Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution Research Articles

The state of psychological and immunological indicators in graduate students of a medical university

Training future doctors for professional practice usually entails building awareness and embracing the significant responsibility inherent in the field. This, in turn, leads to significant psycho-emotional stress by the time of graduation from academic institution. With the aim of identifying the correlation between homeostatic system indicators, a comparative analysis was conducted to characterize the immunological and psychological parameters of final-year medical university students, contingent upon their respective training programs. The study involved sixth-year students of the Therapeutic and Preventive Faculty [TPF] (29 individuals) and the Military Training Center [MTC] (34 individuals) of Rostov State Medical University, a Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education. The exclusion criteria for all participants included the presence of chronic diseases and any infectious process of any origin within three months prior to the study. The groups were similar in terms of age (23.8±1.82 and 23.9±2.2 years, respectively), gender (all male), and corresponded to health group I. Psychological evaluation was conducted employing the Spielberger–Hanin Scale to gauge levels of personal and situational anxiety. The assessment of immunological status was carried out at the Scientific Research Institute of Clinical Immunology using standard methodological approaches. Registration cards for immunopathology analysis were used to characterize health status over the year. Analysis of the obtained data from psychological questionnaires revealed that students of the Therapeutic and Preventive Faculty, compared to their counterparts from the Military Training Center, demonstrated a higher degree of situational and, particularly, personal anxiety. Differences in the immune response system between the compared groups were identified with regards to indicators that characterize both adaptive and innate immunity. These differences were expressed in a more significant number of circulating regulatory T lymphocytes, a less pronounced lytic potential of effector cells, a greater number of TLR9+ monocytes with a decrease in the proportion of cells of the monocyte series carrying HLA-DR in medical students compared to their counterparts studying in the medical service officers’ program. Thus, the period of psychological preparation in a medical university for the commencement of professional activity varies based on the characteristics of the educational process and proves to be more effective for sixth-year students of MTC. Students from the TPF exhibit more pronounced psycho-emotional stress compared to their counterparts in military medical training, leading to evident signs of immune system dysregulation. It is imperative to develop strategies for timely detection of changes in both psychological and immunological adaptive capacities.

Сравнительная оценка кормовой продуктивности чины посевной в различных эколого-географических условиях

Abstract. The article presents the results of studying the yield and quality of green mass of four varieties of domestic sowing varieties: Racheyka, Zhemchuzhina, Mramornaya and Elena. The purpose of the study is to assess the phenotypic variability of chinese varieties in terms of the duration of the growing season, yield and quality of green mass, to select genotypes that are resistant to limiting environmental factors and capable of forming consistently high feed productivity in different agroclimatic conditions. Methods. Laboratory and field research was carried out in 2022–2023 on the educational and experimental field of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Omsk State Agrarian University” (Omsk) and on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Russian Research and Design Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn (Saratov). The conditions of the growing season are close to arid ones, HTC = 0.64…1.02. In the Omsk experimental plot, the soil is meadow-chernozem medium-thick (45 cm), low-humus (3.95 % humus), semi-loam (35 % physical clay), in Saratov – southern chernozem low-humus (3.80 % humus), medium-thick (42 cm), clayed loam (43 % physical clay). The predecessor is grain crops. When conducting research, we followed the same methodology – sowing in the first ten days of May, seeding rate – 700 thousand pieces grains per hectare, plot area – 5 m2, seed placement depth – 5 cm. Results. Growing conditions have a significant impact on the variability of the duration of the growing season – 65.8 % and the level of green mass yield – 54.2 %. The variation in the parameters of the biochemical composition is largely due to the genotype of the variety – 62.1 %. Evaluation of varieties according to adaptability indicators made it possible to distribute them into groups: 1 – extensive form with very low phenotypic stability (Mramornaya); 2 – form with high phenotypic stability (Zhemchuzhina); 3 – intensive form with reduced phenotypic stability (Elena); 4 – intensive phenotypically highly stable form (Racheyka). Scientific novelty. Varieties with high phenotypic stability of feed productivity, weakly responsive to fluctuations in climatic conditions and showing low rates of yield decline under unfavorable weather factors in various regions of the country were selected.

