Feeding Babies Research Articles

Mothers’ Milk and Mothers’ Time: Childcare Advice and the Conceptualization of Demand Feeding in Post-1945 Britain and Italy

AbstractThis article draws on childcare advice to investigate the shift from breastfeeding by the clock to feeding on demand in twentieth-century Britain and Italy, to demonstrate that it was not just mothers’ bodies, nor what they fed their children, but their time that was subject to political, medical, and cultural attention. The comparative approach highlights the convergences and divergences in breastfeeding advice, illuminating the interactions with political and intellectual currents, as much as social and economic patterns. ‘Scientific motherhood’ and the promotion of feeding by the clock dominated in Britain and Italy at the beginning of the century, and persisted under fascist initiatives to regulate breastfeeding. Some existing differences, however, contained the seeds of greater divergence after 1945 in the two countries. Shaped by differing intersections of medical, psychoanalytic, and feminist thinking, the uneven shift to the concept of demand feeding slowly took root in Britain in the post-war period, but in Italy only in the context of 1968 counter-cultural ideas. The 1970s brought the conversation back to a point of convergence between Britain and Italy in the feminist recognition of the complexities of balancing the ‘rights and duties’ of mothers and children when it came to feeding babies.

Improving feeding skills and transition to breastfeeding in early preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial of oromotor intervention.

Oromotor therapy exercises used for preterm infants in the NICU might promote oral-motor skills and shorten discharge day. This study investigates the impact of an oral-motor therapy program on the successful transition to breastfeeding (BF) and the enhancement of feeding skills in preterm infants below 30 weeks of gestational age who experience feeding intolerance. The intervention group received oral-motor therapy programme for one month, while the control group did not. The feeding skills were evaluated by Early Feeding Skills Assessment Tool (EFS) and Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Scales (POFRAS). There was a significant difference in EFS and POFRAS scores, transition to bottle feeding at discharge and transition to BF after discharge between babies given oral-motor therapy programme and controls (p < 0.05). While the transition time to full enteral feeds did not vary significantly between the groups, noteworthy outcomes were observed in the intervention group, including differences in feeding type at discharge, the nature of feeds at discharge, and the success of transitioning to breastfeeding after discharge. We conclude that the oromotor therapy exercises in NICU improves the quality of sucking, contributes to better oromotor skills and promotes transition to enteral feeding and BF in preterm babies. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT05845684).

Laboratory Evaluation of Transtracheal Wash (TTW) in Buffaloes Affected with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Background- Evaluation of transtracheal wash (TTW) has been proved beneficial in the diagnosis and understanding the pathology of lower respiratory tract infection in species like equines and dogs. However, its diagnostic potential in buffaloes has not been explored much. This study elucidated the cytological and microbiological features of TTW in buffaloes. Methods- TTW was collected from 36 buffaloes (26 diseased and 10 healthy control) after adequately restraining and using baby feeding tube after giving a small stab incision at ventral neck region. After collection, TTW were subjected to cytological studies following staining with Leishman stain. TTW was also sent aseptically to laboratory for bacteriological culture. Results- The lower respiratory tract affections like aspiration pneumonia, suppurative pneumonia, fibrinopurulent pneumonia, chronic pneumonia and tuberculous pneumonia were diagnosed based on cytology of TTW in correlation with history and comprehensive clinical examination. The mean cell number (cells/HPF) in TTW of diseased buffaloes were significantly higher than control groups. In control groups, the predominant cells were alveolar macrophages followed by neutrophils, epithelial cells, lymphocytes and other cells which includes mast cells, fibroblasts and unidentified nucleated cells. Neutrophils were the predominant cells followed by macrophages in TTW of buffaloes diagnosed with suppurative, fibrinopurulent and aspiration pneumonia, whereas, alveolar macrophage were predominant in TTW of chronic pneumonia and tuberculous pneumonia affected animals. Four out of ten TTW samples from healthy animals were evidenced bacterial growth in which Staphylococcus spp. was the predominantly isolated bacteria. TTW samples from 20 out of 26 diseased buffaloes were found positive for bacterial culture from which a total of 30 bacterial isolates were obtained which include Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus spp., E. coli and Bacillus spp. Thus, TTW provides vital information about the ongoing pathogenesis in respiratory tract infection. It is suggested that, cytological and bacteriological culture of TTW samples should be carried out during the diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of respiratory tract infection in buffaloes.

