Federal Territory Research Articles

Stability of Northern Eurasia Based on Satellite Geodesy Data

The geodynamics of Northern Eurasia has been analyzed based on repeated satellite positioning with GNSS stations throughout the Russian Federation territory from 2015 to the present. The study utilized two sources of data: observations from the stations of the Russian Fundamental Astro-Geodetic Network (FAGN) and stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) with permanent satellite tracking. This data set allowed to estimate correctness of the block kinematics of the Eurasian plate in three tectonic plate motion models: NUVEL-1A, NNR-MORVEL-56, and ITRF2014. The analysis of the misfits between the observed and model velocities has shown that these misfits have a systematic component in the vicinity of the East European Platform which differs for each of three models. In addition to analyzing the block kinematics of the Eurasian plate, we also evaluated its internal stability. To do this, we calculated the areal deformations of Northern Eurasia using the finite element method. For this purpose, we added the observations processing results from the global data set of the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory to the processing results from two original data sets. Besides interplate boundary deformations which are consistent with existing ideas of the geodynamics of Northern Eurasia, the strain field analysis also revealed intraplate deformations distributed consistently with the configuration of the Northern Eurasia cratons.

Демократизм как базовый принцип в организации законотворческого процесса федеральной территории в России

Democratism is a key principle of constitutional and legal regulation of all innovations in the legislative process. Public authorities of Russia’s federal territories need guarantees for their participation in the legislative process. The legal status of the Sirius Federal Territory remains dubious, which violates the rights of its residents to participate in solving national issues. The principle of democratism is violated when its forms are implemented by public authorities of the federal territory. A balance of interests between society and the state would be achieved if citizens could exercise their legislative rights, directly or through representative bodies of public authority. First, guarantees should be established in the norms of the general effect; second, a procedure should be elaborated on regulatory legal acts, depending on the region and its status. A legislative process is not only a set of forms of activity that turns a legislative idea into a draft law. It also presupposes the implementation of this process based on constitutional principles, i.e., democratism. This principle should become comprehensive since it provides all subjects with equal participation in the legislative process. In addition, democratism encourages all residents and /or representative bodies for such participation. As a result, it should not be subjected to restrictions depending on the type of territory. If guarantees for the implementation of the legislative initiative right are violated in the legislative process, they can be regulated by federal legislation. This procedure could help residents of the Sirius Federal Territory and extend these guarantees to identical territories, e.g., closed administrative-territorial entities, university towns, etc. The ultimate effectiveness of the legislative process depends on democratism.

The relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses in federal territory of Labuan: Coworker support as a moderator

With the ongoing worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, nurses have become among the prominent frontliners working together to prevent its pervasiveness and manage the treatment for the infected. The high-pressuring working environment subsequently affects their satisfaction towards their job and eventually influences their decision to stay. Besides, coworker support has been associated with the enhancement of one’s work-life outcomes. This study is conducted to investigate the moderating role of coworker support in the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intent among nurses. A sample of 200 nurses working at several health institutions around Labuan FT was involved in this quantitative study. Results from data collected were analysed using Smart-PLS. The findings show that among nurses, coworker support can help to mitigate the relationship between job satisfaction and intention to leave the profession. According to the study results, improved working conditions for nurses and a focus on their psychological well-being might assist in lowering the retention rate to cope with the lack of nursing professionals.

Понятие и правовая природа публичной власти в России

In this article, the author examines the features of the legal regulation of the institution of public power in Russia, reveals its characteristic features, and examines the legal nature. The author analyzes the content of the system of public power, basing his conclusions on the conclusions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The author reveals the features of public power before it was officially enshrined at the legislative level, analyzes the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in which the signs of public power were revealed. The analysis of the concept and signs of public power is given in the historical aspect, it is concluded that in the federal territory public power can be characterized as mixed, in which the signs of the regional level of government and local self-government bodies are intertwined, it is concluded that a new level of power has been formed in Russia — public power.