Formation of professionally oriented lexical competence among students of non-linguistic universities in the training program «Technosphere Safety»: a case study of the English language course

Modern methods of teaching foreign languages in non-linguistic universities are determined by the need to effectively combine language and professional training that meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education (FSES HE). The key goal of this system is to develop students’ skills in understanding professionally-oriented information and developing the competence to communicate in a foreign language in professional situations.The article discusses issues related to the formation of professionally oriented lexical competence among students of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Maikop State Technological University» in the training program «Technosphere Safety». The study emphasizes the relevance of the topic, since when studying a professional foreign language it is impossible to develop lexical competence without the ability to work with thesaurus in one’s professional field.The goal of the research is to clarify the methods of developing professionally-oriented lexical competence among students of non-linguistic universities in the training program 20.03.01 «Technosphere Safety» in the process of reading texts in the specialty in English. The extent to which it is necessary to select lexical material and compile an individual thesaurus with a professional focus is assessed, which allows students to better understand professional texts, expand their vocabulary and accurately use professional terminology.Professionally oriented texts were the research material; linguistic and lexical units were analyzed, the skill of developing lexical competence among students was practiced.The research is based on complex research methods, consisting of theoretical methods (deductive analysis, method of statistical work with lexical material, comparative analysis) and empirical methods (observation method and data analysis).As a result of the research, a strategy for working on vocabulary when reading professionally oriented texts has been proposed, and the most effective exercises for developing lexical competence among students in the training program «Technosphere Safety» have been identified.Key conclusions: the formation of professionally oriented lexical competence among students of non-linguistic universities when working with foreign language texts on the topic «Technosphere Security» helps to analyze the information received and to form lexical competence and the skill of using an individual terminological thesaurus in the professional field, expanding the vocabulary in the specialty.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ШТАММОВ МОЛОЧНОКИСЛЫХ БАКТЕРИЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ ГОРСКОГО ГАУ ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ЗАМЕНИТЕЛЯ ЦЕЛЬНОГО МОЛОКА

An effective raw material for the production of probiotic products for young farm animals and poultry are whole milk replacer (WMR), which are prepared on the basis of skim milk. The work was carried out at the Research Institute of Biotechnology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Gorsky State Agrarian University. The article presents the results of using a whole milk replacer (WMR) based on skim milk fermented with strains of lactic acid microorganisms selected by the Gorsky State Agrarian University in feeding young farm animals. The increase in live weight in calves of the experimental group receiving the probiotic product was 13.3 % higher than that of their peers. Replacing 50 % of whole milk for calves with a lactobacilli preparation is an economically advantageous technique, because experimental calves consumed 11.93 % less feed units per 1 kg of gain than animals in the control group.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЛУКА МЕДВЕЖЬЕГО, ДИКОРАСТУЩЕГО В РСО-АЛАНИЯ

Nowadays research aimed at finding new natural sources of biologically active substances is becoming increasingly relevant, which is consistent with government policy in the field of healthy nutrition, preserving and strengthening public health. Plants containing valuable nutritional and biologically active substances that have antimicrobial activity and have a fungicidal effect (antifungal) are widely used in many industries and medicine. In this regard, determining the age characteristics of bear’s onion, the biochemical composition of the above-ground and underground parts and antimicrobial activity is a relevant area. The location of the research was the botanical garden and the research laboratory of the Research Institute of Biotechnology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Mountain State Agrarian University». It has been established that under cultural conditions, samples of bear’s onion go through all stages or periods of development 8-10 days earlier than in natural conditions. A. ursinum L. is an ephemeroid, early-flowering species and belongs to the group of short-vegetating plants. Young shoots contain carbohydrates, proteins, organic acids, beneficial fiber, as well as biologically active substances: carotenoids - 0.31 ± 0.01 mg/g, total flavonoids - 1.79 ± 0.26 mg/g, ascorbic acid - 150 ± 5.11 mg%. Biologically active substances included in the composition of the above-ground and underground parts of bear onions can have an inhibitory effect on the growth of test microbes. Moreover, the bulbs have a large zone of inhibition of the growth of test microbes: Pr. vulgaris and Staph. aureus relative to the aerial part and is 26-30 mm, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the aerial part of Allium ursinum relative to the test microbes is: E. coli - 22 mm, Pr. vulgaris - 25 mm; Staph. aureus - 20 mm. The results obtained provide a scientific basis for the possibility of introducing and cultivating Allium ursinum , as well as using it as a food product with a rich chemical composition and antimicrobial activity.