Enhanced inactivation of Cronobacter sakazakii on various surfaces through bubble water assisted 405 nm light and folic acid treatment

The present study investigated inactivation of Cronobacter sakazakii inoculated on surface materials by bubble water–aided 405 nm light combined with folic acid (LFA). Polypropylene and silicon, widely used in baby feeding bottles, were used as surface materials, and inactivation of pathogens from surface materials and from water containing pathogens detached from surface materials was investigated. The combination of 405 nm light with folic acid accelerated the reduction of pathogens compared with all individual treatments. Even though the reduction of C. sakazakii inoculated on polypropylene was higher than that inoculated on silicon, significant differences were not observed for most experimental conditions. When folic acid was re-used for the maximum five times, the reduction of C. sakazakii inoculated on polypropylene and silicon did not differ significantly. Studies on the bactericidal mechanism of the combined treatment with reactive oxygen species scavengers revealed that hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and superoxide had significant effects on inactivation of C. sakazakii. When powdered infant formula (with and without lactic acid bacteria) was used as interference materials, reduction levels decreased compared to the control. The results of the present study showed that bubble water–aided combined treatment of 405 nm light and folic acidcan be used effectively to inactivate C. sakazakii on surface materials.

A formative research to explore the programmatic approach of vaccinating the Rohingya refugees and host communities against COVID-19 infection in Bangladesh

BackgroundThe vaccination of the Rohingya refugees and host communities against COVID-19 in Cox’s Bazar started in August 2021. Government authorities and Non-Government Organisation partners implemented a project around the initial period of vaccination to improve awareness and access to target beneficiaries. We conducted formative research to understand the programmatic approach of this project and identify potential challenges and community perceptions regarding immunisation against COVID-19.MethodologyThis was formative research in which we used a qualitative method of data collection. Purposively chosen 12 key-informant interviews and conveniently chosen 20 in-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured interview guidelines from August to September 2022 in the Rohingya camp and host communities of Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh. Ethical approval was obtained from the North South University Institutional Review Board, and written informed consent was obtained from all the participants. We used a thematic analysis approach to analyse the data.ResultsThe project neither provided any promotional or tailored messages regarding the COVID-19 vaccine nor conducted any vaccine hesitancy surveys before implementing the project. The project did not provide any storage facilities for the vaccines’ cold chain management but provided transport support to carry the vaccines from the district to the sub-district level. Community leaders were included in the decision-making process during local-level planning of the vaccination programme. The project supported the reporting of any adverse effects following immunisation from community members to the government health authorities. Vaccine hesitancy among participants was high in the early stages, but mass campaigns and vaccination of frontline health workers increased their acceptance. The major challenges reported by the informants were low budget and lower salaries of field staff, stacking of the registration process at the beginning, reluctance of participants, inadequate transportation and manpower, and inadequate baby feeding corners at vaccination centers.ConclusionThe findings from our study will help policymakers from the Government, the UN, and other humanitarian agencies to adapt and better address the issue of vaccine acceptance and strengthen the vaccination programme.

Knowledge-practice gap in breastfeeding and the factors influencing it among the urban mothers attending the immunization clinic under a tertiary care hospital in eastern India

Background: Breast milk is a complete food for the newborn. Timely introduction of breast milk and exclusive breast feeding till 6 months of age of a newborn, with proper positioning and adequate attachment to mother’s breast is encouraged as Initiation of breast feeding within the first hour after birth, prevents the newborn from the risk of morbidity and mortality. An effective improvement in mother’s self efficacy and understanding on breast feeding will be useful in meeting the nutritional goals of the child. Aim of study was to assess the knowledge, perception and practice among the mothers on breast feeding and the factors influencing their practice and to determine probable association of ideal infant weight with exclusive breast feeding. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study among 390 mothers attending the Immunization Clinic of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. They were assessed if they breast fed infant by following the ideal positioning and proper attachment to breast and for their knowledge, perception and practices of breast feeding. Analysis was done using STATA-17. Results: Good knowledge, perception and practice of breast feeding was present among 88.2%, 83.5% and 69.8% mothers, respectively. Association between ideal weight of baby and proper breast feeding technique was found. Knowledge was more positively related to practice, than to perception. Conclusions: Children who have been exclusively breast fed, had the right weight for age. Mother and other family members must be aware of proper technique, adequacy and frequency of breast feeding for the best nourishment of the newborn.