Administrative Economies of Scale in the Malaysian States: A Panel Data Analysis

ABSTRACT There is ongoing concern over administrative performanceamong the different Malaysian states. Using panel data econometric approach, this paper investigates administrative scale effects and the determinants of administrative intensity in the thirteen states and three federal territories in Malaysia over the period 2005 to 2020. Our results indicate that both production labor inputs and population jointly have a scale effect on administrative intensity. There is an inverted U-shaped scale impact from population size and a U-shaped scale effect from production labor input on administrative intensity in Malaysia. Several public policy recommendations are suggested for the improvement of Malaysian administrative performance.

The frightening disease burden of blood culture proven XDR Typhoidal isolates in pediatric population in a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad; Time to implement a holistic approach countrywide

Background: Typhoid fever is a deadly enteric bacterial infection and millions of people all over the globe are endangered of acquiring it. Since the first outbreak of XDR typhoid in Pakistan in 2016, the ever-rising resistance of typhoid has become a major threat faced by the pediatric population of Pakistan. There is a dearth of available data in children harboring this extensively drug resistant pathogen countrywide. The objective of this study is to highlight the alarmingly increasing prevalence of XDR S. typhi in pediatric population in Federal territory in Pakistan. Material and Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted at Microbiology Lab, Children Hospital, PIMS from June 2022 to May 2023. Blood culture samples of children (with strong clinical suspicion of typhoid) ranging one till 12 years (both genders). Result: Out of a total of 245 typhoid suspected blood culture samples, 153 (62%) samples yielded growth of typhoidal Salmonella isolates with 109 (71 %) isolates proved as XDR Salmonella Typhi ,35 (23%) as MDR Salmonella Typhi and the rest 09 cases (6 %) were Salmonella paratyphi A. There was a male predominance of 96(63%) and the rest 57(37%) were females. Age range most commonly affected was 5-8 years followed by 9-12 yrs. There was 100% susceptibility to Meropenem in XDR typhoid cases and 99% XDR cases were susceptible to Azithromycin. Conclusion: We concluded that there is widespread existence of MDR/ XDR S.typhi in pediatric population in federal territory as well as all over Pakistan but there is scarcity of documented data nationwide. Hence, our study signifies that a holistic approach should be implemented along with continuous ongoing surveillance to combat this frightening MDR/ XDR disease burden in this particular population. Key Words: Salmonella Typhi, Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR), Typhoidal isolates

On the issue of legislative regulation of the status of federal territories in the Russian Federation

In this article the authors’ concept of certain provisions of the framework Federal Law ‟On Federal Territories” is presented. The researchers proposed a structural vision of the future legislative act, concretised the norms defining the general principles of the legal status of federal territories: the subject of regulation and the purpose of the adoption of the federal law, basic terms and concepts, the principles and procedure for the formation of federal territories, their types, the purpose and grounds for the creation of federal territories. The article also analyses the legal foundations and doctrinal approaches mediating the procedure for the creation and functioning of territorial units of a special type in the system of public authority of the Russian Federation.

Criminological Insights: A Comprehensive Spatial Analysis of Crime Hot Spots of Property Offenses in Malaysia's Urban Centers

This study examines property crime trends in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, and Putrajaya from 2015 to 2020, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and comprehensive crime data from the Royal Malaysia Police. It focuses on the relationship between property crime rates and the delineation of police station jurisdictions across Selangor State, Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory (KLFT), and Putrajaya Federal Territory (PFT). The objective is to understand the dynamics of property crime, its evolution, and the influence of the National Transformation Program on crime prevention strategies. By assessing the spatial distribution of property crimes, this research aims to identify underlying trends and the efficacy of hot spot policing. The analysis is underpinned by an extensive review of secondary data from the Intelligence/Operations/Records Division of the Royal Malaysia Police Headquarters, enabling a deep dive into the spatial characteristics of property crime within these regions. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of crime prevention in Malaysia, underscoring the importance of GIS technology and the need for strategic interventions tailored to specific crime patterns. This study provides critical insights for policymakers and law enforcement to formulate evidence-based strategies, enhance public safety, and inform future crime prevention efforts.