Картографирование почв на основе аэрофотосъемки с БПЛА

The article presents the results of research on the creation of a detailed soil map (scale 1:2500) using the example of a land plot of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Perm State Agrarian University. The purpose of the research is to improve the methodology of detailed soil mapping using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and methods of geoinformation analysis of aerial photographs. The total area of the plot is 13.4 hectares, on which a UAV survey was carried out on September 12, 2023, and a soil survey was carried out on a detailed scale from June 1 to 24, 2024. Soil mapping was carried out on the basis of field data and a digital elevation model created by photogrammetry methods based on UAV survey materials. The map creation process is automated by creating geoprocessing models in QGIS model builder. Based on the results of creating a detailed soil map, a conclusion was made about the close relationship of soils with characteristic relief elements, which are reflected in classes according to the topographic position index TPI. Keywords: UAV, GEOINFORMATIONAL MAPPING, SOIL MAP

In Memory of Sergey Andriaka

Sergey Nikolaevich Andriaka (July 14, 1958 - May 16, 2024) was a distinguished Russian watercolorist, a celebrated artist and educator, and a pivotal figure in national art education. He served as editor-in-chief and a permanent author for the scientific and methodological journal Secreta Artis. Andriaka was the driving force behind the extensive scientific, methodological, and publishing efforts of the art institutions he founded and led: the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Sergey Andriaka Academy of Watercolor and Fine Arts" and the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Education "Sergey Andriaka Specialized School of Watercolor with a Museum and Exhibition Complex".This article represents the first comprehensive effort to summarize his substantial contributions, trace his professional journey, and provide foundational information about his artistic and pedagogical career. It explores the principles underlying the School of Watercolor and the Academy of Watercolor and Fine Arts, and delves into key aspects of Anrdriaka's unique teaching methodology, particularly his multilayer watercolor technique.The article features previously unpublished materials, such as drafts of Andriaka's autobiography and personal conversations with him.

Интервью с юбиляром: доктору технических наук, профессору Киричеку Андрею Викторовичу – 60

In august 2024, the Vice-Rector of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Bryansk State Technical University, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Full Member of Tsiolkovsky Russian Academy of Cosmonautics, Corresponding Member of the Russian Engineering Academy and the Academy of Engineering Sciences of the Russian Federation Andrey Viktorovich Kirichek turns 60.

Species composition of weeds in various crop rotations of the Mari El Republic

The article presents the results of long-term experiments to determine the species composition of weed vegetation, the dynamics of weeds on crops in various crop rotations is established. In order to develop rational measures to control weeds, their species and quantitative composition were studied. The experiment was carried out on the field of the Mari Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the North–East, founded in 1996 and 1998. The duration is four rotations of six–field crop rotations. The soil is sod–podzolic medium loamy. The purpose of the work is to determine the species composition of weeds in crop rotations, to identify the influence of crop rotations, to trace the dynamics of crop contamination. The share of juvenile weeds accounts for 26 species, perennial – 10. The minimum amount of weed vegetation was noted in the III fruit–bearing crop rotation (average over the years – 49.55 pcs/m2), the maximum – in the grassy (61.15 pcs/m2). According to factor B, in all years of research on juvenile weeds, the lowest

Study of the readiness of university teachers and staff to participate in higher education development programs

Introduction. Currently, higher education is considered as one of the drivers of the socio-economic development of the country, in connection with which continuous transformations are taking place in the higher education system, management mechanisms are being formed that can ensure that the results of the activities of universities correspond to their goals, which consist not only in training highly qualified specialists, competitive in the labor market, but also in strengthening university science, including applied scientific research. Achieving these goals directly depends on the readiness of employees, primarily university teachers, to participate and actively contribute to the implementation of adopted development programs. Research aim: a study of the degree of involvement of university employees in the implementation of current trends in the development of higher education, as well as their readiness to contribute to ongoing programs within the framework of their activities. Materials and methods. A survey of university staff was conducted using a questionnaire developed by the author. The sample consisted of 100 people. The research base is the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University. The questionnaire included 22 questions related to determining the involvement of university employees in the higher education development programs it implements, as well as identifying problems that reduce their willingness to participate in these programs. Results. The survey made it possible to note the need to improve the mechanisms of coordination and involvement of university staff in order to increase the efficiency of activities in achieving development targets determined by the state. Thus, 67% of respondents named the lack of a clear and understandable strategy as the main problem in the development of higher education, and 54% drew attention to the need to improve coordination and communication between levels of higher education management. At the same time, a fairly high degree of staff readiness to take part in the higher education development programs proposed by the university management was noted. Conclusion. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that special attention should be paid to involving university staff in the development of their development strategies, stimulating their innovative activity and willingness to participate in the implementation of development programs.