Association of Postpartum Depression with Social Support: A Cross-Sectional Study in A Hospital Setting of Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan

In Pakistan, the association of factors related to depression needs to be explored a little more because here when a woman discusses or shares her problems, her concerns are dismissed and turned down, the same reason women don’t express their feelings and seek help. Objective: To determine the association between postpartum depression and social support among women presenting at a hospital in Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 310 women presenting to the obstetrics and gynaecology OPD, vaccination center and psychiatric OPD of Tertiary Care Hospital within postpartum phase. Participants were recruited via convenience sampling. The Structured questionnaire included demographics and gynaecological history. Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS) was used to classify patients at risk of postnatal depression. Social support was scored on multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Data analysis included descriptive statistics such as frequency &amp; percentages and inferential statistics consisted of Pearson Chi-Square, independent samples t-test and Multiple Linear Regression. Statistical analysis done using IBM SPSS version-26. Results: The results indicated that the social support from significant other and family members is significantly associated with the development of postpartum depression (p-value &lt;0.05). Furthermore, age of the mother, type of delivery, baby feeding habits, and history of being unwell during pregnancy did not present to have significant association with the development of postpartum depression. Conclusions: The findings of the study conclude that the development of postpartum depression is most importantly affected by lack of support from the family and husband after childbirth

Suitability and Potential Nutrient Contribution of Underutilized Foods in Community-Based Infant Foods in Northern Ghana.

In rural Ghana, infant feeding is largely home-based or community-based yet less is known about the kinds of community-based infant foods and the ability of families to create a range of recipes for baby feeding using context-specific ingredients particularly in northern Ghana which has a high prevalence of malnutrition. In this explorative study on mothers (15-49 years; n = 46), we investigated community-based infant foods' food group composition, enrichment, nutrient contribution, and acceptability. The identified community-based infant foods were mainly made of either corn or millet porridges in northern Ghana and had three nutrients with % RNI ≥ 70. We developed 38 recipes of enriched community-based infant foods adding underutilized foods (orange-fleshed sweet potato, pawpaw, cowpea, moringa, groundnut, Bambara beans, and soya beans) to increase the number of nutrients from three to at least five and at most nine nutrients with % RNI ≥ 70 based on the recipe combinations. The enriched community-based infant food recipes provided adequate caloric amounts and modest improvements in micronutrient content for infants (6-12 months). All recipes tested were deemed appropriate and acceptable for infants by mothers. Moringa and pawpaw emerged as the lowest-cost ingredients to add among the underutilized foods. Future research is necessary to assess the effectiveness of the new recipes at promoting linear growth and improving micronutrient status during the complementary feeding period.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO EARLY INTRODUCTION OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING : META ANALYSIS STUDY IN INDONESIA

More than 40% of mothers in the world, including Indonesia, have given food other than breast milk when the baby is less than six months old. Various factors can lead to early complementary feeding in Indonesia. The novelty of this research is because it examines about factors associated with early complementary feeding in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with early complementary feeding in Indonesia. This study used a quantitative design and meta-analytical analysis technique. Articles were included in this study, which were searched using Google Scholar, Garuda Portal, and ISJD databases. A total of 1,157 identification articles, with keywords ((early complementary feeding, complementary feeding administration in infants aged 0-6 months, early breastfeeding or prelacteal feeding) and (factors or factors related to, risk factors, knowledge) mother or education level, family support, support health workers, promotion of complementary feeding products, baby porridge, baby biscuits, formula or culture) and (cross sectional or case control) and (region in Indonesia)). The search was performed using the Indonesian language. Fifteen articles were systematically reviewed and included in this meta-analysis. There is no significant relationship between maternal education level, family support, support from health workers and culture with early complementary feeding in Indonesia. Mothers’ low knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding is one of the factors contributing to early complementary feeding in Indonesia. Conclusion is Mother which low knowledge is at risk 2.63 times to have early introduction of complementary feeding for baby (95% Cl; 1.14-6.09).

