Portion Of Feed Research Articles

Effects of Substituting Tenebrio molitor and Elodea nuttallii as Feed on Growth, Flesh Quality and Intestinal Microbiota of Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substituting a portion of feed with Tenebrio molitor (TM) and Elodea nuttallii (EN) on crayfish culture. A total of 270 crayfish (5.1 ± 0.4 g) were fed three different diet combinations (A: 100% feed; B: 80% feed + 10% TM + 10% EN; C: 75% feed + 15% TM + 10% EN) for 12 weeks. The findings demonstrated that group C had an important beneficial impact on the growth performance of crayfish. This was evidenced by a rise in digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, lipase, and cellulase) in the intestinal and hepatopancreas, as well as an upregulation in the expression of growth-related genes (ghsr, igfbp7, mhc, mlc1, mef2, and pax7) in the muscle. Furthermore, the assessment of the flesh quality of crayfish muscle in group C was conducted. The findings indicated a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the energy value (moisture, crude protein, and crude lipid) within the muscle. The levels of delicious amino acids (Glu, Ala, Ser, Gly, and Tyr) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (ARA, DHA) were enhanced, resulting in an improved nutritional profile and flavor of the muscle while maintaining the Σn-3/Σn-6 ratio. The remodeling of the intestinal microbiota (abundance of Proteobacteria and ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota bacteria) also revealed improved growth performance. Additional research is necessary to ascertain whether excessive use of TM or EN feed substitution can have negative effects on crayfish culture.

Qualitative feed restriction affects frustration, fear, motivation to explore, and feather fault bars in Ross 308 broiler breeder cockerels

Broiler breeders show behaviours indicative of hunger and frustration stemming from unfulfilled behavioural needs for feeding. This is largely due to quantitative feed restriction which is common practice in the management of these birds, particularly in the rearing period. As an alternative, qualitative feed restriction allows a larger portion of feed to be provided without increasing the caloric intake. While several studies have assessed the effects of qualitative feeding on female broiler breeders, no such assessment has been done on broiler breeder cockerels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feed dilution and roughage on the level of stress, fear and motivation to explore of broiler breeder cockerels. 200 Ross 308 broiler breeder cockerels (between 5 and 10 weeks of age) were housed in 12 pens (6 pens/treatment), 17 birds/pen. The treatments were standard feed (Control) and feed diluted with 20 % insoluble oat hulls and 150 g of alfalfa roughage daily/pen (D+R). The D+R birds received 20 % more feed per day. Novel object (NO) and frustration during thwarted feeding tests were performed in the home pen and the response recorded with video cameras. In addition, four birds from each pen were subjected to a tonic immobility test (TI). All behavioural tests were performed once a week at 6, 8 and 10 weeks of age. Finally, after euthanasia, two feathers from each bird were plucked and macroscopically examined for the presence of fault bars. The control birds showed a tendency to approach the NO faster than the D+R birds (P = 0.07) and were more likely to approach at 10 weeks of age (P = 0.006). In the frustration test, D+R birds spent less time pecking the feed container (P = 0.049), more time standing (P = 0.01) and tended to have fewer behavioural transitions (P = 0.09) than control birds, which indicates a reduction in frustration levels. In addition, Control birds stayed in TI longer than D+R birds (160.7 ± 15.5 s and 98.1 ± 15.4, respectively. P = 0.005). However, D+R had more fault bars compared to Control birds (P = 0.02), highlighting that care is needed to interpret these contradicting results. Nevertheless, the results show that the combination of feed dilution and daily roughage can have positive effects on the welfare of broiler breeder cockerels by reducing the sensation of hunger as indicated by fear, frustration, and motivation to explore.