Regional innovations influence on the ecological footprint of the Russian Federation territories: case of the Siberia and Volga regions

Relevance. Ensuring the development of the country regions on the principles of environmental and economic balance, taking into account the national development goals of Russia until 2030.This article models the relationship between economic development and environmental progress. The relationship between investment in innovation and uncontrolled emissions in certain regions of Russia in the period from 2010 to 2022 is explored. Aim. To study the intensity of innovation influence on the ecological footprint, as well as the efficiency of functioning of environmental-innovative activities, in regions of different types using the example of the Siberian Federal District and the Volga Federal District. Methods. Panel regression with fixed effects, correlation analysis, DEA method, cluster analysis, analysis of variance. Results and conclusions. Using the example of 24 Russian regions, it is shown that the intensity increase of the research and development of regional companies does not always lead to an increase in the environmental footprint and an increase in emissions intensity. The obtained results indicate that the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development contradict each other and suggest that regional governments should consider the negative environmental externalities of economic development when designing policies to promote regional growth. It is noted that the growth of investments in the research and development of more developed regions reduce the emissions intensity level. Large industrial centers of Siberia and the Volga regions are investing in innovation to increase the intensity of emissions. The hypothesis about the high degree of the economic space heterogeneity in terms of the influence of the research and development intensity of regional companies on the degree of environmental pollution in the regions of the Russian Federation is confirmed. The necessity is emphasized to take into account the regional specifics of the industrial structure of the economy. A highly significant heterogeneity was revealed in the efficiency of environmental-innovative activities functioning in the regions of the Siberian Federal District and Volga Federal District. Moreover, the effectiveness of environmental-innovative activities of the regions is insignificantly correlated with the identified imbalance of this activity.

Exploring the Prevalence of Gender Inequality in the Nigerian Civil Service

The study explores how gender inequality exists in the Nigerian civil service. It adopts a convenience sampling technique where semi-structured interviews were administered to 27 civil servants in the Federal Territory of Abuja. Based on content- and consistency-based analysis, the researchers classified three emerging categories as exogenous, endogenous, and exo-endogenous factors. These factors further unravelled the emerging subcategories of each of the factors that included (1) the deficit in Education, (2) religion, (3) the civil service administration, (4) sex appeal as a criterion, (5) marriage and childbearing and (6) culture. With a consistency rate of 87.88%, the participants suggested that female education deficits constitute one factor that influences women’s employment. About 80.95% and 63.89% suggested that religion and civil service have negatively impacted female labour participation in the civil service. We concluded that women were not specifically employed in the civil service on the principle of gender equality or because the government intended to explore and benefit from their potential. The study recommended that there should be an enactment law that warrants fair practice in the civil service by removing any exclusions undermining women’s ability in decision-making and having equal access to various employment opportunities.

PEMBANGUNAN APLIKASI JAWLAH TIKTOQ BAGI MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN SEBUTAN HURUF ARAB DALAM KALANGAN MURID SEKOLAH RENDAH

'Jawlah Tiktoq' is an application developed as a teaching aid for learning and facilitating Arabic for non-native students. The Jawlah Tiktoq application was developed based on the concept of fun learning to help students master the pronunciation of Arabic 'mutamathilah' letters. The application focuses on four 'mutamathilah' letters- ta', kaf, to' and qaf (ت ك ط ق) and it was named after these letters. The data shows that students face challenges in mastering the pronunciation of ‘mutamathilah' letters as they have the same voice articulation and letter properties. Therefore, the application was developed as an effective alternative medium in the teaching of 'mutamathilah' letters. In this study, the Jawlah Tiktoq application was developed as an instructional material by adapting the ADDIE Instructional Model. Questionnaire were used as the instrument in the needs analysis phase which involved Arabic teachers from primary schools in Federal Territory. The purposive sampling method was used in the needs analysis phase which involved 100 teachers. Data from the questionnaire and literature review were used in the development and design phases. In addition, the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model has been used to ensure that the application developed can attract students’ interest and motivation and make the classroom atmosphere more conducive and interactive. The implementation phase involves piloting the application with selected students while the usability evaluation involves a group of field experts. The use and development of the Jawlah Tiktoq application have helped improve students' mastery of the pronunciation of the Arabic 'mutamathilah' letters as well as their motivation and interest in learning Arabic.