Organizing activities of student associations in higher education institutions of Russia and China

Introduction. Student associations of higher education institutions contribute to successful socialization and early professionalization. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that designing educational and upbringing programs for future bachelors and masters of social work at the university, great importance is to be attached to professionally focused student associations. The study aims to develop and test the authors' practice-oriented methodology for training future specialists in social work in the context of student associations of higher education institutions using the example of Russia and China. Materials and methods. To determine the readiness of students for professional activities in the context of student associations, the authors conducted a survey based on the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Kostroma State University; it lasted from September to December 2023 and involved 1-4 year students (100 people) specializing in social work. Research methods and techniques were: content analysis of documents, frequency analysis, observation, survey, questionnaires and experience generalization. Results. The authors’ methodology for organizing student associations activities was developed; psychological and pedagogical conditions necessary for the training of future bachelors of social work were experimentally tested and clarified. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of how student associations activities in universities in Russia and China are organized. The abovementioned authors' methodology helps students form meanings and values: professional experience (23.25%); communication with friends (19.77%); social support and assistance to people in difficult life situations (15.11%); participation and organization of work forms related to professional activity (12.79%); obtaining new knowledge (9.30%), emotions (4.65%); teamwork (6.98%); visiting professionally focused institutions (3.49%). Conclusion. The ‘Social Work’ educational program includes practices of the following student associations: Abilympics, PROVICH, Studaktiv, Student Scientific Community in the Social Work Training Program ‘#SR’, and Chinese Student Association of Kostroma State University. Organizing activities of student associations is held in accordance with the following pedagogical conditions: assistance of the head of the student association in searching for variability in professional self-determination; psychological and pedagogical conditions; organizational and pedagogical conditions (external): internal environment of student association’s activities (pedagogical potential: managerial, educational, existential); the level of comfort students enjoy when working in the student association program; external environment of the student association (social partners, employers, social protection institutions, etc.); as well as internal psychological and pedagogical conditions (subjective conditions that contribute to the formation of personal psychological mechanisms of professional development).

Mastering by Students of the Secondary Vocational Education System of the Main Section “Information Modeling” of the Discipline Program “Informatics” on the Basis of the Mental Approach

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the use of the mental approach in the system of secondary vocational education when students master the main section “Information Modeling” of the discipline “Informatics”.Research methodology. The idea of the study is related to the implementation of the mental approach in the system of secondary vocational education when students master one of the main sections of the sample work program of the general educational discipline “Informatics”, compiled by the authors of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education “Institute for the Development of Professional Education”. The use of the mental approach in studying the section devoted to information modeling is implemented on the basis of its two stages: at the first stage, connections are formed between the areas of the sensory zone and their model representations, at the second stage of training, the acquired intuitive experience is systematized using the concepts and terms of the subject area “Informatics”, as well as the section “Information Modeling”. To implement the mental approach, mental electronic textbooks are used, which make it possible to present and interpret the educational material of the section in the form of three levels: figurative-visual, model and theoretical-conceptual form. To implement the form of electronic textbooks, the development of N. Pak and N. Amangazy ugly was taken as a basis, demonstrating the transformation of educational resources in favor of transformer textbooks, adapted to the needs of the secondary vocational education system.Results. Based on the application of the mental approach in the system of secondary vocational education, the content and structure of the transformer textbook for the section “Information Modeling” of the discipline “Informatics” were developed, mental schemes of the module were compiled, an approximate content of question blocks for mastering the program module was proposed.Conclusions. The application of the mental approach to the system of secondary vocational education in the mastering by students of the main section of the discipline “Informatics” “Information Modeling” contributes to increased interactivity in lectures and practical classes, the organization of control and self-control of students’ knowledge.