The Experience of Mother in Breastfeeding and Weaning Practice for Baby Under Two Years Old: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

The experience of Mother in the form of knowledge and skills influences mothers in the practice of feeding their children, both breastfeeding and complementary food as well as weaning practices in baby under two years old. This qualitative descriptive study aims to explore the experiences of mothers in the practice of breastfeeding, complementary food and weaning of baby under two years old. Data was collected from April to June 2022 in Sungai Ana Village and Baning Kota Village, Sintang District. In this study, a sample of ten mothers was conducted in-depth interviews. The results of the interviews were analyzed using the content analysis method. There were 4 themes, namely: 1) Combination of Traditional, Belief, and Modern, 2) Mother: "Breastfeeding Warrior", 3) Mother's Dilemma, and 4) Stages of Feeding Baby. Families, especially mothers have an important role in fulfilling nutrition in baby under two years old. The health professionals should assess the family regarding feeding and weaning practices. Furthermore, the health professionals need to provide information to parents in the form of re-education and training on how to feed children to increase knowledge and develop competence in the quality of feeding and weaning practices in baby under two years old.

Factors associated with postpartum depression symptoms among postpartum women in five countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine factors associated with postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among postpartum women in five countries, a subject that has not been investigated thus far.MethodsA multi-country, cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 3,523 postpartum women in Brazil, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United Kingdom, from July to November 2021. Sociodemographic and obstetric data, food insecurity, COVID-19 positive status, COVID-19 vaccination, infant feeding, breastfeeding belief score, and social support were investigated. PPD and social support were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Maternal Social Support Scale, respectively. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and t-tests were used to identify associations with PPD symptoms. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify explanatory factors associated with PPD and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsWomen in Taiwan (AOR = 0.5; 95%CI 0.34, 0.73) and Thailand (AOR = 0.68; 95%CI 0.46, 0.99) had a lower risk of PPD symptoms than those in Brazil. In addition, women with planned pregnancies had a lower risk of PPD (AOR = 0.74; 95%CI 0.60, 0.91). Younger women (AOR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.05, 2.51), health problems during pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum (AOR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.42, 2.06), and no change or worse food insecurity during COVID-19 (AOR = 1.66; 95%CI 1.21, 1.27 for no change and AOR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.27, 1.23, respectively) presented a higher likelihood of having PPD. Feeding babies with expressed human milk (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI 1.03, 1.50) and/or complementary food (AOR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.17, 1.94) were associated with PPD symptoms. Women who received low (AOR = 7.74; 95%CI 5.43, 11.03) or medium support (AOR = 3.25; 95%CI 2.71, 3.88) had higher likelihoods of PPD.ConclusionPPD symptoms during the pandemic were high in young women, particularly Brazilian women, with health problems in the puerperal pregnancy cycle who fed their babies expressed breast milk and/or complementary food. Low social support also impacted PPD symptoms. This study highlights the need for the professional screening for PPD and provision of virtual or personal support.

Factors that affect feeding infants with HIV mothers

HIV is a virus that damages the immune system and weakens the body's ability to fight infections and diseases, HIV mothers have a very important role in baby growth and development, one way to improve the degree of health of the baby is by breastfeeding the babies. Breastfeeding a baby with HIV mothers can be done if the mother has received ARV therapy, but until now feeding by HIV mothers is still controversial. Purpose: to examine the factors that affect feeding babies with HIV mothers. Method: the method used is scoping review. Scoping reviews are used to surface literature and to obtain information about research activities related to the topic under study and identify problems in the research area to be studied, create a framework by identifying research questions through P EO, and identify relevant learning through Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct, selecting study articles with the Prisma Flow Chart, mapping charting data and drawing the flow of article search, compiling, summarizing and reporting results and discussions using qualitative methods,,,

