Feed Prices Research Articles

Small ruminant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District, Jordan

This study aims to assess the small ruminant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District, Jordan, to identify the potential intervention areas that could improve the production efficiency and guarantee the sustainability of the small ruminant sector in this area. Sheep breeding is the source of livelihood for most of the people in Al-Ruwaished District, which is characterized by the large number of sheep and goats. We surveyed 5.0% of the small ruminant holders in the study area and conducted individual interviews and surveys with the potential actors in the value chain to undertake a small ruminant value chain analysis. From the survey, we found that the small ruminant value chain consists of five core functions, namely, input supply, production management, marketing, processing, and consumption. Despite the large number of holdings that gives an impression of the stability to the small ruminant sector, the surveyed results show a clear fragility in the value chain of small ruminants in this area. The small ruminant production system is negatively impacted by climate change, especially continuous drought. In addition, the high prices of feed that the farmer cannot afford with clear and real absence of the governmental and non-governmental support activities also impact the development of the value chain. The results of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis reveal that the major constraints faced by this value chain could be divided into external and internal threats. Specifically, the most prominent external threats are the nature of the desert land and continuous drought, while the major internal threats are the absence of appropriate infrastructure, shortage of inputs, and weakness in the production management and marketing. We proposed solutions to these challenges to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the sector, such as the formulation of emergency response plans to severe weather, qualifying farmers’ skills, and establishment of agricultural cooperative societies.

TEKNOLOGI BIOFLOK (BFT) SEBAGAI TEROBOSAN USAHA PENDEDERAN IKAN GABUS (Channa striata Bloch, 1793)

Environmental issues related to aquaculture have recently surfaced, especially related to the use of natural resources such as water and land use including the price of feed which is increasingly expensive, biofloc technology is able to answer these problems by using less water, land, and commercial feed compared to conventional methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and take strategic steps to utilize biofloc technology in the snakehead fry nursery business. Data and information were collected through interviews using questionnaires prepared using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach, strength weakness opportunities threat (SWOT) analysis, and business analysis was conducted to determine the potential for business development. This study was conducted using two types of rearing containers: round tarpaulin tubs with a diameter of 3 m and plastic containers. The business of rearing snakehead fry using the biofloc method both in plastic containers and in round tarpaulin tanks in one cycle shows inefficient results (<1). The criteria of yield, cost, growth, feed and water are the criteria used as the basis for assessing the effective and efficient business of snakehead fry rearing with a higher alternative weight of the biofloc method (0,629) when compared to conventional (0,371). Through SWOT analysis, the use of less feed and water is the strength of the biofloc method in the cork fish seed breeding business.

Benefits, perceived and actual risks and barriers to egg consumption in low- and middle-income countries

Eggs like other animal-source foods (ASFs), contain an array of macro and micronutrients that promote physical and cognitive growth, nutrition, and health outcomes. Hence, they can be used to reduce rampant undernutrition in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Yet consumption of eggs remains low in such countries for various reasons. Given their potential as a tool for reducing malnutrition, this paper reviews the literature on the benefits, risks, and barriers to egg consumption in LMICs. Research indicates that egg consumption is associated with several nutritional and health benefits in newborns, young children, and pregnant and lactating women, but few studies on other groups exist. Effects of egg consumption on diet-related chronic diseases seem to be inconclusive, and early introduction of eggs to infants has reduced allergy risk of eggs later in life in several studies. Some main barriers to egg consumption in LMIC include unaffordability and unavailability, partly due to low poultry productivity, high poultry feed prices, cultural beliefs, and social taboos, many of which disproportionately restrict egg consumption among children and pregnant women. The evidence supports egg intake as a mechanism for meeting nutrient recommendations and a healthy diet in LMIC.

