Federal Entities Research Articles

Reflexões sobre o processo de licenciamento ambiental em empreendimentos no Estado de Sergipe

A Lei 6.938/81 foi criada para ser um mecanismo de controle ambiental comum dos entes federativos e que rege a política ambiental do país. O licenciamento ambiental é um dos mecanismos mais importantes, pois é através dele que o Poder Público estabelece condições e limites ao exercício de determinada atividade econômica para que seja minimizada a degradação ambiental. Este trabalho teve como objetivo discutir teoricamente o processo do licenciamento ambiental em empreendimentos no estado de Sergipe pautado na legislação estadual.

As despesas públicas municipais como determinante no desenvolvimento humano

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar se as despesas públicas municipais impactam no desenvolvimento humano dos municípios brasileiros. Verificou-se, nos resultados em geral, que as despesas funcionais em habitação e urbanismo, saúde e saneamento, e transporte impactaram de forma positiva no desenvolvimento humano nas mais diversas dimensões. Já a despesa em educação e cultura impactou de forma negativa. Desse modo, verifica-se, em geral, que as despesas municipais têm pequeno poder explicativo no desenvolvimento humano dos municípios, seja por uma eventual má alocação dos recursos devido a escolhas públicas inadequadas, ou pela necessidade de analisar o impacto dessas despesas junto com as dos demais entes federativos.

The Market of Territorial Strategic Consulting in Russia in 2016-2018: Insider’s Notes

The author describes the trends of the service market aimed at working out the strategies for ocioeconomic development of the federal entities and municipalities of Russia. Information on tenders for state and municipal contracts available in the Unified Procurement Information System has been analyzed. The period of 2016-2018 is characterized in detail: the volume of the market, key players, types of market behavior of participants are determined. The authr shows the segmentation of market from the supply side and from the demand side. The tendencies of domination and strengthening of monopolization from the largest state universities - RANEPA (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) and Higher School of Economics are revealed. Due to the small size of the market, one large contract can be up to a quarter of the market volume, which accordingly makes its performer a dominant player. It is noted that the tactics of price dumping, as a rule, are unsuccessful. There are indications that most contests are held for a specific winner (a high proportion of “problem-based” contests - with cancellation or change of conditions; presence of companies winning all contests in which they participate, and companies with a high share of victories – over 75 %). The calculated indicators of market competitiveness (the average number of participants in the competition, the share of winners in the total number of participants, the average number of contracts per winner) show a reduction in competition in 2018. The author proposes recommendations on the formation of tender documentation, allowing to neutralize the pressure of the dominant and unscrupulous players, while maintaining quality control of bids.

La relación entre la captación de ingresos fiscales municipales y los recursos derivados de fuentes no tributarias tanto locales como externas en México

Municipal public revenues are classified as tax and non-tax. In this work, the relationship between the income that the municipalities receive through taxes and the rest of the components that integrate the total income is studied to establish to what extent the obtaining of resources whose origin is of non-tax origin affects the generation of local tax revenue. A data panel consisting of 310observations is used for each variable and a multiple regression model with fixed effects is used considering financial information of the 31 municipalities that are capitals of the federal entities in Mexico for the period 2008 - 2017. The results suggest that resources from federal and state transfers have a negative impact on the income levels obtained through municipal taxes. Likewise, the negative localized relationship between the contracting of public debt and the own fiscal resources could suppose a relaxation of the municipal collection policy. Finally, data on other income derived from local sources of non-tax origin such as rights, products and uses show a negative effect on the collection of income from tax collection.

PHYSICIAN AID-IN-DYING: UPDATES FOR GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRISTS: Session 100

At this time, five states (Oregon, Washington, Vermont, Hawaii, and California) and Washington, D.C. have statutes permitting PAD and outlining procedures for this process. One state, Montana, allows PAD under common law. At least thirty-six states have attempted to introduce legislation to legalize PAD. In states with statutes addressing PAD, patients are typically required to make multiple requests, both orally and in writing. They are required to have a terminal illness with a prognosis of six months or less as agreed upon by two physicians. Mental health and/or capacity assessments are typically not mandated unless at least one of the two evaluating physicians suspects a contributory underlying psychiatric illness or incapacitation. All states provide opt-out measures for conscientious objectors or those not wishing to participate. Initial data suggests that patients utilizing PAD are frequently college educated, insured, and engaged in hospice care. Patients requesting PAD are often those with terminal illnesses who are experiencing co-morbid severe pain, discomfort, and deterioration in functional status. Women, African-Americans, and those with cognitive impairments may be more likely to oppose PAD, highlighting the need to maintain protections for vulnerable patients where PAD is permitted. In one survey of physicians who have received requests for PAD (including those practicing in states where PAD has not been legalized), physicians reported a significant amount of co-morbid depression in those requesting PAD. Despite this, no legal requirements for psychiatric and/or capacity assessments exist in any state that has legalized PAD, except for Hawaii. In several European countries, chronic mental illness has been accepted as a terminal diagnosis, which may have significant impact in the United States as PAD is legalized in more states. Finally, as a federal entity, PAD is not permitted at VA facilities, even in states where it has been legalized. This may have major implications for patients and providers within the VA healthcare system.