Sistem Pemberian Pakan Hamster Otomatis berbasis Mikrokontroler

This research aims to create an automatic hamster feeder system at night following the nocturnal nature of hamsters. The system will be given a command in the form of a message via the Telegram messaging application to fill the hamster's weight which will be calculated as a calculation of the hamster's daily feed portion. The nature of hamsters which are generally nocturnal, in contrast to humans who usually rest at night, makes it difficult for humans to feed their hamsters at night regularly. The daily portion of hamster food is around 0.11 times the hamster's body weight and this provision must be appropriate not to cause obesity in the hamster. Based on these circumstances, this research is proposed as a solution to this problem. After filling the hamster's weight information, the system will calculate the hamster's daily food weight and when the sensor catches that the hamster approaching the system, the system will immediately open the servo motor to pour the hamster food.

Effects of Silage Type and Feeding Intensity on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Finishing Holstein-Friesian Bulls.

The study aimed at evaluating the influence of silage type (grass silage-GS, and maize silage-MS) and energy level in the feed portion on animals' performance, carcass value and the quality of Holstein-Friesian bull meat. The animals were reared using intensive (I) feeding, 1.02 feed units for meat production (UFV)/kg dry matter (DM), and semi-intensive (SI) feeding, 0.94 UFV/kg DM. Thirty-two HF bulls with an average live weight of 530 kg were assigned to four feeding groups. The proportions (g/kg DM) of feed in the diets were as follows: group GS-I, GS 500, concentrate 500; group GS-SI, GS 700, concentrate 300; group MS-I, MS 500, concentrate 500; and group MS-SI, MS 700, concentrate 300. After 4 months of the finishing phase, bulls were slaughtered and samples of the longissimus lumborum muscle were collected. The silage type did not affect performance, carcass value or meat quality. However, in the intensive feeding, a 33% increase (p < 0.01) in daily weight gain and a reduction in the feed conversion ratio compared to semi-intensive feeding were noted. The carcasses of bulls fed intensively received higher scores for conformation and fatness than the carcasses of bulls fed semi-intensively. The meat of I group bulls had a higher intramuscular fat content and received higher juiciness, tenderness, taste and overall acceptability scores.

The Effect of Black Soldier Fly Maggot Powder on Performance, Digestive Organ Weight, and Carcass Proportion Supermaron Native Chicken

The objective of this study is to determine if and how the maggot black army fly flour in the diet affects the health and productivity of domesticated supermaron chickens. The feed ration contains black soldier fly (BSF) maggot flour, which has the potential to be employed as a source of animal protein both biologically and commercially. This study was conducted in vivo, which means that varied degrees of administration in the ratio of the protein content in the ration were given directly to animals. T-Test was used in this investigation with two treatments and eight replications. The treatment consisted of control (T0), namely complete feed with 20% protein content, and T1 in the form of control feed plus supplementation of maggot flour with protein content of 40.83% as much as 10% of each portion of feed given. The parameters studied were performance, weight and length of digestive organs, and proportion of carcass consisting of feed consumption, ADG, FCR, Digestive organs mass relatives, and carcass proportions. Based on the research that supplementation with 10% maggot flour has not had a significant effect on all parameters found. This is due to the possibility that a complete diet that satisfies the nutritional requirements of domesticated supermaron chickens and the addition of 10% BSF maggot flour have not been able to maximize the productivity of domesticated supermaron chickens, necessitating increased BSF maggot meal levels.

Transformation of the feed supply segment of the aquaculture value chain in Bangladesh

The rapid growth of aquaculture in Bangladesh over the past three decades has been facilitated by increasing supplementary feed use and increasing numbers of feed suppliers, but little is known about the organization and behavior of the feed supply segment of aquaculture value chain. We conducted a comprehensive survey with 79 feed suppliers of two types: ‘dealers’ linked to feed companies (n = 34) and independent retailers (n = 45), in the seven main aquaculture producing districts of southern Bangladesh in 2021 to address this knowledge gap. We found the following. (1) Over the past 10 years, the number of traders increased 70% and the volume of feed traded almost doubled. (2) Feed supply is shifting from traditional agricultural byproducts to formulated feeds (47% of total feed), and floating feeds as a subset of those (54% of formulated feed), contributing to increasing farm productivity. (3) The formulated fish feed market in Bangladesh is diverse, but quite concentrated. Feed suppliers sold formulated feed produced by 35 companies, with eight companies accounting for 74% of sales. (4) Feed handling practices are efficient. Traders sell feeds quickly (average turnover time 10 days) and storage practices are adequate to maintain quality. (5) No traders reported experiencing any waste or loss of feed during their most recent completed transaction, and only 5% of traders reported losing a small portion of feed (1.7%) during transport. (6) The average profit margin earned by feed suppliers is a modest 6.2%. (7) Feed trading creates substantial employment: 43,937 full time equivalent (FTE) jobs in the seven surveyed districts. In sum, the feed supply segment of the aquaculture value chain in southern Bangladesh is dynamic, well-developed, and relatively competitive and efficient. This finding is contrary to the conventional wisdom, which often portrays the sector as inefficient and beset by problems.