Broiler Chicken Livestock Business Development Strategy in South Lampung Regency

This study aims to to analyze the internal environment, analyze the external environment and, develop strategies for developing broiler chicken enlargement businesses. The data used is primary data for 2022 with a quantitative descriptive type of research. The method used the SWOT and QSPM analysis. This reaserch used primary and secondary datas. Primary data was used to answer questionnaire strategi development obtained by interview technique questionnaire. The results of the analysis show that the strategy for developing a broiler rearing livestock business is the utilization of a business location with a internally has the main strength in the form of the type of cage used and the main weakness in the form of the use of modern technology that has not been maximized. Externally, the main opportunity is in the form of established partnerships and the main threat is in the form of fluctuations in feed prices. Priority strategies that can be used for the development of Seandan Farm broiler rearing farms are:Utilization of business locations with a modern cage system to meet the high market demand for broiler chickens, utilization of raw material supplies from a partnership pattern that is established to meet the high consumption of broiler chickens, increasing the knowledge and skills of breeders through the use of modern technology in the business of raising broiler chickens, strengthening farmer capital through collaboration with other parties to maintain the quality of DOC, and improve the management of broiler housing systems by implementing standard operating procedure in order to tackle the spread of disease outbreaks in broiler chickens.

Trout Production in District Ganderbal – An Analysis of Economic Challenges

The present study carried during the year 2022-23, worked on the impact of the introduction of genetically improved strains of rainbow trout on the economy of the fish farmers, in comparison to the normal strains. The economy of 40 farmers in groups of 20 Normal stock (NS) and Genetically Improved Stock (GIS) each was conducted and interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. The investigation showed that fixed capital investment on sample farm was Rs.1.25 lakh per raceway in both the set ups. The major share of investment was for the construction of raceway, which accounted for 68.53% of total investment on sample farms. The share of total variable cost was 58.37% in NS and 48.50 in GIS per cent and fixed cost was 41.62 in NS and 51.49 in GIS group. Feed was the major cost component accounting for about 46.43 per cent of the total cost in NS, while as it was reduced to 37.15% in GIS, thereby encouraging as a key factor in deciding profitability of trout farming. Resource use efficiency showed that feed was overutilized while labor was under-utilized in NS, while as it was optimally utilized in GIS group. The returns to scale in trout production of 1.25 indicates increasing returns to scale in trout production. High price of feed and seed are found to be the major constraints in trout culture. The B-C ratio worked out to be 1.37 in NS group and 1.87 in GIS group, indicating the economic feasibility of trout farming in the Kashmir valley, and better economic profile of farmers farming GIS strain.

Physical and Chemical Quality of Fresh Maggots Cultivated with Special Application of The Media Used

The high price of protein feed for livestock makes maggots potential as an alternative protein feed. The first stage in this research was maggot maintenance and maggot harvesting on the 15th day of maintenance. Next, measurements of the physical and chemical quality of fresh maggot were carried out. Parameters for measuring the physical quality of fresh maggot consist of harvest weight, individual weight, individual length and color. The parameters for measuring the chemical quality of fresh maggot consist of water content, ash, crude fat, crude fiber and crude protein. Data analysis was carried out using the Independent Sample T-test. The results showed that the maggot that was cultivated with the special media used had an average harvest weight of 1.24 kg, while the maggot that was cultivated without the special media used had an average harvest weight of 0.72 kg. The maggot that was cultivated with the special treatment of the media used contained 31.5% protein, while the maggot that was cultivated without the special treatment of the media used contained 32.9% protein. The conclusion of this study is that maggot that is cultivated with the special treatment of the media used produces maggot with superior physical quality compared to maggot that is cultivated without the special treatment of the media used.

Study on Influencing Factors of Egg Price Fluctuation

In recent years, due to the joint impact of food safety incidents, egg disease and price fluctuations of related substitutes, the market price of eggs, especially eggs, has fluctuated for many times, which not only affects residents' food consumption and income of egg farmers, but also affects the healthy development of egg industry. This paper selected the monthly panel data from 2014 to 2020 to study the influencing factors of egg price fluctuation. The results showed that chicken price and feed price had significant effect on the fluctuation of egg price, and the price of compound feed had the greatest effect on it. In addition, the increase of pork price would not necessarily lead to the rise of egg price. Meanwhile, the consumer price index had no significant impact on the price of eggs, and the increase of residents income level would significantly promote the price of egg. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the external and internal laws of egg price fluctuation and explore the mechanism of stabilizing egg price for the healthy development of poultry and egg industry and national economy.

Supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris meal in diet for growth performance of striped catfish juvenile Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

The culture of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is overgrowing and facing the problem of relatively high feed prices. The feed prices affect feed grade; the cheaper the feed price, the lower the quality. This low feed quality may improve its quality by supplementing Chlorella vulgaris. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of supplementation of C. vulgaris meal in the feed that produces the best growth performance in striped catfish juveniles. A completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications was used in this experiment. The treatments were various levels of C. vulgaris, namely 0%, 1.5%, and 3%. C. vulgaris meal was added to the commercial feed (26-28% protein) according to the treatment with the coating method. The test feed was fed to striped catfish juveniles (6.66 ± 0.04 g in average weight) reared in an aquarium containing 55 L of water at a density of 20 juveniles, at satiation in the morning, afternoon, and evening for 50 days of the rearing period. Survival rate and hepatosomatic indices of the striped catfish were not affected by various supplementation levels of C. vulgaris meal (P>0.05), but the values of feed consumption, specific growth rate, feed conversion, and protein efficiency ratio of the striped catfish (P<0.05). Supplementation of 3.5% C. vulgaris meal in feed resulted in the best growth performance for striped catfish.

Conversion of Vacuum Residue from Refinery Waste to Cleaner Fuel: Technical and Economic Assessment

Environmental concerns surrounding the use of high-sulfur fuel oil (HFO), a marine fuel derived from refinery vacuum residue, motivate the exploration of alternative solutions. Burning high-sulfur fuel oil (HFO) is a major source of air pollution, acid rain, ocean acidification, and climate change. When HFO is burned, it releases sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the air, a harmful gas that can cause respiratory problems, heart disease, and cancer. SO2 emissions can also contribute to acid rain, which can damage forests and lakes. Several countries and international organizations have taken steps to reduce HFO emissions from ships. For example, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has implemented a global sulfur cap for marine fuels, which limits the sulfur content of fuel to 0.5% by mass. In addition, there is a worldwide effort to encourage the use of low-carbon gases to help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There are several alternative fuels that can be used in ships instead of HFO, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, and hydrogen. These fuels are cleaner and more environmentally friendly than HFO. The aim of this study is to develop a process integration framework to co-produce methanol and hydrogen from vacuum residue while minimizing the sulfur and carbon emissions. Two process models have been developed in this study to produce methanol and hydrogen from vacuum residue. In case 1, vacuum residue is gasified using oxygen—steam and the syngas leaving the gasifier is processed to produce both methanol and hydrogen. Case 2 shares the same process model as case 1 except it is concentrated on mainly methanol production from vacuum residue. Both models are techno-economically compared in terms of methanol and H2 production rates, specific energy requirements, carbon conversion, CO2 specific emissions, overall process efficiencies, and project feasibility while considering the fluctuation of vacuum residue feed price from 0.022 $/kg to 0.11 $/kg. The comparative analysis showed that case 2 offers an 86.01% lower specific energy requirement (GJ) for each kilogram (kg) of fuel produced. The CO2 specific emission also decreased in case 2 by 69.76% compared to case 1. In addition, the calculated total net fuel production cost is 0.453 $/kg and 0.223 $/kg at 0.066 $/kg for case 1 and 2, respectively. Overall, case 2 exhibits better project feasibility compared to case 1 with higher process performance and lower production costs.