Increasing the milk yield in cows on corn silage and concentrates enriched with feed additive with biologically active substances

The purpose of the work was to investigate the characteristics of increasing the milk yield in cows on corn silage and concentrates enriched with a feed additive with biologically active substances. The research work was carried out at the educational and experimental farm of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University” on cows of Black-and-White breed with a milk yield of 6000–7000 kg per lactation. The cows of the control group received a farm ration consisting of 1.5–2.0 kg of brome hay, 25–27 kg of corn silage, 10–12 kg of grain mixture; the animals of the experimental group received the same feeds, but additionally a feed additive with biologically active substances. It was found that the inclusion of a feed additive with biologically active substances in the ration of cows during the fi rst 100 days of lactation helped to eliminate the deficiency of individual nutritional elements in the ration, reduced the consumption of concentrated feed and protein. It was found that enrichment of the concentrate-silage ration with the feed additive in the amount of 60 g/head/day allowed to obtain 472 kg of milk or 8.06 % more per lactation than without its use. Consumption of the feed additive with biologically active substances by cows of the experimental group led to diff erences in the digestibility coeffi cients of nutrients. Thus, the animals of the experimental group had higher digestibility coeffi cients of dry matter by 2.67 abs.%, organic matter by 2.91 abs.%, crude fi ber by 0.60 abs.% and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 3.75 abs.%, and the digestibility coeffi cient of crude protein and crude fat on the contrary was lower by 0.36 and 2.55 abs.%, respectively. Economic indicators of milk production were significantly higher in cows of the experimental group receiving the feed additive with biologically active substances.

The problem of vaping among the young population

Objective: to study the prevalence of vaping and its negative impact on the health of young people.Materials and methods: a sociological study was conducted using a voluntary anonymous survey of 430 1st–6th year students of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kaluga State University n. a. K.E. Tsiolkovsky” aged 17 to 54 years.Results: there were 102 smoking respondents (23.7%) and 328 (76.3%) non-smokers. The average age of smoking initiation was 18.2±0.4 years. The distribution by type of smoking was as follows: vaping with nicotine liquids 46%, regular nicotine cigarettes 28.5%, heated tobacco systems (sticks) 9.8%, vaping with nicotine-free liquids 6.9% and other types of smoking 8.8%. The majority of vapers surveyed, 64.8% (35 people), develop complaints (signs of lung injury associated with vaping) during or after vaping. It was found that significantly more often women noted signs of injury associated with vaping (77.2% versus 22.8% in men, p=0.0036).Conclusions: the results of the study showed that vaping is the most popular form of smoking among young people, which poses a serious threat to the health of young people.

Оценка различных форм груши кавказской (P. caucasica Fed.) для селекции на декоративность

Abstract. The article describes the results of studying the morphological features of 93 forms of P. caucasica Fed. collected in various regions of the Caucasus. The research was carried out in the collection gardens score, and samples with lower scores, but having one or more attractive decorative features. The studied samples of the Caucasian pear had valuable decorative qualities to varying degrees: narrow pyramidal crown (index 2.16) – Kasp-69-59; rounded crown (index 0.88) – 67-Chr-249, 67-B-208, Ard-69-18; large flowers – Ter-69-77, 67-Ku-139, 67-BZ-37, B-69-111, 67-BZ-67, B-69-87, Kasp-69-59; abundant flowering – P. caucasica Fed. № 2, P. caucasica Fed. №3, P. caucasica Fed. №6, B-69-88, L-69-98, L-69-101, Shali-69-36; attractive appearance of leaves, absence of fungal diseases – Arg-69-34, 67-B-190, Ur-69-1, 67-Chr-250, B-69- 78; anthocyanin integumentary coloration of fruits – P. caucasica Fed. №4 and №5, B-69-108, Kasp-69-59. Frost resistance of plants was an important feature for the use in ornamental gardening. This property was noted in the samples of P. caucasica Fed. №4, B-69-78, Ard-69-18. Samples B-69-90, B-69-78 had edible sweet fruits. Selected forms of the Caucasian pear retained their decorative properties during the growing season. The forms B69-88, B-69-78, Kasp-69-59, L-69-96, 67-Ku-127 can have the greatest value for breeding in terms of the sum of points and the presence of valuable features. Keywords: the Caucasus, the Caucasian pear, decorativeness, morphology, diversity of features, selection, breeding Financing source: The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution «Maikop State Technological University» «Assessment of various forms of Caucasian pear (P. caucasica Fed.) for breeding for decorative purposes», registration number of the scientific project: NP 8-2024 of the Maikop Experimental Station – a branch of All-Union Research Institute of Plant Breeding (VIR) in 2021-2023s in accordance with modern methods of studying and assessing the decorative properties of research objects. Twenty-two samples were identified, including those with the highest total decorative