The association of complementary feeding with stunting in cildren aged 6 – 24 months in the working area of Talang health center, Solok regency, West Sumatra

The problem of stunting in Solok regency exceeds the standard set by WHO, the prevalence is 40.1%, and be the highest one in West Sumatra. Children who gain stunting in the first 1000 days of life or during the age of two are more vulnerable to stunting after the child is two years old, therefore early screening and nutritional improvement are needed before the child is two years old. This research aims to determine the relationship between history of complementary feeding encompass (age,texture, frequency, and portion of complementery feeding). The design of this research was a case control conducted at the Talang Health Center, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. The research sample consisted of 80 mothers and children aged 6-24 months, divided into 40 sample groups of stunting and 40 sample groups normal children. Sample taken by total sampling method for the case group and for the control matching with posyandu areas were the same as the cases and taken by simple random sampling. Data was collected by questionnaire. Analysis test used by chi-square. The results of bivariate analysis related to stunting p-values obtained age of complementary feeding ( p = 0.003), the texture of complementary feeding ( p = 0.042), the frequency of complementary feeding ( p = 0.001), the portion of complementary feeding ( p = 0.002). This study concludes that there is an association of complementary feeding with stunting children aged 6 – 24 months in the work area of Talang health center, Solok regency.

Exploring the reasons why mothers do not breastfeed, to inform and enable better support.

Infant and maternal breastfeeding benefits are well documented, globally. Despite efforts to increase global breastfeeding rates, the majority of high-income settings fall short of recommended targets. Breastfeeding rates in the UK are especially poor, and physiological difficulties (e.g., inverted nipples), fail to account for the observed breastfeeding intention-behaviour gap. The current online study sought to investigate the infant feeding experiences of 624 UK formula feeding mothers, through open text survey responses. A content analysis identified the following clusters of reasons for formula feeding: Feeding Attitudes, Feeding Problems, Mental Health, and Sharing the Load. Feeding Attitudes explained a large percentage of reasons given for formula feeding. Recommendations are made to improve antenatal breastfeeding education and to develop an intervention with an aim to improve maternal breastfeeding attitudes and subsequent practice. Feeding Problems also explained a large portion of combination feeding and started but stopped infant feeding accounts. The current paper calls for more comprehensive and tailored antenatal breastfeeding education to refine practical breastfeeding skills necessary for successful breastfeeding establishment and maintenance. Mental Health explained relatively small coverage. Suggestions are therefore made to train mental health practitioners on infant feeding with an aim to provide more extensive support, which may serve to disrupt the bidirectional relationship between poor mental health and poor breastfeeding outcomes. Finally, Sharing the Load explained moderate coverage across never breastfed, combination fed, and started but stopped feeding groups. Recommendations are made, in light of these findings, to tighten workplace legislation to protect breastfeeding women.