Financial and Non-Financial Feasibility Analysis Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with Different Technology in Purworejo, East Lampung

This research aims to analyze the financial and non-financial feasibility of vaname shrimp cultivation using three different cultivation technologies, namely simple, semi-intensive and intensive in Purworejo, Pasir Sakti Lampung, East Lampung. This research is a survey with a total of 13 respondents. The research results showed that the BEP volume for each technology was 151.94 kg, 4,825.55 kg and 5,755.12 kg. BEP prices for each technology are IDR38,491.07, IDR47,939.79 and IDR69,398.88. B/C ratio for each technology is 1.97, 2.49 and 2.39. The payback period for each technology is 2.29 years, 0.55 years and 0.66 years. The IRR for each technology is 69%, 58% and 50%. Thus, cultivating vaname shrimp using semi-intensive and intensive technology is very feasible to develop, while simple technology is quite feasible to develop. Sensitivity analysis of a 10% increase in feed prices has a sensitive impact on semi-intensive and intensive technology shrimp cultivation. The non-financial feasibility analysis of three cultivation technologies includes market, technical, technological, legal and socio-economic environmental aspects of implementation in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 75/PERMEN-KP/2016 concerning General Guidelines for Raising Tiger Prawns and Vaname Shrimp, so that it can be declared worthy to continue.

Technical Guidance for The Manufacturing Of Floating Feeds at Pokdakan Papuyu Sakti Karang Intan, Banjar District

Feed is the main need, which accounts for 60-70% of the total aquaculture production costs. In general, fish farming groups (Pokdakan) depend on artificial feed. High feed prices are not balanced with the selling price of fish. This is because Pokdakan does not yet understand floating feed and the operational techniques of floating feed machines. This is a problem encountered, including in Pokdakan Papuyu Sakti. So that Pokdakan Papuyu Sakti members can increase production, feed quality and the sustainability of the use of floating feed, technical guidance is needed. The aim is to increase the ability to provide quality floating feed that is sufficient for cultivation activities. The scope of solutions offered is counseling, demonstration of machine use, and making floating feed. The partners' level of knowledge and skills were evaluated based on the Guttman Scale. The evaluation results show that the introduction of machines and the manufacture of floating feed have been successfully implemented, there has been an increase in knowledge understanding > 75% or an increase of seven times from the start of the activity. The skills of Pokdakan members in carrying out the practice of making floating food increased four times.

Assessment of the Livelihood Status of the Carp Fish Farmers in Two Unions of Puthia Upazila Under Rajshahi District, Bangladesh

Nowadays, carp culture has become an important sector in terms of nutrition supply, income generation, and increasing scope of employment in Bangladesh. The present survey was conducted to evaluate the livelihood condition of the carp fish farmers in the Shilmaria and Valukgasi unions of Puthia upazila under the Rajshahi district. The survey was done for a period of 6 months from January to June 2023. All the necessary data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Sixty farmers were included in this study. Thirty farmers were taken from the Shilmaria union and another thirty farmers were taken from the Valukgasi union. All of them were involved in carp fish farming. The average pond size of the study area was 0.35 ha. The ponds are belonging to both single (23%) and multiple ownership (77%). The majority of the carp farmers were under the age group of 41 to 50 years and had a level of education up to primary (23%). Most of the farmers were Muslims (98%) and few of them were Hindus (2%). The annual incomes of the majority of carp farmers (30%) were above Tk. 1,00,000. Sixty-seven percent of the carp farmers used semi-pucca sanitary, 22% used pucca sanitary, and 12% used kacha sanitary. Among the sample farmers, about 32% had half-building house while 14%, 11%, and 3% of the farmers had tin shed, building, and kacha house (made of mud and straw) respectively. Ninety-eight percent of the carp fish farmers availed of electricity facilities and 2% of them did not have. Most of the carp farmers (92%) used their tube well, while a few numbers of them (8%) used a neighbor's tube well for drinking water. About 60% of the carp farmers took health services from village doctors, 22% went to the upazila health complex, 8% went to the district hospital and 10% had access to the MBBS doctors in private clinics. The major constraints were the lack of scientific knowledge, the high price of fish feed, and a lack of capital for carp fish culture. So, the livelihood status of the carp fish farmer can be increased through proper training on carp fish culture and providing additional Government and Non-Government support.