`Tis the season

It was one of those busy days in the Children's Emergency Department (ED) in December. Concerns about Group A streptococcal infections resulted in sore throats and scarlet fever being referred to ED. There was a general air of heightened anxiety among clinicians and parents. The children were happy go lucky clients. They would come in febrile and clingy. Following a dose of antipyretics and Peppa Pig, they were pleased as punch and would go home clutching presents, compliments of the season. Lurking quietly among the many febrile children would be that one child with sepsis. One had to be watchful. Amidst all this, an innocuous looking 3-week-old arrived with a history of intermittent vomiting since birth and generalised rash. He was seen by the registrar, a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux and cows milk protein allergy was made. The consultant reviewed the baby with the registrar. The baby's father (about 6 ft 5 in. tall) was holding a tiny incredibly alert baby with a large towel under his neck. The consultant had a fondness for babies. A quick cuddle always warms the heart especially in a busy ED setting. History was revisited again with the baby in her arms. The baby took in the proceedings with interest staring keenly at her with piercing blue eyes. He was born at term, the second child in the family. He had intermittent, small volume, non-projectile vomiting since birth. Abdominal examination was unremarkable. Hydrolysed formula and reflux medications were prescribed. The father then gave the baby a bottle. He had a small vomit, then animatedly gulped the feed, this was not quite the behaviour of a baby with reflux. The consultant watched this curious behaviour and requested a blood gas. ED became busy with an influx of febrile children, the consultant and the registrar were pulled away in different directions. An hour later, having received medications the father prepared to go home, the baby was now peacefully sleeping in his arms. He was requested to wait as the blood gas was not done as yet. The blood gas as it turned out showed hypochloremic, hypokalaemic, metabolic alkalosis suggestive of pyloric stenosis, later confirmed by ultrasound. The consultant went back to the father, apologised and explained the new plan. Father took it stoically, but expressed puzzlement. He explained that he had been feeling the baby's belly and there was no lump. Father then whipped up his shirt and showed a little scar around his umbilicus. It turned out that he had been operated for pyloric stenosis and was instructed by his mother to monitor the baby post-feed. The baby too had surgery and went home in time for Christmas. Pyloric stenosis is usually seen in infants aged 3 weeks to 3 months and can be mistaken for other conditions.1 Pyloric stenosis can run in families and a family history is a risk factor, besides this child being first born and male. The infant will usually have a period of normal feeding for the first weeks of life. However, this baby had intermittent vomiting since birth, vomiting was not forceful and the classic findings of mass abdomen and weight loss were not present. Observation in ED is as important as history and examination. The baby's feeding was the clue: there was no irritability during feeds and the voracious appetite in an alert baby was unusual. And therein lies the magic of paediatrics, there will always be the one, among many febrile children, who will come in to teach us a lesson.

Comparative Analysis of Oligosaccharides in Breast Milk and Feces of Breast-Fed Infants by Using LC-QE-HF-MS: A Communication.

Currently, it must be acknowledged that little is known about the quantity and make-up of oligosaccharides (OS) found in breast-fed babies' feces as well as their metabolic fate. In the present work, UPLC-QE-HF-MS was successfully adopted to identify the profiles of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in the breast milk of four mothers and fecal OS in the feces of their breast-fed infant. There were significant variations and differences in both number and composition between HMOs and fecal OS. The early-life gastrointestinal microbiota metabolism may be triggered into the advanced breakdown, synthesis, bioconversion, or redesign of HMOs. The fate of HMOs during passage through the gastrointestinal tract may be profoundly informed by the comparison of OS between breast milk and fecal OS profiles. The characterization of fecal OS could be applied as a valuable tool for monitoring the gastrointestinal fate of HMOs and reflecting infant development at different stages of lactation. Further research on the gastrointestinal bioconversion of HMOs profiles is required, including secretor type and the lactation time of milk, as well as baby feeding.