ԿԵՆՍԱԷՄՈՒԼԳԱՏՈՐՆԵՐԻ ԵՎ L-ԿԱՐՆԻՏԻՆԻ ՕԳՏԱԳՈՐԾՄԱՆ ԱՐԴՅՈՒՆԱՎԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՈՐՈՇՈՒՄԸ ԲՐՈՅԼԵՐՆԵՐԻ ՑԱԾՐ ԿԱԼՈՐԻԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՄԲ ԿԵՐԱԲԱԺԻՆՆԵՐՈՒՄ

During the research aimed at reducing the cost price of poultry feed and increasing their productivity lysofort bio-emulator and L-carnitine supplement were used. 4 groups of ROSS-308 broilers were made (100 heads each). The control group received feed portion corresponding to the nutrition value of ROSS-308 cross boiler feed, containing defined content of exchange energy (in the initial phase-3050 kcal/kg, in the growth period-3100 kcal/kg, and in the final stage-3200 kcal/kg). In the experimental groups, the efficiency of the exchange energy was artificially reduced, mostly due to low content of vegetable oil. Feed conversion, head maintenance, live broiler chickens of different ages, growth dynamics, average daily weight growth, meat qualities of slaughtered poultry were studied in all groups. According to the research results, compared with the control group, the indicators of feed conversion and average daily weight growth of broiler chicken fed by portions containing bio-emulator and L-carnitine were improved, which testifies to the increase in the availability of energy. Due to the synergy of joint application of bio-emulators and L-carnitine, feed conversion is improved, production costs and cost price are reduced, the productivity of broilers is increased, as well as the profitability of poultry production (not at the cost of increasing the consumer prices) and meat quality is improved (as a result of increasing the amount of protein and reducing fat). As an efficient and safe means to increase the profitability of poultry production, the bio-emulators and L-carnitine can be used in the feed of meat poultry.

Aktivitas Makan Orangutan Kalimantan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting Wilayah Camp Leakey Kab. Kotawaringin Barat Sebagai Penunjang Materi Konservasi

Conservation activities for the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) are strongly influenced by several factors in environmental and habitat conditions so that the sustainability of the orangutan population is maintained, including playing an important role in terms of feeding activities and the ability to adapt to eating orangutans in reintroduction areas through monitoring activities in the daily lives of orangutans, emphasizing knowledge of eating activities in the Leakey camp area as an orangutan release conservation institution needs to be done. Observation of the eating activity of orangutans was carried out using the Focal Animal Sampling method. All activities carried out by individuals are observed and recorded. Observations were made starting from leaving the nest at around 06.30 WIB and finished observing at 17.30 WIB. Observations include diet (length of time), type of feed, portion of feed consumed. The data obtained will be tabulated and the percentage determined by displaying the data in the form of tables and charts. The length of time for eating activities of the Gara orangutans occupies the second highest percentage for eating activities, namely 33.0%, resting activity is 55.2% as the most activity and making nests 11.8%, Casper orangutans have the highest feeding activity, which is 91.4% and the second highest play activity 4.6% and the third to make a nest 4.1%. The types of feed consumed by Gara orangutans were 8 species consisting of Gluta renghas L 9%, Mangifera odorata 18%, Pandanus helicopus 14%, Symlecos celastrifolia 4%, Osbornia octodonta 4%, Musa acuminate 23%, Coptotermes curvignathus 14%, Coptotermes sp5% and Casper orangutan 4 species consisting of Diaphania indica s 46%, Mangifera odorata 23%, Musa acuminate 27%, Pimenta officinalis 4%. The portion of feed consumed by the orangutans Gara and Casper is dominated by the fruit portion.

Biofloc as a Food Source for Banana Shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis Postlarvae

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of wet biofloc on water quality and feeding, growth performance, survival, and body composition of banana shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis. The experiment consisted of the control group (feeding 100% commercial feed and 50% water exchange per day without biofloc) and four treatments in which portions of the commercial feed were replaced by wet biofloc (T2: 25%, T3: 50%, T4: 75%, and T5: 100%) with limited water exchange. Postlarvae of banana shrimp (mean ± SD weight of 4.5 ± 0.68 mg, density of 5 postlarvae/L) were experimentally held in fiberglass tanks with 170 L of seawater with salinity of 28‰ for 30 d. An acceptable range of total ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen was maintained in rearing tanks with wet biofloc throughout the experiment despite minimal water exchanges, but total ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were significantly higher in the control group. Postlarvae fed with 25% wet biofloc had significantly higher total biomass (222.36 g) and survival (76.27%) compared with the other treatments. A comparison of banana shrimp fed with 25% or 50% wet biofloc and those fed with 100% commercial feed did not show a significant difference in body composition. The highest levels of body ash (12.7% of dry weight) were obtained in banana shrimp fed with 100% wet biofloc. In general, it was found that up to 50% of commercial feed can be replaced with wet biofloc (developed under the conditions of this study) without compromising growth performance, survival, and carcass quality of banana shrimp postlarvae.

