Pakistan Research Articles

Influencer Marketing and Consumer Behavior During Pandemic Covid-19: A Scenario of Textile Industry of Pakistan

Purpose: The perseverance of this study is to examine how the influence of marketing via V-logging on Instagram has changed consumers’ buying behavior in the current pandemic in Pakistan.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed the 'media richness theory,' which states that there are various types of communication channels, each of which tends to be richer than the others based on two major principles associated with those channels: the first is a communication's tendency to provide sufficient feedback, and the second is the cues the medium can provide.
 Findings: By exploring the factors that are affecting the buying intentions of consumers using Instagram adverts, the research study attempted to portray a new yet different viewpoint on the use of media richness theory. The study purports to examine the role of social media influencers in changing consumer purchase intention in Pakistan during the Pandemic and the chances that it may remain uniform even after the pandemic passes for young Pakistani consumers only.
 Implications/Originality/Value: 
 Finding of the study suggests that as social media play a key role in changing consumer purchases intentions. Thus, this could be improved and ought to be in more realistic way for the benefit of society.

Trend Analysis of Inflation and its Relationship with Economic Growth of Nepal

Background: The price level and its growth, inflation, is an important economic indicator. Inflation can be defined as the persistent rise in the general price level across the economy over time. Inflation is an increase in the volume of money and credit relative to available goods resulting in a substantial and continuing rise in the general price level. Inflation is everywhere and is interestingly touchy issue in macroeconomics.Methods: This research is cross-sectional and analytical and is completely based on secondary data to examine the trend and impact of inflation on economic growth rate of Nepal. To find the relationship between inflation, GDP, growth rate, money supply, CPI correlation matrix and multiple regression model were used.Results: Globally the inflation rate of emerging and developing economies is projected to decline by 0.2 percentage points to 4.9 percent in 2021 from 5.1 percent in 2020. In 2021, among the South Asian countries Pakistan is expected to have the highest inflation and Maldives the lowest. The average inflation rate of Nepal during 2015 to 2020 was 6.1 percent. There is fluctuation in annual inflation rate. The trend of GDP and CPI index of Nepal is in increasing order. There is negative correlation between GDP and Inflation while positive correlation of GDP with growth rate, CPI, Money supply.Conclusions: It is very important that inflation be controlled in order to address poverty as well as economic growth. It can safely be concluded that policies that stabilizes the inflation to the certain threshold level matters for the long run economic growth

The Existing Ethnic Fault Lines of Pakistan: Its Impact on the Survival of State

The paper examines Pakistan's complex network of ethnic fault lines and considers their significant ramifications for the existence of the nation. Deeply ingrained ethnic conflicts have been brought about by the historical, socio-cultural, and political terrain of the country, creating serious obstacles to national unity. The study clarifies the possible risks these fault-lines may offer to the stability and unity of the Pakistani state by looking at their historical background and historical development. Ethnic conflict is fueled by a number of factors, some of which are examined in detail, including cultural differences, political marginalization, and economic inequities. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the research provides a thorough knowledge of the intricate interactions between ethnic dynamics and state survival in Pakistan by referencing political science, sociology, and historical analysis.

Critical Analysis of Dowry Culture Through the Lens of Dowry-related Laws and Policies in Pakistan

Dowry, a stark reality, still haunts the larger part of Pakistani society. Whenever a marriage takes place, the burden to provide dowry falls upon the shoulders of the bride’s parents. This particular study aims to critically evaluate the laws and policies made by the Pakistani state to curb the menace of dowry culture. The qualitative method with a particular focus on descriptive and explorative analysis was used to explore and describe the intricate issue at hand. For this, various national and international surveys, reports along scholarly articles were thoroughly analyzed to find out the underlying causes and their consequences. Until now, not only limited laws have been enacted to deal with dowry as a criminal offense but also enforcing mechanisms have been absent for the existing laws. The findings of this study implore the adoption of dowry-related laws with efficient rules of business for the sake of effective implementation.

A global exploratory comparison of country self-citations 1996-2019.