Do increases in gasoline prices cause higher food prices?

This paper studies the effect of gasoline price shocks on food prices. We use data on the prices of aggregate and disaggregate food products to estimate a partially identified structural vector autoregressive model using Bayesian methods. We found that a positive gasoline price shock leads to a significant increase in the aggregate food price along with the prices of disaggregated retail food items. Furthermore, we found that higher gasoline prices trigger a significant increase in the price of fertilizers and animal feed leading to an increase in the cost of producing food products. Our results, however, suggest that higher gasoline prices do not significantly increase the food marketing cost. Finally, we conduct a historical counterfactual analysis and find that higher gasoline prices contributed to the increase in the aggregate food price as well as the prices of cereals and dairy products during the 2005–2007 period and following the onset of the Russia–Ukraine conflict.

Pemanfaatan Maggot Sebagai Pakan Lele Dan Pengolah Limbah Sampah Organik

Bukit Payung Village is a village in Bangkinang District, Kampar Regency which was formed in 1986 from the Trans SP 3 SKP A Bangkinang program from the Transmigration Department of Kampar Regency. The Bukit Payung Village Youth Organization has become a catfish farming business. Feed costs are the largest component in catfish farming activities. Commercial feed produced by factories has guaranteed quality and quantity, but the problem is that the price of feed produced by factories is getting more expensive day by day, so alternative feeds are needed to reduce costs. One alternative fish food is maggot or Hermetia illucens. Maggots are organisms that originate from black soldier eggs which are known as rotting organisms because of their habit of consuming organic materials. Maggots consume organic materials to grow and reproduce, this makes maggots one of the natural organic waste processors.

Determining the variables affecting the prices of animal products by the network analysis in Türkiye

Recently, Türkiye has seen significant increases in animal products and input prices. These recent increases in prices have made it even more important to examine the prices of animal products and their associated factors. This study aimed to reveal the pattern network structure and characteristics of the prices of animal products and related variables for the 2010-2020 period in Türkiye. For this aim, a network analysis covered the prices of animal products, input prices used in producing these foods, and some economic variables. The study results revealed that Producer Price Index (PPI) and Agricultural PPI are key variables that are highly active in the network and act as a bridge between other unconnected variables. In addition, the results of the analysis suggest that the overall network consists of highly correlated variables and that the PPI and Agricultural PPI are the two most important variables. As a result, the pattern network structure shows that economic variables have a high impact on the prices of animal products. The network structure visualizes Türkiye's import-substitution model in animal production and foreign dependency on feed inputs, and the market structure affected by high exchange rates. In addition, as can be understood from the positive connections between feed inputs, the pattern network of the variables affecting the prices of animal products is largely shaped by feed prices and the internal dynamics of economic variables.

IPTEK BAGI MASYARAKAT MESIN PENCETAK PELET UNTUK PAKAN TERNAK AYAM DAN LELE

The need for feed is very important for breeder, especially for chicken and catfish breeders in Indonesia with rapid development, for example breeders in Bangka Belitung to be precise in Sempan village. The high price of feed makes breeders process their own feed simply. In processing, breeders mice and mix the raw materials manually by hand and then ferment then overnight. From these problems, breeders need a machine that can refine feed raw material into one form of feed that is easily digested for livestock, such as pellets. Currently the processing of feed in the form of pellets can be used as an option. Therefore , a design and manufacture of a pellet molding machine was made for chicken and catfish feed with capacity of 10 kg/hour. The design method used in completing this final project is Verein Deutsche Ingineuer (VDI 2222) where this method is planned so that the actions taken are more directed and achieve the expected targets. Based on results of this design, a pellet molding machine design for chicken and catfish feed was obtained using electric motor with a power of 0.5 HP and rotation speed 1400 rpm with pulley and v-belt transmission and horizontal engine system using a screw as suppressor. From the trial results, the machine was able to print pellets with a diameter of 3 mm and 5 mm with capacity of 10 kg/hour.