КОМБИНИРОВАННЫЕ ТВОРОЖНО-ОВОЩНЫЕ ЗАПЕКАНКИ ИЗ МЕСТНОГО СЫРЬЯ ДЛЯ РАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПИТАНИЯ

The aim of the study is to develop a recipe for combined curd-vegetable casseroles from local raw materials with improved organoleptic and physicochemical properties. A comprehensive study was conducted that allowed theoretically and experimentally substantiating the feasibility of using turnips as a functional ingredient in the preparation of curd-vegetable casserole. The following quality indicators were studied in the experimental samples of culinary products: mass fraction of fat, protein, total sugars, ascorbic acid content; sanitary and microbiological indicators: the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM), the number of yeast and mold fungi, and coliform bacteria (BGCP). The applied research methods are the mass fraction of fats according to GOST 31902-2012, the mass fraction of protein by the Kjeldahl method according to GOST 10846-91, the mass fraction of ascorbic acid was determined by titration with a solution of sodium 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate according to GOST 24556-89, the mass fraction of sugars – by the iodometric method, by diluting the sanitary and microbiolo¬gical indicators of QMAFAnM according to GOST 10444.15-94, counting the colonies of mold fungi and yeast according to GOST 10444.12-2013 and coliform bacteria according to GOST 31747-2012. The study was carried out at the Department of Public Catering Technology and Processing of Plant Raw Materials of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "BashSAU", Republic of Bashkortostan. In the recipe for making cottage cheese and vegetable casserole, carrots were replaced with turnips in a ratio of 25 to 100 %. It was found that 100 % replacement of carrots with turnips in a culinary product improves organoleptic properties (taste, color) and physicochemical indicators (increase in vitamin C by 5.5 times). Sanitary and microbiological indicators (QMAFAnM, coliform bacteria, yeast and mold) corresponded to the required SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 standards.

Analysis of the consistency of doctors’ opinions in the assessment of dermatoscopic images of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease, keratoacanthoma and squamous cell cancer

Background. Squamous cell skin cancer (SCSC) is the most dangerous tumor of all non-melanocytic skin neoplasms due to its aggressive course with destructive growth and frequent metastasis. Another characteristic feature of SCSC is the presence of precancerous conditions such as actinic keratosis, arsenic keratosis and PUVA-keratosis. In the gradual increase in the degree of keratinocyte dysplasia to the development of invasive forms of skin malignancies, the following continuum of diseases can be distinguished: actinic keratosis — Bowen’s disease — keratoacanthoma — SCSC. Dermatoscopic signs of each of the listed nosologies can also occur in other diseases of this chain, which can complicate diagnosis and lead to erroneous patient management tactics. Aim. To determine the consistency of dermatologists’ opinions in assessing dermatoscopic images of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease, keratoacanthoma and SCSC, depending on work experience. Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Scientific and Practical Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Tumors of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution “PIMU” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Based on the literature data, we compiled a generalized list of possible dermatoscopic signs of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease, keratoacanthoma, SCSC and analyzed dermatoscopic images of 85 elements of actinic keratosis, 28 — of Bowen’s disease, 10 — of keratoacanthoma and 24 — of SCSC. 10 dermatovenerologists participated in the study, half of whom (Group 1) had experience in the field of dermatoscopy for more than 4 years, and the other half (Group 2) — for less than 4 years. Results. The study reveals statistically significant deviations in the frequencies of dermatoscopic signs between the two groups of specialists when analyzing images of actinic keratosis and Bowen’s disease. Differences in the frequency of detection of keratoacanthoma and SCSC signs between specialists with more than 4 years of experience in the field of dermatoscopy and less than 4 years’ experience have not been found. Conclusion. Taking into account the average number of signs, the statistically justified result of the analysis is the inference that the average group frequencies in Group 1 and Group 2 are equal. The conclusion is that the opinions of specialists in the field of dermatoscopy are highly consistent, regardless of work experience. This indicates the high diagnostic value of the method, despite its subjective nature.