Effectiveness of Breast Crawl on Initiation of Breastfeeding among Newborn and Mother’s Self Satisfaction in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kochi

Introduction: Breast milk is a divine gift for a baby and breast feeding is the nature’s best way to nurture the newborn. Immediately after the delivery breast feeding encourages the bonding of the mother to her baby. The International Organizations like WHO, UNICEF and WABA recommend that breast feeding should be initiated in the first hour of birth. One of the methods for early initiation of breast feeding was breast crawl. Breast crawl is the natural instinctive behaviour of the newborn and everything in breast crawl is perfectly designed by nature. The present study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of breast crawl technique on initiation of breast feeding among newborns and mothers self-satisfaction in a tertiary care hospital, Kochi. Objectives: The study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of breast crawl on initiation of breast feeding among newborns, compare the time of initiation of breast feeding among newborns in two groups and assess the self-satisfaction of mothers in experimental group. Materials and Methods: A quasi experimental study, with Post-Test only Control group design and quantitative approach conducted in labour room of AIMS, Kochi among 60 full term newborns and born through normal vaginal delivery and selected by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Among the 60 newborns, 30 were allocated to both experimental and control group. The breast crawl technique proposed by UNICEF IN 2018 was performed to experimental group and assessed the initiation of breast feeding by LATCH breast feeding assessment tool. Routine hospital care and health education regarding importance of breast feeding was given to the control group. Results: The mean LATCH breast feeding score was 8.87±0.681 in experimental group and 6.50±0.861 in control group which was found to be significant at p˂0.001. About the time duration for initiation of breastfeeding among the two groups, the mean score was 34.57±5.5 in experimental group and 75.23±4.6 minutes in control group which was found to be significant with p˂0.001. Among the mothers in the experimental group, 57% were highly satisfied, 43% were moderately satisfied and none of the mothers had less satisfaction. Conclusion: Breast crawl technique was found to be effective in breast feeding initiation among the newborn and increased maternal satisfaction among experimental group and expressed that breast crawl was totally a new experience and will suggest it to others. Clinical Significance: Based on the study findings, breast crawl technique can be implemented and practiced in clinical settings for initiation of breast feeding among newborns.

Breastfeeding practices in nursing mothers during COVID-19 pandemic: Dual center study in Karachi, Pakistan.

To identify the breastfeeding practices in nursing mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pediatrics and Gynecology & Obstetrics departments at two of the tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan from September 2020 to February 2021. Recently delivered mothers and mothers of children till two years of age on breastfeeding/formula feed were consecutively enrolled. Of 484 participants, breastfeeding was practiced by 180 (37.2%) participants, formula-fed by 85 (17.6%), and mix feed by 219 (45.2%) participants. Out of 185 mothers who had to breastfeed previous babies, 80.2% of mothers still opted to breastfeed their newborns despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Breastfeeding practices exhibited higher incidence in illiterate mothers (aOR 0.229 95% CI 0.05-0.95, p- 0.042), housewives (aOR 0.35 95% CI 0.13-0.95 p-0.040) and shorter length of stay (aOR 0.290 95% CI 0.15-0.57, p- 0.001) while formula /mixed feeding was found higher in mothers with exposure to formula feeding in previous babies (aOR 17.842, 95% CI 8.33-38.19, p- 0.001) and mothers with pain after delivery (aOR 4.526, 95% CI 2.11-9.71, p-<0.001). Mothers who had to breastfeed their babies in a previous pregnancy, who were less educated, and housewives with a shorter stay in hospital have shown a stronger association with breastfeeding whereas mothers who had previous exposure to formula milk and pain after delivery have shown association to formula feed or mixed feed.