A broadband dual‐polarized antenna with quasi‐trapezoidal patches for 5G base station application

A differential dual-polarized patch antenna with broadband, high isolation, and low cross-polarization level for 5G base station is presented. The antenna is composed of the radiating element, feeding structure, and reflector. The radiating element is designed with four identical smaller quasi-trapezoidal patches to achieve a wider bandwidth, which is capacitively driven by two trapezoidal feeding patches. Impedance matching of antennas can be adjusted by tuning the size of quasi-trapezoidal patches in the feeding portion. Finally, a prototype antenna is fabricated based on the simulated model. The measured bandwidth of the proposed antenna is about 27.8% (3.19–4.22 GHz) with VSWR<1.5, and the port isolation is better than 39.5 dB over the whole operating band. Furthermore, the proposed antenna has a stable gain of 8.55 ± 0.8 dBi and a low cross-polarization level (<−33 dB) within the operating band.

GAMBARAN PEMBERIAN MENU SEHAT MPASI DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI KABUPATEN BIMA

One of the factors can directly affect stunting in children under the age of two is the intake factor, including breast milk (ASI) and complementary foods for breast milk (MPASI). MPASI is food or drink that contains nutrients and is given to infants or children aged 6-24 months to meet nutritional needs other than breast milk. Appropriate complementary feeding is an effort can reduce stunting rates and increase child survival. A good complementary food is fulfilling the requirements on time, nutritionally complete, sufficient and balanced, safe, and given in the right way.This study aims to find out the description of giving a healthy complementary food menu to prevent stunting, the time of giving the first complementary food, the history of breastfeeding, knowing the type of complementary food given to children, knowing the texture of the complementary food given to children and knowing the portion of complementary food each meal.This research is a quantitative research, conducted in Bima, NTB. Data collection techniques were carried out by distributing questionnaires and observations. The data analysis used in this study was univariate.The results showed that most of the toddlers received complementary foods according to the time of administration, namely from the age of 6 months by 75%, most of the respondents were still wrong in determining the texture of complementary foods by 77%, most of the respondents were less precise in the frequency of giving complementary foods by 75%, most of them respondents in terms of the portion of complementary feeding has been appropriate by 59%, some respondents in giving complementary food have not applied the healthy menu of complementary food 4 stars by 73%.

GAMBARAN PEMBERIAN MENU SEHAT MPASI DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI KABUPATEN BIMA

One of the factors can directly affect stunting in children under the age of two is the intake factor, including breast milk (ASI) and complementary foods for breast milk (MPASI). MPASI is food or drink that contains nutrients and is given to infants or children aged 6-24 months to meet nutritional needs other than breast milk. Appropriate complementary feeding is an effort can reduce stunting rates and increase child survival. A good complementary food is fulfilling the requirements on time, nutritionally complete, sufficient and balanced, safe, and given in the right way.This study aims to find out the description of giving a healthy complementary food menu to prevent stunting, the time of giving the first complementary food, the history of breastfeeding, knowing the type of complementary food given to children, knowing the texture of the complementary food given to children and knowing the portion of complementary food each meal.This research is a quantitative research, conducted in Bima, NTB. Data collection techniques were carried out by distributing questionnaires and observations. The data analysis used in this study was univariate.The results showed that most of the toddlers received complementary foods according to the time of administration, namely from the age of 6 months by 75%, most of the respondents were still wrong in determining the texture of complementary foods by 77%, most of the respondents were less precise in the frequency of giving complementary foods by 75%, most of them respondents in terms of the portion of complementary feeding has been appropriate by 59%, some respondents in giving complementary food have not applied the healthy menu of complementary food 4 stars by 73%.