Features of emotional burnout of a personality at various stages of subjectogenesis of young teachers

Introduction. Emotional burnout ranks third among the main causes of staff turnover in educational institutions. Pedagogical activity at all levels of education, due to its content and conditions of implementation, is stressful and vulnerable to the effects of emotional burnout. The profession of a teacher involves the performance of a large number of tasks: the organization of the educational process, educational, research, educational and methodological work. The study of the features of emotional burnout at various stages of subjectogenesis will reveal the picture of changes and the target of preventive action. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 119 teachers of higher and secondary levels of education aged 22 to 36 years, with professional experience from one year to 13 years. Of these, 64 teachers of higher education from the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the KSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and Southwestern State University and 55 teachers from the Lyceum Boarding School named after Marshal Zhukov, Secondary Secondary School No. 58 named after Major General M.V. Ovsyannikov. The study of emotional burnout of young teachers of higher education with different length of professional experience (up to 5 years, over 5 years and up to 10 years and over 10 years) was carried out using the questionnaire "Emotional burnout" (V.V. Boyko), mathematical and statistical methods of data processing (descriptive statistics, U-Manna–Whitney, the method of structural psychological analysis). The obtained results were processed using the computer program "Statistica 10.0". Results and discussion. The stages of subjectogenesis of young teachers (higher school teachers and secondary school teachers) determine emotional burnout. It has been empirically proven that the degree of integration of its structures among young teachers of higher education, in contrast to teachers of secondary schools, is maximum with a length of professional experience of up to 5 years and over 10 years. Unlike young teachers, young teachers “burn” most intensely, and those who have more than 5 years of experience, but no more than 10 years. At this stage of their subjectogenesis, the formation of all phases of emotional burnout is diagnosed and its highest level is observed. Conclusion. The identified stages of subjectogenesis can be considered as sensitive periods in the formation of professional competence of young teachers, when their personality is most susceptible to the effects of emotional burnout, and taken into account in the development of a system of preventive measures (Mental Burnout Index” scale: Xav.± σ=200.67±32.73, U= 29.00*, p= 0.0001).

Sonographic signs of abdominal neoplasms in feline uveitis

Feline uveitis is a common inflammatory disease of the vascular membrane of the eye. Damage to the uveal tract can be caused by a variety of causes, including systemic diseases, autoimmune processes, viral and bacterial infections, parasitic diseases, and oncological pathologies. Differential diagnosis of etiological factors is difficult and requires a comprehensive examination of the animal: careful collection of anamneses in order to exclude a traumatic factor, laboratory tests, serological tests to detect viral infections and parasitic infestations, visual diagnostic examination to diagnose systemic diseases and search for the oncological process. The research was conducted in 2023-2024 on the basis of the Department of Diseases of small domestic, laboratory and exotic animals, as well as the laboratory of "Oncology, Ophthalmology and Biochemistry of Animals" of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution "ROSBIOTECH". The aim of the study was to substantiate the use of sonographic and morphological research methods in the differential diagnosis of the etiology of feline uveitis. During the study, in 20.8% of cases (15 cats), sonographic examination of the abdominal cavity allowed to determine the cause of uveitis. We found: thickening of the muscular layer of the intestinal wall with partial or complete loss of layer differentiation, a local increase in the echogenicity of the surrounding adipose tissue, signs of mechanical obstruction of the proximally affected area, diffuse changes in mesenteric lymph nodes, diffuse focal changes in the liver and spleen, a volumetric neoplasm in the abdominal cavity located caudal to the right kidney, moderate nephromegaly and diffuse changes with violation of the differentiation of the cortical and cerebral layers. According to the results of morphological examination of the biopsy material, the diagnosis of large cell lymphoma was established in all cases. Uveitis in this group of cats is attributed to ophthalmopathy associated with paraneoplastic syndrome.

ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ К НЕКОТОРЫМ АНТИБИОТИКАМ КУЛЬТУР КИШЕЧНОЙ ПАЛОЧКИ

Antimicrobials including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, are medications used to prevent and treat infectious diseases in humans, animals, and plants. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria poses a major public health problem worldwide. The research was carried out in the laboratories of the Faculty of Biotechnology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Mountain State Agrarian University». The article presents the results of testing 90 Escherichia coli cultures with antibiotics isolated from the feces of healthy piglets aged 1-60 days. Before the experiment, no antibiotics were given to the pigs on the farm. The tested cultures turned out to be highly sensitive to neomycin (22.2 %), chloramphenicol (21.1 %) and monomycin (14.4 %). There was no significant difference in sensitivity to the studied antibiotics between non-agglutinable cultures and the identified serotypes of Escherichia coli “408” and “9”.