Community Empowerment In Producing Catfish Food Using Maggot With Palm Solid Waste Media Efforts Of Post Covid-19 Pandemic Economic Recovery

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused an economic crisis, the price of feed is increasing so that the selling price of catfish no longer matches the price of the feed provided. The focus of community service in the Tanjung Kasau Plantation village is to assist fish farmers in managing and increasing fish farmers' income. The priority objective of this activity is efforts to improve the economy, namely increasing income in terms of production costs, both fish feed, production cost management and training in maggot cultivation by utilizing surrounding waste, namely solid palm oil waste. The implementation method is carried out in 3 stages which involve problems in the fields of production and management. This service activity uses education, training and mentoring methods. Community-Based Empowerment Activities carried out at the Tangkas Mina Jaya Group in Tanjung Kasau Plantation Village ran smoothly, marked by good community participation from the start to the end of the activity. Community-Based Empowerment Activities also provide a positive impact by increasing community knowledge and skills

Assessment and optimization of co-firing power plant in Thailand: Seasonal effects and dust emission concerns

In this work, the industrial-scale co-fired power plant in Thailand was analyzed and the optimization model was proposed to provide a proper fuel selection for the feedstock seasonal planning to minimize the cost of electricity generation. Also, the dust emission model was introduced in this work to investigate the environmental concern of the proposed fuel formula. The seasonal effects including feed price, properties, and availability were also included in the optimization model. The optimum solution reported a set of fuel formulas for each season that is capable of maintaining power production stability and minimizing fuel costs. Although, the global demand for coal was at its peak in the winter season, using biomass (wood chip, wood bark, and fiber) could increase the production to achieve its minimum requirement. The optimization could reduce the cost of electricity (COE) production by up to 14% (in the winter season). Also, the emission model indicated that to increase the steam production rate to meet the requirement in the summer season, a larger amount of mixed fuel consumption rate was needed. This led to an increase in dust emissions in the summer season. However, in the winter season, the result from optimization could decrease dust emissions by up to 50%. In conclusion, increasing biomass utilization is a favorable option in both economic and environmental aspects.

The Effect of Fermentation on Increasing the Physico-Chemical Quality of Fish Feed Based on Food Waste

Fish feed is the crucial aspect of aquaculture activities, 70% of production costs are spent on feed availability. However, the high price of commercial feed causes a decrease in farmers' profits, so a solution is needed to reduce feed costs. Food waste has a good potential to be used as a fish feed material. The fermentation of food waste should improve its quality and ensure that food waste is safe to use as feed material. As a result of various tests of Proximate, FTIR, SEM, and Physical Quality test it has been shown that the fermentation process can significantly improve the nutritional quality of food waste without changing the functional groups and the reduction of the particle size after the fermentation process is also capable to improve the physical quality of feed. We conclude that the fermentation process is the best method of improving the physical and chemical quality of food waste and the addition of fermented food waste meal to feed did not negatively affect the physical quality of feed produced.

Traditional and Non-Traditional Feeds in Poultry Feeding: A review

Quite a few nations have a thriving poultry feed sector. This essay focuses on Feed, which is regarded as the most expensive component of poultry production. Feed processing also raises the price of feed, in addition to the cost of ingredients. The population of the world is projected to rise to 9.1 billion people by the year 2050. Meat and egg consumption from chicken is rising worldwide, primarily in developing nations. As a result, there would be a rise in the demand for poultry feeds worldwide. Due to their significance in improving the general health of birds, additives in poultry feeding are nowadays a need in any product of factories making feedings. Nowadays, especially in emerging nations, the supply of feeds for chicken nutrition is becoming increasingly competitive. The use of alternative feedstuffs to replace soybean and yellow corn in poultry diets and the alternative feedstuffs that can be used in poultry feeds are both being pursued. Additionally, the availability of nutritional content and methods for enhancing the nutritive quality of such nontraditional feedstuffs.