Influence of a stopping angle of a spiral coil on the operation of a spiral-screw dispenser

Dosing of dry concentrated feed to dairy cows is one of the most important tasks in the field of livestock mechanization. Devices that carry out volume dosing are more reliable and easier to be manufactured. Volumetric dispensers also include a spiral-screw dispenser – a special case of a screw dispenser. It is proposed to study the working process of the spiral-screw dispenser, namely the influence of a stopping angle of the last turn of the transporting spiral at the end of the discharge hole of the cylindrical casing. The paper indicates the method of determining and the value of the physical and mechanical properties of granulated feed. A laboratory installation on which it is possible to change the angle of installation of the spiral on the drive shaft is described. To study the effect of the stopping angle of the last turn of the transporting spiral on the accuracy of the formation of the feed portion, spirals with a diameter of 49, 73, 97 mm with different steps of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 of the diameter values were used. As a result of the experiments, it was revealed that the lowest coefficient of variation is 0.56 – 17.50%. And, accordingly, the greatest dosing accuracy is obtained when the last turn of the spiral stops at the position of 0°. That is, when the turn stops at the edge of the discharge neck in its lower part and this is typical for all sizes of spirals that were used.

Clinical rationale for the treatment tactics of term patients diagnosed with transient neonatal tachypnoea without parenteral nutrition

Introduction. To analyze the efficacy and safety of treatment tactics for term patients diagnosed with TTN in an ICU without venous access and parenteral nutrition.Materials and methods. The study gives a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 241 ICU patients from January 2020 to March 2021. 83 children meet general criteria for inclusion in the study.Results and Discussion. While comparing the study group and the control group, no significant difference was detected in the incidence of risk factors during pregnancy and childbirth, such as gestational diabetes, ARVI during pregnancy, chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia, and the frequency of a prolonged anhydrous period, the frequency of induced labor, delivery by caesarean section, fetal distress and the use of vacuum extraction. Despite the same initial level of severity of respiratory disorders, when the child was admitted to the ICU, the duration of CPAP therapy was significantly higher in the control group: 7.5 (5.5-12) versus 5 (4-6) hours p = 5×10-5. The average length of hospital stay in the ICU and the total length of hospital stay was significantly higher in the control group (p = 4×10-11 and p = 0.006, respectively), as well as the need for treatment in the Neonatal Pathology unit conditions (p = 0.001).Conclusion. Analyzing the tactics of treating term patients diagnosed with TTN, the study proved that children without venous access require less time for respiratory therapy with CPAP in the NICU, the total duration of hospitalization in the NICU is significantly lower, as well as the need for additional treatment in the Neonatal Pathology unit. The study revealed that the early onset of enteral nutrition and the rapid expansion of the feeding portion, provided with child’s stable health condition, enable to avoid the installation of venous access and the prescription of parenteral nutrition at the ICU stage.

Milk productivity of holstein cows at optimization of fat levels in their diets

The work is devoted to determining the optimal level of fat in concentrate-senage diets for high-yield cows and studying the effect of various levels of fat in the dry matter of the diet on milk productivity and chemical composition of milk. Studies have shown the insufficiency of household diets of highly productive cows with a dry diet content of 3.2% raw fat. This deterred the potential for dairy productivity. Addition of fat in cow diets by equivalent energy and protein replacement of a portion of the compound feed with a rapeseed cake up to a level of 4.2% of the dry substance provides an increase in milk productivity in relation to the control group receiving 3.2% fat. Optimization of the fat level in the dry substance of the diet up to 4.2% in the nutrition system of cows increases the functional activity of the breast in their body, which is expressed in the growth of breast productivity by 6.78%, improvement of the chemical composition and technological properties of milk. A further increase in dietary fat to 5.2% has a less pronounced effect on the change in milk productivity.