Self-citations are a key topic in evaluative bibliometrics because they can artificially inflate citation-related performance indicators. Recently, self-citations defined at the largest scale, i.e., country self-citations, have started to attract the attention of researchers and policymakers. According to a recent research, in fact, the anomalous trends in the country self-citation rates of some countries, such as Italy, have been induced by the distorting effect of citation metrics-centered science policies. In the present study, we investigate the trends of country self-citations in 50 countries over the world in the period 1996-2019 using Scopus data. Results show that for most countries country self-citations have decreased over time. 12 countries (Colombia, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Malaysia, Pakistan, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and Ukraine), however, exhibit different behavior, with anomalous trends of self-citations. We argue that these anomalies should be attributed to the aggressive science policies adopted by these countries in recent years, which are all characterized by direct or indirect incentives for citations. Our analysis confirms that when bibliometric indicators are integrated into systems of incentives, they are capable of affecting rapidly and visibly the citation behavior of entire countries.

The Effect of Working Capital Management on The Profitability of the Textile Industry: Evidence from Pakistan Textile Industry

The working capital management has significant importance in business investment because it impact on company’s Profitability and efficiency. The current study has taken the textile sector of Pakistan comprising of three sectors , that is spinning weaving and composite comprising of 155 companies in total . The aim of the paper is to investigate the effect of working capital management on profitability of the textile firms. A sample of 20 businesses is randomly selected for a period of six years to carry out the current study. In the existing study ROA is taken as a measure of profitability of the firm. While the working capital is taken as the measure of the cash conversion cycle. Account receivable collection period, Account payable time period size of the firm sales growth and current ration. Regression analysis is done and to address the issue of multicollinearity VIF test is done. The study's conclusions demonstrate that working capital utilization matters to Pakistani textile enterprises and that effective working capital utilization affects profitability. Studies show that when a company's inventory turnover period increases, its profitability decreases. The prompt transformation of raw materials into final products has a significant impact on the profitability of the company. The analysis did not uncover any proof that profitability and the cash conversion cycle (CCC) were significantly correlated.

The Impact of Credit and Liquidity Risk on Bank Performance

Banks exist to make a profit so that they can continue to operate, grow, and expand. Bank stability has been challenged over the previous two decades as a result of political intervention, nonperforming loans (NPLs), and interest rate changes. They need to monitor these micro and macro-level factors to identify and manage risk. Thus, the current study explores the impact of credit risk (NPL, Z-Score) and liquidity risk (LR) on the performance of South Asian banks measured with ROA and ROE. The sample of the study comprised a total of 35 listed banks of South Asian Countries (Pakistan (20) and India (15)) and the sample period spans 10 years from 2011 to 2020. The information was obtained from data stream and the financial statements of selected banks listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The findings show that credit and liquidity risk has a major impact on the performance of South Asian banks. Overall, credit risk has a negative impact on bank performance. However, the Z-score value in the estimation derived with ROE, on the other hand, demonstrates a positive connection with bank performance. The current study’s findings suggest that bank management in developing countries should provide timely monitoring and supervision of their long-term borrowers to control credit risk.

Light in the tunnel or just a train; impact of supply chain finance solutions on financial service providers’ financial performance by mitigating financial risk

Supply chain finance is newly emerging concept and grab attend of financial sercive providers, buyers and suppliers. This study empirically examines the impact of supply chain finance solutions (SCFS), banks financial risk on financial service providers’ financial performance using panel dataset of Asian Development Bank registered countries (Pakistan, China and Bangladesh) from 2012–2021. By breaking new ground, supply chain finance solution index is developed by combining several solutions to measure its impact on financial service provider financial performance. The results show a significant impact of supply chain finance solutions on financial performance of financial service providers. Furthermore, by offering SCF solutions a bank is able to reduce its financial risk for the external parties (e.g., investors, shareholders) This research encourages financial service providers (banks) to embrace the supply chain finance solution to enhance financial performance and allows them to evaluate their supply chain finance solutions investments as a technique to mitigate financial risk.

