON, RU, and PG, respectively; P&amp;gt;0.05). No difference was observed among groups for TE and 17β-E level (P&amp;gt;0.05). However, embryonic weight and crown-to-rump length differed among the 3 groups (P&amp;lt;0.001). The RU-treated sows had heavier and bigger embryos when compared with the other groups. In contrast, PG-treated sows had the lowest averages for the same variables (weight: 1.39±0.01, 1.46±0.02, and 1.22±0.01; crown-to-rump: 21.07±0.08, 21.61±0.11, and 20.66±0.11; for CON, RU, and PG, respectively). In conclusion, altrenogest supplementation from Day 6 to 12 of pregnancy increases size and weight of porcine embryos, whereas 2.15mg kg−1 of long-acting P4 on Day 6 of pregnancy decreased these variables when compared with non-supplemented sows. Research was supported by FAPESP Grant 2017/00290-0.

Determination of the transfer of lead and chromium from feed to raw milk in Holstein cows

ABSTRACTIn this study, we aimed to determinate the transfer of lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) from feed to raw milk in Holstein cows. Solutions of lead acetate and chromium (III) nicotinate were added together at different levels to individual portions of feed on a daily basis. Lead administration for the low-, middle- and high-dosage groups was controlled as 0.9, 1.8 and 3.6 g/day for 30, 30 and 25 days, while chromium was feed at 0.47, 1.5 and 4.7 g/d for 40, 40, and 40 days, respectively. A sensitive graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) method was developed and optimised with a respective limit of detection of lead and chromium found to be 1 and 5 μg kg−1 raw milk. The optical wavelengths for detection of lead and chromium were 283.31 nm and 357.87 nm respectively. The results showed that the highest concentrations of lead in raw milk for the low-, middle- and high-dosage groups were 0.083 ± 0.021, 0.215 ± 0.064 and 0.232 ± 0.035 mg kg−1, which displayed a positive correlation with dosage levels. In addition, a high dosage level accompanied a greater rate of loss of lead contents after dosing withdrawal. However, chromium concentrations maintained a relatively stable range around 0.1 mg kg−1 raw milk for all dosing groups and showed little transfer from feed to raw milk through the whole experiment.

Estimation on Feeding Portions of Slitting Decladded Fuel Fragments to Electrolytic Reduction Process

Performance tests of mechanical decladding technology for estimating the feeding portions of the recovered fuel fragments to an electrolytic reduction process were conducted in terms of the fuel rod burnups of 27.3 to 65.7 GWd/tonne uranium (tU) for the used pressurized water reactor nuclear fuel. The decladding efficiencies with fuel burnups were quantitatively obtained from slitting decladding tests. Based on the average fuel rod burnups, fuel rods with an average burnup of up to 52.3 GWd/tU showed above 99%, but higher burnup fuels of above 54.9 GWd/tU were below 97.52% in the decladding efficiency. It was interpreted that variations in decladding efficiency with fuel burnups were closely linked to the opening characteristics of the gap between the pellets and cladding. However, the fuel fragment size distribution after slitting decladding has little difference in fuel burnup changes between 34.8 and 55.4 GWd/tU. Hence, feeding portions of the fuel fragments from an assembly basis by using the decladding efficiency and recovered fragment size distribution data were estimated with burnup variations of 35 to 52.5 GWd/tU.

Dispersion and oviposition of Aedes albopictus in a Brazilian slum: Initial evidence of Asian tiger mosquito domiciliation in urban environments.