Hubungan antara Motivasi dan Sikap dengan Penguasaan Murid dalam Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Sekolah Rendah

Motivation is one of the key factors in helping students master a subject. Nevertheless, students were described as unmotivated and uninterested in History teaching and learning sessions. Thus, the study aims to identify the level of motivation and attitude of students in history subjects, as well as their relationship to the mastery of the students in this subject. The study uses questionnaires as instruments of study distributed face-to-face. 196 respondents were selected by random sample consisting of six-year-olds in several schools in Putrajaya Federal Territory. Results from data analysis carried out through SPSS software report that there are five main constructs: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, positive attitude, negative attitude and student mastery in History subjects. Study revenues report that the level of motivation of students is at the middle level high while the levels of attitude of students in these subjects are at the low middle level. The Pearson correlation test found that there was a significant relationship between motivation and attitude with the mastery of students in history subjects. This means that the motivation and attitude of the student plays an important role in mastering the subject of History. It's seen to help change the negative student's stigma about such historical subjects as boring and centered teachers. In this connection, the implications of this study suggest that the parties involved give emphasis to the instructive motivation and extrinsic motivation in the pupils so that a positive attitude can be nurtured further increase their level of mastery in the History subjects.

Implementation of External Budgetary Control over Business Partnerships and Entities with Regional Participation in Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation

The paper analyzes the reasons for external state financial control over the activities of business partnerships and business entities with participation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the specifics of inspections of such business entities performed by regional control and accounting authorities. Based on the study of federal and regional regulatory legal acts, acts of the control and accounting bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the practice of courts and the activities of control and accounting bodies, the author defines the problems of such control and analyzes the arguments of the audited entities used to protect their rights during control and the assessment of these arguments by the courts. The author concludes that it is necessary to include a list of objects controlled by sub-federal control and accounting bodies in Federal Law No. 6‑FZ dated 07.02.2011 «On General Principles of Organization and Activities of Control and Accounting Bodies of Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation, Federal Territories and Municipalities» in order to unify the approach to external budget control. The paper substantiates that finances, property and activities of these legal entities are subject to control exercised by regional bodies of external budget control due to the importance of these resources in the process of generating budget revenues of the relevant public legal entities, and the inspectors act primarily as representatives not of the shareholder or participant, but of public legal entities protecting public interest. It also gives them the opportunity to suggest ways to improve the regulatory framework of the region and the management processes of individual legal entities.

Admissibility of Non-Muslim’s Witness Statement in Syariah Court: A Comparison Between Nyonya Binti Tahir and Kaliammal a/p Sinnasamy

In January 2006, the landmark judgment made by the Syariah High Court of Seremban in the case of Nyonya Binti Tahir, Ex P Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan & Yang Lain that Nyonya Binti Tahir was no longer a Muslim at the time of her death and allowed her family to carry out her funeral. The decision was held after the Syariah High Court Judge considered the deceased affidavit and the testimonies of the deceased children who are non-Muslims. The decision contrasted with one made in December 2005, Kaliammal a/p Sinnasamy v. Pengarah Jabatan Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (JAWI) dan lain-lain, in which the Federal Territories of Syariah High Court determined that the deceased, Mount Everest climber Moorthy a/l Maniam, was a Muslim based on a military record, despite not having heard the testimony from his wife, Kaliammal. The Syariah Court of the Federal Territories refused to hear her testimony since she did not have any stand to testify in court. This case commentary critically analyses the rationale behind the Syariah High Court’s decision in the following case Nyonya Binti Tahir, Ex P Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan & Yang Lain in admitting non-Muslim testimony in the Syariah court.