Life Cycle Assessment and Circular Building Design in South Asian Countries: A Review of the Current State of the Art and Research Potentials

A literature survey was proposed, aiming at summarizing the state of the art and, consequently, the research potential, in the increasingly popular field of circular economy, specifically applied to the construction industry in South Asian countries (Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh). In particular, the role of a life cycle assessment (LCA) to support the circular building design concept in construction projects was investigated. This review organized 71 published papers that examined environmental building assessments, certifications for sustainable buildings, the awareness of sustainable buildings, and recent advancements in this field between 2005 and 2022. The review pointed out that half of the LCA studies used the cradle-to-grave LCA methodology for environmental impact assessment, while the other half used the cradle-to-cradle LCA methodology. Regardless of the recent research, the literature still lacks the cradle-to-cradle implementation of the LCA methodology in selected countries which is essential for implementing truly circular building strategies. Moreover, the literature showed a lack of interest and awareness among all stakeholders in the construction of environmentally friendly buildings. The main barrier to carry out LCA for building performance is the unavailability of a regional database, which was pointed out in the literature, as well as the criteria for certification that are not available or do not comply with the standards of the specific contexts of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh.

OUTLOOK ON ENERGY AND EMPLOYMENT SCENARIOS IN SELECT SOUTH ASIAN NATIONS: SEVEN-YEAR FORECAST (2023-2030)

Coal is the primary energy source of countries India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Coal is a fossil fuel and thus is non-renewable. In this study, we are analyzing and forecasting various energy parameters, encompassing total energy generation, consumption, the proportion of renewables in the overall primary energy mix, and socio-economic parameters such as population statistics, unemployment rates, and the percentage of women in the workforce. The objective is to leverage this data to evaluate forthcoming business and employment prospects within the renewable sector, and how it can reduce unemployment rates and improve womens participation in the workforce. Additionally, the existing job opportunities in the renewable energy market are also assessed. The high gap between energy consumption and generation indicates the need for the establishment of renewable energy infrastructure. KEYWORDS: Renewable Energy, Fossil Fuels, Unemployment rate, Energy consumption

Guardians and Governors: The Multifaceted Role of the Pakistan Army in National Development and Islamic Ethics

This comprehensive study explores the multifaceted role of the Pakistan Army in the development of Pakistan, with a particular focus on its integration of Islamic perspectives and ethical considerations. The Pakistan Army, since the country's inception in 1947, has evolved from a traditional military force into a pivotal actor in national affairs, influencing political, economic, and social spheres. This paper delves into the historical background of the Army, tracing its evolution from a segment of the British Indian Army to an independent entity deeply embedded in the fabric of the Pakistani state. It examines the Army's significant yet controversial role in the political arena, where it has intermittently assumed direct control and wielded substantial influence over civilian governance. In terms of economic contributions, the study investigates the Army's direct involvement in various business ventures and its substantial impact on national economic policies. This includes an analysis of the Army's infrastructure projects and its role as a major employer, highlighting both the benefits and challenges of its pervasive economic presence.

Green thumbs at work: Boosting employee eco-participation through ecocentric leadership, green crafting, and green human resource management

Drawing on the social exchange theory, we examined a sequential mediation process linking “ecocentric leadership” and “employees' voluntary green behavior”. We also considered the aspects of “green crafting” and employees' “thriving at work” in association with “ecocentric leadership” and “employees' voluntary green behavior”. On the basis of data from 438 employees employed in Pakistan's textile industry, green crafting mediates the relationship amid “ecocentric leadership” and “employees' thriving at work”. We also established that “green crafting” and employees' “thriving at work” serially mediate the association between “ecocentric leadership” and “employees' voluntary green behavior”. “Green human resource management” practices were also a significant moderator in the “green crafting”-“voluntary green behavior” relationship providing support for the combined effect of “green human resource management” practices and “green crafting” in augmenting “thriving at work”. The findings of the study provide significant theoretical and managerial inferences to enable organizations to implement green human resource practices effectively and enable their voluntary green behavior by facilitating them to thrive at work.