Heritage reporting by the Australian public sector

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the future development of heritage reporting in Australia. Public sector reporting of heritage has been a long-standing issue, due to shortcomings in (sector-neutral) for-profit-based financial reporting standards. Australia’s sector-neutral approach does not meet public sector users’ information needs. The authors develop a heritage reporting model to balance community and other stakeholders’ interests and address prior critiques. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews heritage reporting requirements in Anglo-Western Countries, and analyses commentaries and research publications. It evaluates the existing reporting requirements in the context of new public management (which focusses on information and efficiency) and new public governance (NPG) (focussing on balancing interests and quality). Findings The paper proposes an NPG-based heritage reporting model which includes indicators of performance on the five UNESCO (1972) dimensions and operational guidelines issued by UNESCO (2015). These are identification, presentation, protection, conservation and transmission. The proposed model is consistent with the notion of US SFFAS 29 (the standard for Federal entities). Not all heritage must be capitalised and hence attachment of monetary value, but detailed disclosures are necessary. Research limitations/implications The authors expect the proposed heritage reporting model to better serve users of heritage information compared to the present Australian Accounting Standards Board 116: Property, Plant and Equipment. Originality/value The authors’ proposed model of heritage reporting attempts to answer Carnegie and Wolnizer’s (1995, 1999) six questions, addresses decades of concerns raised in previous literature and provides a new perspective to heritage reporting based on NPG that should better serve users’ needs.

Особенности разработки программы НАССР на пищеблоках в учреждениях здравоохранения

Tuberculosis remains a widespread social disease, both in Russia and in the Republic of Buryatia. According to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Buryatia, the region ranked 8th according to tuberculosis morbidity in 2017 in the Siberian Federal district. It was preceded by the Republic of Tuva, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo regions, Altai territory, Omsk region, and Krasnoyarsk region. The Republic ranked 18th among all the federal entities of the Russian Federation. Tuberculosis remains one of the top 10 mortality factors in the world. The disease affects various organs, a fairly easy mode of infection, and a long treatment period. Therefore, it requires an intensive medical treatment and a high-calorie diet provided by nutrition departments of medical institutions. The present paper features the experience of nutrition departments of the Republican Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary, i.e. the aspect of food production for a certain population group. The research defines the critical control points of the technological stage of production, taking into account the existing risks and maximum permissible values. The authors developed some elements of the HACCP program in the form of maps and block diagrams of each stage of the technological process. The research results make it possible to create a quality management program based on the principles of HACCP fat nutrition department of the Republican Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary.

Constitutional organization for the formation of the Supreme Federal Court in Iraq and its relationship with the rights of the Territories An analytical study

Constitution Organizing for Establishing Federal Supreme Court in Iraq and Relating to Rights of Regions After the implementation of the federalism in Iraq and the voluntary unification of the components of new Iraq in 2004 and emphasizing on regulating the interim constitution, there was a radical change in all the state institutions. Amidst these changes, the judicial system was not exempt from these alterations, especially in the recognition of the bilateral legal system on regional and federal levels, and the establishment of the Federal Supreme Court, which represents the highest authority in Judicial Foundation on the level of federal justice, in terms of the status and power of its decisions on constitutional issues and problems between federal entities and federal institutions. But due to the passage of this court through three stages of various legislative and regulatory adjustments, and in anticipation of the new legal regulation, several problems related the establishment, composition and implementation of its functions, despite the capacity of regional participation, have become worth noting and questioning its instability, absence of the regulation of the above-mentioned law in the 2005 Interim Constitution, to determine the number of members and how they are employed and the procedures of the Court It is worth mentioning that this research is based on the method of analyzing the constitutional and related legal rules and regulations examines the establishment and constituent of the court and participation of the regions in it, in addition to stating and explaining related issue.

Factorial Analysis as Tool to Predict the Economic Competitiveness of Mexico

In the present research work the essential elements are given to build the Economic Competitiveness Index (ICE) of Mexico in 2015, for which, the technique of factorial analysis of multivariable statistics is used. Of the construction of this indicator, we start with the report presented at the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2016, in which the variables that must be considered to increase the economic competitiveness of the countries captured. With the development of this indicator, it was possible to predict the effects that technological innovation has on the competitiveness of the country. Added to this, it identifies the limitations that each federal entity has in relation to said concept. The development of this factorial model was done through the programming language R.