Exploring the Awareness, Perception, Acceptability and Confidence Level Towards Telerehabilitation among Stroke Patients’ Caregivers in the Federal Territory of Malaysia

Telerehabilitation is the ability to provide distance support, evaluation and intervention to individuals who are undergoing rehabilitation therapy through telecommunication. This study aimed to explore the awareness, acceptability and confidence level towards telerehabilitation among caregivers of cerebral stroke patients in the federal territory of Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst stroke patients’ caregivers from general hospitals in the federal territory of Malaysia. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the awareness, acceptability and confidence level towards telerehabilitation technology among stroke patients’ caregivers. The correlation between confidence level in using technology devices and their acceptance level of telerehabilitation was assessed by using Spearman correlation analysis. Results showed that 70% of caregivers were aware of the telerehabilitation technology, amongst which 60.5% were willing to use the technology for rehabilitation purposes. Out of all the types of devices, 50% of caregivers demonstrated a high confidence level in using smartphones. However, only 25.7% demonstrated a high confidence level in using video call services for telerehabilitation service. In conclusion, the majority of caregivers in the federal territory of Malaysia demonstrated a positive attitude towards telerehabilitation services for stroke patients.

A Pre-Trial Standard Operation Procedure for Children in Conflict with Sharia Criminal Law in Malaysia

Criminal offences committed by children in Malaysia do not only involve jurisdiction of the Child Act 2001 (Act 611), (Amendment 2016, A1511) but also jurisdiction of the states’ sharia criminal enactments and acts. Children are not exempted from being a perpetrator and contribute to increased rate in statistic of sharia crime throughout states in Malaysia. The social turmoil of humanity such as birth to an illegitimate child, abandoned babies were the impact from sharia criminal conduct of these children. Among factors for statistical increase on sharia crime by child offenders is due to ambiguity in legal provision regarding the position of child offender and pre-trial procedure for related sharia criminal matter. In fact, the flaws in the enforcement and implementation of pre-trial procedural laws against child offender are evident outcome from these legal ambiguities and the absence of a specific guideline in dealing with these perpetrators. Therefore, this paper discusses on justification on the importance to formulate a better and immediate alternative i.e. to establish a standard operating procedure (SOP) specifically for child offender at the pre-trial stage under the sharia criminal jurisdiction for the states in Malaysia. A pure legalistic study methodology of qualitative approach is used to produce this article. Data is gathered through library research and fieldwork study, which includes some semi-structured interviews with religious enforcers from the Department of Federal Territory Islamic Affairs (JAWI) and the Selangor Islamic Religious Department (JAIS) as respondents. The data were then conceptually and descriptively analyzed. This article presents a substantial justification to establish a pre-trial standard operating procedure for children in conflict with the states’ sharia criminal law in Malaysia.

KESEDIAAN MURID TINGKATAN LIMA DALAM MENJAWAB SOALAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI (KBAT) MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH

21st century education aims to produce human capital who can think at a high level in solving problems innovatively and creatively. However, Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) among form five students is still a polemic. Thus, this study is to identify the problem of students' readiness from the aspect of knowledge and attitude to answer the history HOTS question at the form five level. This study uses quantitative methods. Data was collected using a purposive sampling method (non-probability sampling). The researcher used a survey design involving 79 students who failed to answer HOTS questions in the mid-year examination at a secondary school at Bangsar Pudu Zone, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. A questionnaire instrument was used in this study. A 5-point Likert scale was used in this study. The results of the analysis show that the level of knowledge, the willingness of students to answer HOTS questions among form five students in the subject of History is at a moderately low level. This shows the level of knowledge, attitude and willingness of students to answer HOTS questions in the History subject influences each other. The implications of this study provide information to history teachers to improve the strategy of applying HOTS questions among form five students to master the skills of answering HOTS questions, hence affect the students' knowledge, attitude and readiness to HOTS questions in the subject of History. Therefore, teachers need to play a significant role in developing knowledge, attitudes and willingness to help students master the ability to answer HOTS questions in the subject of History.