Aedes albopictus, originally considered as a secondary vector for arbovirus transmission, especially in areas where this species co-exist with Aedes aegypti, has been described in most regions of the world. Dispersion and domiciliation of Ae. albopictus in a complex of densely urbanized slums in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, was evidenced. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that 1) Ae. albopictus distribution in urban slums is negatively related to distance from vegetation, and 2) these vectors have taken on a domestic life style with a portion of the population feeding, ovipositing, and resting indoors. To do this, we developed an integrated surveillance proposal, aiming to detect the presence and abundance of Aedes mosquitoes. The study, based on a febrile syndrome surveillance system in a cohort of infants living in the slum complex, was performed on a weekly basis between February 2014 and April 2017. A total of 8,418 adult mosquitoes (3,052 Ae. aegypti, 44 Ae. albopictus, 16 Ae. scapularis, 4 Ae. fluviatilis and 5,302 Culex quinquefasciatus) were collected by direct aspiration and 46,047 Aedes spp. eggs were collected by oviposition traps. The Asian tiger mosquito, Ae. albopictus, was aspirated in its adult form (n = 44), and immature forms of this species (n = 12) were identified from the eggs collected by the ovitraps. In most collection sites, co-occurrence of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus was observed. Key-sites, such as junkyards, thrift stores, factories, tire repair shops and garages, had the higher abundance of Ae. albopictus, followed by schools and households. We collected Ae. albopictus at up to 400 meters to the nearest vegetation cover. The log transformed (n+1) number of females Ae. albopictus captured at each collection point was inversely related to the distance to the nearest vegetation border. These results show that Ae. albopictus, a competent vector for important arboviruses and more commonly found in areas with higher vegetation coverage, is present and spread in neglected and densely urbanized areas, being collected at a long distance from the typical encounter areas for this species. Besides, as Ae. albopictus can easily move between sylvatic and urban environment, the entomological monitoring of Ae. albopictus should be an integral part of mosquito surveillance and control. Finally, key-sites, characterized by high human influx and presence of potential Aedes breeding sites, should be included in entomological monitoring.

Effect of betaine supplementation during summer on sow lactation and subsequent farrowing performance

ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of betaine supplementation during lactation in hot summer months on piglet growth and sow subsequent reproductive performance. The betaine feeding portion of the experiment was conducted between December 2014 and March 2015 with subsequent litter data completed by July 2015 in Rancagua, Chile. Dietary treatments were allotted randomly to concurrent farrowing rooms of sows. Sows were fed diets supplemented with either 0% (n = 193) or 0.3% (n = 175 sows) of betaine-HCl (70.7% betaine) from 2 d before their farrowing due date until weaning (average lactation length = 21.0 d). Betaine supplemented sows had 3.90% greater ADFI during lactation than control sows (P = 0.005). Treatments by parity interactions were significant for ADFI and sow BW loss (P = 0.008 and P = 0.005, respectively). Parity 2 sows that received betaine supplementation had greater ADFI (6.89 versus 6.17 kg/d) and 6.70 kg less BW loss than parity 2 control sows (P

Фізіолого-бохімічні показники крові корів за згодовування добавки аквагідрату йоду і цитратів хрому, селену, кобальту та цинку

Фізіолого-бохімічні показники крові корів за згодовування добавки аквагідрату йоду і цитратів хрому, селену, кобальту та цинку

ANALYSIS COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 12-24 MONTHS IN PUSKESMAS LESUNG BATU, EMPAT LAWANG

Background: Complementary feeding is a supplementary food given to babies after age 6 months to 24 months of age in order to meet the nutritional needs in addition to breast milk. However, complementary feeding which is not under WHO standard become one of the causes of the increasing prevalence of malnutrition in children aged 12-24 months in the world and in Indonesia. The incidence of malnutrition at Lesung Batu Puskesmas, Empat Lawang is still quite high at 18%. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship giving complementary feeding with the incidence of nutritional status in the region. Method: This study used case control design. Sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to the number of samples was 80 consisting of 40 cases and 40 controls. Data was taken from data register cases of malnutrition primer using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements of children nutritional status and using neighborhood controls. The data was analyzed by univariate, bivariate chi square. Result: Hypothesis test results indicated that the nutritional status of children associated with the frequency of complementary feeding (p value<0.0001; OR 6.6), and history of infectious disease (p value 0,04; OR 3). Meanwhile, the age of first administration of complementary feeding, the texture of foods, the variation of foods and a portion of complementary feeding were not associated with nutritional status children aged 12-24 months. Conclusion: Advice can be given that mothers who have children 6-24 months should give more attention to the provision of complementary feeding in accordance with the recommended WHO through counseling, information, education and communication related nutrition and complementary feeding practices of infants and children. Keywords: complementary feeding, nutritional status, children aged 12-24 month DOI: https://doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2016.7.2.139-149