“The watchdog is siding with the thieves”: Failing neoliberal policies and successful derisking in the Global South

In this study, we examine how a State in the Global South implemented neoliberal policies aiming at derisking private investments whose outcomes were opposite to expectations. We focus on the strategy, tactics, and maneuvers used by the State to defend these policies formally. Through an in-depth case study of the Pakistani State’s privatization efforts in its electricity sector, we confirm that the State seeks to derisk investments but also to derisk neoliberal policies in general by assuming full responsibility for their failure. This acceptance of responsibility preserves the symbolic capital of the specific policies but also of the neoliberal project in general regardless of outcomes. Our findings add texture to the notion of derisking in the Global South and document the transfer of symbolic capital to multilateral lending organizations from the State. We observe the State is not only an enabler and enforcer of neoliberal policies but also their exonerator when failures appear.

TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE AND DISCOLORATION OF TEETH: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON DRUG RESISTANCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN THE FEDERAL AREA OF PAKISTAN

Tetracycline antibiotics have been pivotal in managing bacterial infections in Pakistan and globally. However, the rampant misuse and overuse of tetracyclines have catalyzed the emergence of antibiotic resistance, presenting a pressing public health challenge. Additionally, the administration of tetracyclines during tooth development can result in tooth discoloration, exerting a profound impact on oral health and the overall quality of life. This research paper delves into assessing the prevalence of tetracycline resistance within the Federal Area of Pakistan, scrutinizes the interplay between tetracycline usage and tooth discoloration by enlisting 682 participants, and comprehensively evaluates the implications of antibiotic resistance on public health within the region. A rigorous examination of tetracycline resistance in the Federal Area of Pakistan comprised an extensive survey involving 682 individuals. The study encompassed diverse age groups and demographic characteristics to ensure a representative sample. The participants were interviewed, and their medical histories were scrutinized to establish the extent and patterns of tetracycline usage. Subsequently, dental examinations and assessments were carried out to identify cases of tooth discoloration associated with tetracycline exposure. Bacterial isolates from clinical specimens were subjected to susceptibility testing to determine the prevalence of tetracycline resistance in the region. The findings of this study revealed a substantial prevalence of tetracycline resistance among bacterial isolates in the Federal Area of Pakistan. Furthermore, the investigation demonstrated a significant correlation between tetracycline usage during tooth development and tooth discoloration in the surveyed population. The high incidence of tetracycline-induced tooth discoloration emphasized the need for increased awareness regarding the judicious use of antibiotics, especially in vulnerable populations. Tetracycline resistance in Pakistan's Federal Area is a pressing concern. Irresponsible use during tooth development can cause discoloration. To combat resistance, regulate use, educate the public, and promote alternative treatments. An integrated approach is urgently needed to protect public health.

TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE AND DISCOLORATION OF TEETH: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON DRUG RESISTANCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN THE FEDERAL AREA OF PAKISTAN

Tetracycline antibiotics have been pivotal in managing bacterial infections in Pakistan and globally. However, the rampant misuse and overuse of tetracyclines have catalyzed the emergence of antibiotic resistance, presenting a pressing public health challenge. Additionally, the administration of tetracyclines during tooth development can result in tooth discoloration, exerting a profound impact on oral health and the overall quality of life. This research paper delves into assessing the prevalence of tetracycline resistance within the Federal Area of Pakistan, scrutinizes the interplay between tetracycline usage and tooth discoloration by enlisting 682 participants, and comprehensively evaluates the implications of antibiotic resistance on public health within the region. A rigorous examination of tetracycline resistance in the Federal Area of Pakistan comprised an extensive survey involving 682 individuals. The study encompassed diverse age groups and demographic characteristics to ensure a representative sample. The participants were interviewed, and their medical histories were scrutinized to establish the extent and patterns of tetracycline usage. Subsequently, dental examinations and assessments were carried out to identify cases of tooth discoloration associated with tetracycline exposure. Bacterial isolates from clinical specimens were subjected to susceptibility testing to determine the prevalence of tetracycline resistance in the region. The findings of this study revealed a substantial prevalence of tetracycline resistance among bacterial isolates in the Federal Area of Pakistan. Furthermore, the investigation demonstrated a significant correlation between tetracycline usage during tooth development and tooth discoloration in the surveyed population. The high incidence of tetracycline-induced tooth discoloration emphasized the need for increased awareness regarding the judicious use of antibiotics, especially in vulnerable populations. Tetracycline resistance in Pakistan's Federal Area is a pressing concern. Irresponsible use during tooth development can cause discoloration. To combat resistance, regulate use, educate the public, and promote alternative treatments. An integrated approach is urgently needed to protect public health.