The Complexities of Implementing Gazetted Fatwas in Malaysia's Federal Territories

In Malaysia, non-compliance with a fatwa constitutes a breach under Shariah criminal jurisprudence. In such violations, it is imperative to undertake appropriate enforcement measures to address and mitigate the issue effectively. However, the implementation of enforcement has many challenges. One of the main challenges in enforcing a Shariah criminal offense is to meet the elements of proof for each offense committed. This article aimed to discuss some of the challenges regarding the enforcement of fatwas in the Federal State Territory. This research adopts a qualitative methodology, employing document analysis as a primary tool for data collection. Additionally, the study utilizes interviews to gather insights about the challenges encountered in enforcing fatwas within the community. The collected data is subsequently subjected to descriptive analysis for a comprehensive understanding. The results of the study found that among the main challenges faced by the Enforcement Division of the Federal Territory Islamic Religious Department (JAWI) are the weakness in fulfilling the elements of proving the wrongdoing of the fatwa, lack of specific expertise in matters related to investigation and intelligence as well as a lack of enforcement officers. This situation significantly influences the enforcement department's capacity to implement fatwa compliance measures within this state effectively.

Knowledge and attitudes of primary care physicians regarding childhood hearing loss in Malaysia.

Childhood hearing loss is a significant health concern. Early identification and intervention are essential to maximize hearing potential and developmental outcomes, with primary care physicians (PCPs) playing a pivotal role in this process. This study aimed to assess PCPs' knowledge and attitudes toward childhood hearing loss, investigate the association between knowledge and attitudes, and examine the influence of demographic factors on PCPs' knowledge and attitudes towards childhood hearing loss. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 30 November 2017 to 30 July 2018 at three public health clinics in Malaysia, specifically in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, and Terengganu. A self-administered questionnaire assessed PCPs' knowledge of general facts, diagnosis and intervention, and risk factors for childhood hearing loss. Additionally, the questionnaire evaluated PCPS' attitudes across cognitive, affective, and behavioural domains regarding childhood hearing loss. Most participants lacked sufficient knowledge about childhood hearing loss, with 61.4% not seeing it as a major health issue. Almost half (45.9%) didn't know that children with hearing loss can succeed in regular schools, and 78% were unaware that hearing aids don't fully restore normal hearing. Participants' awareness of risk factors varied widely, ranging from 24.6% to 90.3%. Despite these knowledge gaps, participants generally had positive attitudes towards childhood hearing loss, especially in cognitive and behavioural aspects. The study found a strong positive link between knowledge and attitudes, but demographic factors didn't significantly affect them. This study highlights the urgent need to address knowledge gaps among Malaysian PCPs regarding childhood hearing loss. While these knowledge gaps exist, PCPs' positive attitudes form a foundation for developing targeted educational interventions to improve PCPs' knowledge and skills in managing childhood hearing loss. Collaborative efforts are essential to translate these findings into meaningful improvements in paediatric audiological care.

Potential of Offshore Wind Energy in Malaysia: An Investigation into Wind and Bathymetry Conditions and Site Selection

The government has set an ambitious target of renewable energy development in Malaysia. As a promising renewable energy source, wind energy plays an important role in the Malaysia renewable energy roadmap. Compared to onshore wind energy, offshore wind resources with better quality can be provided in the areas away from the coast, which has greater potential to contribute to electricity generation. Wind and bathymetry conditions are two important factors that determine the feasibility and economics of offshore wind turbines. In this paper, an investigation is conducted on wind and bathymetry conditions around Malaysia. The data source mainly originates from the Global Wind Atlas. The conditions of the coastal areas in different states and federal territories of both Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia are analysed, with a specific focus on wind speed, wind energy density, and bathymetry conditions in high-wind-speed regions. The data and survey are verified and compared with the past published literature. This paper aims to investigate the wind and bathymetry conditions around Malaysia, assess the potential of offshore wind energy, discuss the feasibility of offshore wind turbines, and provide references for offshore wind development in Malaysia.