Парадипломатия регионов Бразилии: полномочия и предметы ведения

The main purpose of this article is the analysis of the main aspects in the sphere of paradiplomacy of the regions of Brazil. The authors identify several levels in the sphere of division of powers and jurisdictions of the regions of Brazil and the federal center. The first level is the competence of the Union and the sphere of the exclusive competence of the Union. The second level is represented by joint and competing competence of the Union and federal entities (the states, the Federal District and municipalities). Exclusive competence of the federal entities can be conditionally included to the third level (and this competence is residual). The authors also give an analysis of paradiplomacy of the four leading Brazilian states; they are Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. An important factor in the development of interregional connections of these states is the creation of the special institutional structure. In addition, paradiplomacy of all the above-mentioned states is developed in accordance with the provisions of federal and regional documents.

Финансовый потенциал субъекта Российской Федерации

Финансовый потенциал субъекта Российской Федерации

Monitoring tools of regional economic security

Ensuring the economic security of the region is one of the key tasks of the management of the federal entity. By ensuring economic security, the priorities of the management of the region are determined, so that the system of economic security should be integrated into the development management system of the socio-economic system of the region and perform an information and analytical function in it, which requires the development and introduction of economic security monitoring tools into the regional development management system. The article formulated an algorithm integration tools for monitoring threats to economic security in the regional economic development of the control system the methodical approach to assessing threats to regional economic security.

Desarrollo humano y desigualdad en México

The Mexican neoliberal model and its policy of sustaining competitiveness in the low cost of labor, has caused an excessive concentration of income in the highest spheres of the Mexican population, in addition to growing poverty in our country; However, the shortcomings are not distributed equally, since inequality is expressed at the moment in territorial and social inequalities that in turn are a brake on economic growth in the long term. These inequalities can be corroborated by observing the very different levels of development achieved by the entities of our country measured through the Human Development Index. Although Mexico has traditionally been a nation of inequalities, until the mid-eighties of the last century these inequalities had been decreasing; However, the change in the economic model has caused an increase in these inequities. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to know how the concentration of wealth has caused enormous levels of inequality in Mexico. The methodology used is the comparison between the level of Human Development among the federative entities of our country and the evolution of the Gini index to understand how inequality has evolved and in which regions poverty has been concentrated. This reinforces the argument that the neoliberal model is the cause of the growth of poverty and inequality in Mexico.

Social Entrepreneurship and Empowerment of Rural Women: Artemali Case

In the municipality of Tepatlaxco de Hidalgo, a federative entity of Puebla, in the country of Mexico, 30 rural women started the business of manufacturing and marketing handicrafts with the pine leaf, called “ocoxal”, with a sustainability perspective, to improve the quality of life of their families motivated by economic deprivation. This research was of qualitative type, applying inductive methods and convenience sampling, documentary techniques and panel interviews in situ, worksheets and an interview guide. Six women from the municipality of Tepatlaxco were interviewed, who are part of the management of the Artemali company. The data obtained were analyzed based on two variables: social entrepreneurship and empowerment of rural women. In this first part of the research, three categories were used: own business, learning and sustainability. The results of the interviewees showed that the business is profitable, which has allowed some aspects of the quality of life of their families to improve. It is also sustainable because they limit the amount of ocoxal to be collected from the forest, carry out cleaning campaigns of the forest, participate in breast cancer prevention campaigns and give courses to children to take care of the forest. In addition, they have entered commercially in Europe, in fairs that promote the sale of handicrafts several countries.

URBAN PUBLIC POLICY FOR NATURAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN BLUMENAU-SC: PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES,

Abstract The objective of this study was the analysis of urban public policy for natural disaster risk management in the city of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Two approaches were used: (1) A survey of the municipal public agencies responsible for disaster risk management was conducted. (2) The surveyed agencies’ representatives’ ideas and activities regarding natural disaster risk were analyzed. A systemic approach was adopted, bibliographical research was performed, and interviews were conducted with 10 municipal public managers. The results facilitated the description of the municipal public disaster risk management organizational structure and the ideas and activities related to disaster risk knowledge, prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery/ reconstruction. The study concludes that there is a need for improvements in the coordination among the municipal public agencies and in shared responsibilities of the federal entities and the society for disaster risk management.