Konsep Religiusitas Masyarakat Adat Musi - Talaud

The many sects of belief grow and develop in Indonesia, making some people think that these beliefs are a deviant group. One of the beliefs that live in Indonesia is the Musi Indigenous belief in the Talaud Islands. This study aims to provide a clear and comprehensive picture of the concept of religiosity of the Adat Musi adherents in the Talaud Islands. This research is important because with a clear picture, it is hoped that negative views about the religion of the archipelago or the flow of belief in God Almighty will decrease. This research is a social research with constructivism paradigm and descriptive qualitative approach. The method of data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews. The concept of the religiosity of the Adat Musi can be seen from the teachings of the Adat Musi, the acceptance of revelation by Bawangin Panahal, the rituals of worship, and various kinds of rituals performed by its adherents, starting from the ritual of feeding babies (baptism), marriage rituals, and death rituals. In addition, the ritual of farming and the establishment of houses for the adherents is also an important ritual for the adherents of the Adat Musi. The most emphasized by Adat Musi is the farming ritual which consists of several stages, namely Mallintukku Harele, Mallintukku Wuallannna, and Umanna Amme Wakku.

Значение ненутритивного сосания в становлении энтерального вскармливания недоношенного ребенка

Значение ненутритивного сосания в становлении энтерального вскармливания недоношенного ребенка

Determinants of Breastfeeding Practices among Working Mothers in Solwezi District of Zambia

Background: As one of the strategies to reduce infant morbidity and mortality, the World Health Organization recommends early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding and timely introduction of complementary feeding with continued breastfeeding for up to two years or beyond. Although breastfeeding is a natural process, it is influenced by different socio-cultural factors, habits, standards, and behaviours. Rapid industrialization and changes in lifestyle have seen increasing numbers of women in the labour force, and associated poor Exclusive Breastfeeding practices among working mothers. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of breastfeeding practices among working mothers in Solwezi District of Zambia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative survey comparing determinants of breastfeeding practices among working mothers aged 15 - 49 years in urban and rural areas of Solwezi District. The study was carried out in the Under-five Clinics at Solwezi, Kimasala and Mushitala Urban Clinics, as well as St. Francis, Kapijimpanga and Kisalala Rural Health Centers. Eighty-seven participants were successfully recruited using convenience sampling. A researcher-assisted questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 27.0. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using numerical measures such as measures of central tendency and dispersion. The Pearson Chi Square test, correlation and linear regression analysis were performed to test association between the variables at the 0.05 level of significance. Are you assessing exclusive breastfeeding alone or what? Results: The mean age of respondents was 27.44 years (SD = 6.042 years) and the majority of the respondents were married (71.3%, n = 62). Forty-three percent of the respondents were self-employed while the rest were in formal government or private sector employment. Overall, 97.7% of the respondents had heard of exclusive breastfeeding, with health facilities being the most frequent source of information (64.4%). Attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding was generally positive. Fifty-eight percent of respondents exclusively breastfed while the rest were on mixed feeding. Seventy-one percent of respondents reported that their workplaces did not have breastfeeding facilities at work. Only 11.5% of the respondents reported having cultural beliefs restricting breastfeeding. Statistically significant associations were obtained from cross-tabulation analysis between respondent’s occupation and baby feeding type (p 0.001); workload and feeding type (0.024); as well as knowledge of EBF and feeding type (p 0.001). Conclusion: Majority of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding. This study recommends sensitization campaigns in communities to raise awareness about the importance of breastfeeding, and foster behaviour change that promotes breastfeeding.

Factors Affecting Mothers in Feeding Complementary Feeding for Babies Aged 0-6 Months at Saribudolok Public Health Center

Coverage of exclusive breast milk (ASI) in the working area of the Saribudolok health center is still low, as a result of early complementary feeding (MP ASI) under the age of 6 months. Giving solid foods in this period before the baby's digestive system is ready to accept them, then these foods cannot be digested properly and can cause indigestion, gas, and constipation. Early complementary breastfeeding is closely related to the decisions made by a mother. Data on Indonesia's health profile in 2004 shows that exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still low, namely 41.7%. This research is an analytic descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months in the working area of the Saribudolok Health Center who were selected by simple random sampling by taking a sample of 30 respondents. The results showed a bivariate analysis of 30 respondents who had babies aged 0-6 months, which influenced mothers in providing complementary food for breastfeeding, namely education and family support, namely p-value 0.000x 0.5, while that did not affect age, occupation, socio-economic. So that everyone around the mother can provide support to the mother to improve the mother's perception regarding her milk production.