Fast WGS source attribution of Listeria monocytogenes outbreak in a sheep flock in Abruzzo region

Abstract Background Listeriosis is a life-threatening disease in human as well as animals, cows and sheep are the most sensible to the disease. Correlation to feed is well documented (silage). Some clonal complexes (CCs) are more virulent than others and frequently involved in animal and human listeriosis. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and in silico CCs identification and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) determination are the best way to characterize isolates and confirm connection between clinical strains and source of contamination. This work aimed to demonstrate the advantages of using WGS to find the source of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), causing an outbreak in an ovine farm in Abruzzo region. Methods Lm was detected according to ISO 11290-1:2017. Serogroup was determined by multiplex PCR. WGS data were obtained using Illumina platform. Sequences were used to assess CCs and cgMLST according to BIGSdb Pasteur platform. Two brain samples and 1 lymph node from 2 sheep, one sample of silage (15 analytical portion), and 1 sample of hay were tested. Results Lm was detected in all animal specimens and in 2 analytical portions of feed (silage) tested. Out of 35 colonies detected 28 were identified as Lm (27 serogoup IVb and 1 sample of silage serogroup IIa). Five colonies were selected for WGS (one from each animal brain, one from the lymph node and one from each positive analytical portion of silage), among them only one colony from the silage showed the same CC of the strains isolated from sheep (CC1). cgMLST revealed no allelic distances between these strains. Conclusions CC1 is the main virulent clone among Lm isolates often involved in human and animal outbreak. Feed may be a vehicle for Lm and could be the outbreak source. Cases ceased after removing the silage. Use of WGS is a definitive help in source attribution when feed is available and the sampling is done in a correct manner. Key messages Silage can be cause of listeriosis in livestock. WGS can improve source attribution of outbreaks detecting the relatedness of the strains and improving the epidemiological investigation in case of outbreak.

Monitoring and Feeding System for Pets

Over the years, more and more households are beginning to have pets. So, the most important issue recently was how to raise pets in an easy way. In today’s world, there is a growing focus on the regular interactions between human and physical devices. This paper introduces a smart pet monitoring and feeding system that is working in an environment of Internet of Things (IoT). Pet feeders came into existence as pet owners found it difficult to cater time to feed their pets. This system allows the owner to schedule and manage feeding times, portion sizes, and food supply for pets. They are controllable on smartphones using blynk and computers in order to feed them even when owners are away. The food dispensing mechanism is performed by the servomotor. It allows the user to monitor the pets using IP camera. A voice recording module is interfaced to the Arduino Uno with the owner’s voice recording for calling the pets at the meal time. Automatic water refilling has been designed and implemented along with the food dispenser.It offers new and developed way of feeding pets without the need of human intervention with refill alert and feeding alert. . Using smart pet feeder in houses will assure pet owners and increase comfort and peace of mind. Especially when we are unavailable for them.

Integrating Clitoria ternatea and corn in dry land farming for seed production and high quality forage for livestock in West Timor East Nusa Tenggara: Oebelo Village farmer’s experience

The existing farming in Oebelo Village was a mixed farming. Farmers grow corn once a year in the rainy season, with beans, cassava, onion and pumpkin. Livestock keeping varied between farmers, including cattle, goat, pig, and local chicken. The introduction of Clitoria ternatea opened a new horizon of farming and a new source of income and forage. By integrating Clitoria ternatea farmers were able to: (i) improve corn productivity performance, (ii) receive additional income from selling forage and seed, and (iii) obtain high-quality forage source to feed livestock (goat, pig, and chicken). In 2019, farmersplanted Clitoria ternateaon 0.25 ha after harvest of corn (in February) and sold 30 kg of clitoria seed at 30-35 thousand rupiahs/kg, and feeding forage as additional feed portion to chicken and pigs. In 2019/2020 farmersplanted 3.13 ha, either in monoculture or in a relay, and sold 168 kg of Clitoria seed at 30 thousand rupiahs/kg. In early 2020 the farmers started to raise goats, and also keep on feeding the forage to chicken and pigs. Farmers noticed an improvement in the corn plant performance on the plot previously planted with Clitoria, and harvested more corn grain without even fertilized.