Cultural dynamics of digital space: Democracy, civic engagement and youth participation in virtual spheres

Globally, the digital culture of the youth has been playing a decisive role in the promotion of networking democracy, civic engagement and political participation in online spheres, and similar dynamics are being witnessed in the politics of East and SouthAsia. The present study has been conducted in two countries (Indonesia & Pakistan) focusing on youth networked engagement (civic and social) and political participation in virtual affairs. Indonesia and Pakistan possess distinct culture, religious, and historical identities the youth culture show surprising commonalities which reflect the universal nature of youthful aspirations, goals and desires. To help young people embrace social media as a multi-faceted channel, the current article demonstrates exploratory information and aims at delineating the usage of social media in escalating participation in political arenas, protecting (and acquiring) political human rights, and revitalizing the importance of their local and digital networks. The researcher (s) employed a cross-sectional study design and carried out a survey to collect the data from the citizens of Indonesia and Pakistan. The data was gathered through a standardized questionnaire. As a sampling frame was established, the researchers approached the general public for filling out the questionnaire through both offline and online sources. The results depict that social media is a platform for political communication, political expression, and facilitating digital democracy. The findings show that culture of social media politics was strongly correlated with political efficacy, social media and democracy. Hence, it concludes that a significant youth culture in these countries have tremendous chances to strengthen inter-cultural relations, and encourage to participate in civic, political and democratic platforms.

Law matters - assessment of country-level code implementation and sales of breastmilk substitutes in South Asia.

This study examines the status of implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes of eight countries in the South Asia region (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka), and describes the sales value and volume of commercial milk formula (CMF) marketed as breastmilk substitutes (BMS) and baby food in four countries (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). A mix of descriptive methods is used to assess national status of Code implementation, including a desk review of the 2022 WHO/UNICEF/IBFAN Code Status Report, systematic content analysis of national Code measures, and insights generated from the participation of key government and UNICEF/WHO actors in a regional workshop that aimed to identify each country's barriers, gaps, and the status of Code implementation. Data on the sales value and volume of CMF and baby food between 2007 to 2021 and with the prediction to 2026 in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were obtained from Global Data. There are major gaps in Code implementation in countries even with legal measures considered substantially aligned with the Code, such as the inadequate age range of CMF covered in the scope, insufficient safeguards against conflicts of interest in the health system, lack of warning of risks of intrinsic contamination of powdered milk formula, and an absence of effective monitoring and enforcement mechanisms. Data on CMF sales shows health facilities and pharmacies sustain the highest sales. Lower sales volume of infant formula (including special formula), compared to other CMF such as follow-up formula and growing-up milk, has been observed in three of the four countries (Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka). Overall, GUM, followed by baby cereals, accounted for a large portion of CMF and baby foods sales in the same three countries. (1) Closing the gaps between national measures and the Code, (2) Ensuring effective monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, (3) Strengthening conflicts of interest safeguards in the health system, (4) Tackling digital marketing, and (5) Galvanizing political support and support from in-country public health and women's rights jurist networks.

Modeling spatial-temporal variability of PM2.5 concentrations in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) region via functional adaptive density approach.