The problems of «digital» goalsetting within the government s&t policy in the regions comprised by federal entities of the Russian Federation

The problems of «digital» goalsetting within the government s&t policy in the regions comprised by federal entities of the Russian Federation

THE 2019 TEXAS COASTAL RESILIENCY MASTER PLAN

In 2017, the Texas General Land Office (GLO) released the first Texas Coastal Resiliency Master Plan, an ambitious coastal planning effort to restore, enhance and protect more than 367 miles of coast and some 3,300 miles of bays and estuaries for the State of Texas. The lynchpin of the planning effort is its emphasis on shoring up the coast by using the latest coastal technology backed by research on Texas coastal environments, coastal hydrodynamics and morphology, and sediment supply, among others, in conjunction with federal, public, and private entity coordination. By championing a statewide Plan to guide the future of coastal management, the GLO will assure that Texas continues to restore, enhance, and protect its coastlines and communities.

Drug, Opioid-Involved, and Heroin-Involved Overdose Deaths Among American Indians and Alaska Natives - Washington, 1999-2015.

The opioid epidemic has resulted in a threefold increase in drug overdose deaths in the United States during 1999−2015 (1). Whereas American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) have experienced larger increases in drug overdose mortality than have other racial/ethnic groups in the United States (2), little is known about the regional impact of opioids in tribal and urban AI/AN communities. To address this data gap, death records from the Washington State Center for Health Statistics, corrected for misclassification of AI/AN race, were examined to identify trends and disparities in drug, opioid-involved, and heroin-involved overdose mortality rates for AI/AN and non-Hispanic whites (whites) in Washington. Although AI/AN and whites had similar overdose mortality rates during 1999–2001, subsequent overdose rates among AI/AN increased at a faster rate than did those among whites. During 2013–2015, mortality rates among AI/AN were 2.7 and 4.1 times higher than rates among whites for total drug and opioid-involved overdoses and heroin-involved overdoses, respectively. Washington death certificates that were not corrected for misclassification of AI/AN race underestimated drug overdose mortality rates among AI/AN by approximately 40%. National statistics on the opioid epidemic, which report that overdose mortality rates are significantly higher among whites than among AI/AN, are not reflective of regional prevalences, disparities, and trends. Comprehensive efforts to address the opioid epidemic in AI/AN communities rely on strong partnerships between tribal governments and local, state, and federal entities. Additional measures are needed for community-based surveillance, treatment, and prevention to effectively respond to the epidemic across diverse tribal and urban AI/AN communities.

Questão territorial, processo de regionalização do SUS e financiamento das redes temáticas

Objetivo: Sistematizar as principais características das portarias que orientam a transferências de recursos para a rede de cuidado obstétrico e neonatal (Rede Cegonha), a Rede de Atenção à Urgência (RAU), a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) e a Rede de Atenção à Pessoa com Deficiências (Viver sem limites). Métodos: As portarias foram analisadas a partir de três eixos estruturais: i) perfil assistencial dos elementos financiados, sendo observados os componentes e os equipamentos, insumos e ações; ii) o montante de recursos financeiros disponível para cada um dos elementos financiados, discriminado em investimentos e custeio; e iii) o comprometimento de cada um dos entes federativos no financiamento e execução do recurso. Resultados: A análise permite evidenciar três principais aspectos no repasse de recursos financeiros federais para os entes subnacionais: i) preponderância de recursos para o cuidado especializado, cuja configuração produtiva exige economia de escala, tendendo a se concentrar em municípios que apresentam maior centralidade; ii) indução ao comprometimento de recursos, financeiros ou não, dos entes subnacionais; e iii) grande fragmentação nos repasses financeiros. Conclusão: O financiamento das redes temáticas, além de favorecer o modelo médico assistencial por meio da transferência de recurso prioritariamente para a atenção à saúde voltada à média e alta complexidade, parece tender às regiões privilegiadas.

Enhancing State Standardization of the Retail Trade System in Russia

The goal of the article is to ground proposals dealing with enhancement of state standardization of the retail trade system in Russia. In some Russian regions there is a poor provision of the population with retail trade enterprises, which requires certain steps aimed at developing the trade system on the part of state. State regulation of the trade system in Russia is carried out by standards of minimum provision of the population with the area of trade facilities, which are fixed by bodies of power of Russian Federation entities and bodies of local self-governance and approved by the government. However, only 3% of municipal establishments in the country have developed these standards, which demonstrate the low practical importance of figures being adopted. The author puts forward a hypothesis, according to which figures of the trade area per thousand of dwellers used as a standard of min provision of the population with retail trade in Russia should be revised due to market development of trade in this country. To check the hypothesis the author studied works by prominent scientists dealing with this subject and found out that in countries with the developed market system the indicator of the population rekoning on the number of enterprises is taken as a standard. The effective methodology of figures standardization in Russia was researched and it showed its poor scientific validity. As a result, it was proposed to change the standard of min provision of the population with the retail trade and use the standard of the number of trade units per one dweller differentiated by forms of trade. Recommendations of the article form a sound basis for enhancement of the effective standard-legal regulation of the trade system in Russia.