The rapid development of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has led to severe air pollution dominated by PM2.5 concentrations which can cause a profound negative impact on human health and economic activity. This problem poses a critical environmental challenge to efficiently handling large-scale spatial-temporal PM2.5 data in this extended region. Functional data analysis (FDA) technique offers powerful tools that have the potential to enhance the analysis of spatial distributions and temporal dynamic changes in high-dimensional pollution data. However, modeling the spatial-temporal variability of PM2.5 concentrations by FDA remains unrevealed in the BRI region. To address this research gap, our study aimed to achieve two main objectives: first, to model the spatial-temporal dynamic variability of PM2.5 in 125 BRI nations (1998-2021), and second, to identify the underlying clusters behind the variations. We employed the recently developed functional adaptive density peak (FADP) clustering approach to solve the current problem. The proposed method is based on the joint use of functional principal components (FPCs) and functional cluster analyses. The main results are as follows: (i) The first three FPCs almost captured 99% of the total variations involving all valuable information on PM2.5 concentrations. (ii) PM2.5 pollution was highly concentrated in the developing countries (Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nigeria) and the developed countries (Arabian Gulf countries: Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman), and the least developed countries (Yemen and Chad). (iii) Three optimal clusters were identified and thus classified the PM2.5 into three distinct degrees of pollution: severe, moderate, and light. (iv) Cluster 1 had a severe pollution effect degree with a high rate of change, and it covered the Arabian Peninsula countries, African countries (Cameroon, Egypt, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Chad), Bangladesh, and Pakistan. (v) About 62 BRI countries belonged to cluster 2 showing a light pollution degree with annul average of less than 20 [Formula: see text]; this pointed out that the PM2.5 concentration remains stable in the cluster 2-related countries. The findings of this research would benefit governments and policymakers in preventing and controlling PM2.5 pollution exposure in BRI. Furthermore, this research could pay attention to sustainable development goals and the vision of the Green BRI policy.

Enhancing Diabetes Care in LMICs: Insights from a Multinational Consensus

The International Cardio-Metabolic Forum held a plenary session to establish a multinational consensus on the challenges faced in diabetes management within lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) and their potential solutions. Stakeholders, including patients, family/caretakers, healthcare professionals, and healthcare policymakers & organizations, participated in discussions. The audience of 280 doctors from different countries (Pakistan, Qatar, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Myanmar, Georgia, Nigeria, Philippines, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Tanzania, Cambodia, Kazakhstan, South Sudan and Libya) was divided into 4 groups led by Group Leaders to represent each stakeholder group. Questionnaires addressing key challenges and solutions specific to each group were used to facilitate consensus development. Participants voted on relevant options based on their clinical experience. SLIDO software was used for polling, generating separate results for each group. The insights shared by healthcare professionals highlighted the importance of improving medication accessibility and cost-effectiveness for patients, emphasizing the need for adherence to treatment plans and lifestyle modifications. The significance of balanced nutrition with low glycemic index food for enhancing quality of life was recognized. Caregivers of diabetic patients with comorbidities face increasing demands for care, particularly in relation to age-related milestones. Healthcare professionals emphasized the challenges posed by cultural beliefs and health awareness, underscoring the importance of teamwork and early referral for managing comorbidities. Healthcare policymakers need to focus on disease education, awareness programs, screening guidelines, and advocacy for community and clinical screening. By addressing these challenges, a more comprehensive and effective approach to diabetes management can be achieved in LMICs, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals with diabetes.
 doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.7.8881
 How to cite this: Miranda JC, Raza SA, Kolawole B, Khan JK, Alvi A, Ali FS, et al . Enhancing Diabetes Care in LMICs: Insights from a Multinational Consensus. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(7):1899-1906. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.7.8881
 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Unfolding impact of natural resources, economic growth, and energy nexus on the sustainable environment: Guidelines for green finance goals in 10 Asian countries

The evolution of sustainable development goals (SDGs) has attracted attention to sustainability-related issues. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether natural resources play a significant role in influencing the sustainability of the environment and greenhouse gas emissions and to evaluate the effects of economic growth, natural resource use, green financing and the use of renewable and non-renewable energy on carbon emissions in ten countries (China, India, Pakistan, Japan, Indonesia, Turkey, South Korea, Thailand, Iran, and Saudi Arabia), chosen for having high gross domestic products (GDP) in the Asian region. Using the panel data estimating technique CS-ARDL, this study covers the period from 1996 through 2022, during which all countries' long-term elasticities were calculated. The results show that renewable and nonrenewable energy helps these nations' economies flourish. Natural resources can impede economic development in certain nations while stimulating it in others. While using renewable energy lowers carbon emissions, using fossil fuels for energy and economic growth both increase carbon emissions. The use of natural resources was a factor in the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) in every country represented on the panel. It is possible to make policy recommendations, such as using green energy sources and green financing that decrease greenhouse gas emissions and improving the educational system, as well as manipulating the government system to increase economic development in examined regions.