Federal Research Center Research Articles

SOCIAL MOOD OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY AS A MARKER OF SOCIO-POLITICAL CHANGES IN CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY

Based on the analysis of monitoring research data, the article proposes a view of social mood as a marker of socio-political changes, including a socio-psychological mechanism of adaptation to a traumatic period of uncertainty. Based on the data of the Institute of Socio-Political Problems of the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in comparison with the results of studies by leading analytical centers of the country, the psychological state of Russian society is characterized, in particular, the dynamics of social mood over the past three years through the prism of emotional and rational indicators: an assessment of the current situation in the country, the dynamics of social expectations, the direction of social optimism, the spectrum of the problem field of Russians, an assessment of the perception of power, political loyalty and political alienation, political participation. The mobility and variability of social mood is presented in the values of its intensity and the vector of changes. The interdependence of the tonal and subject socio-political orientation of social mood is revealed. A conclusion is made about the positive tonality and restrained right-center political orientation of the social mood of Russian society. At the same time, the accumulation in social memory of the result of reflexive orientation toward social changes forms in the mass consciousness a potential source of both obstacles and opportunities for the transformation of social memory. The question is raised about the direction of such transformation, about the possible mutual influence of social mood, socio-political practices, changes in the structure of social memory depending on the socio-political context and time.

Influence of a New Generation Fungicide on Fusarium Head Blight in Spring Barley

Fusarium head blight is a serious problem in both traditional and intensive agriculture. The way to solve this problem is to use combined systemic fungicides. We therefore studied the effect of the new-generation fungicides Alto Super and KE (Propiconazole 250 g/l and Ciproconazole 80 g/l) combined with the foliar fertilizer Ultramag Super Sulphur-900. Laboratory studies were carried out at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of the People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), and field experiments were carried out in 2022 at the experimental field station of the Federal Research Centre "Nemchinovka." Fusarium head blight appeared in late July and early August. The application of the new-generation fungicide Alto Super, KE, alone and in combination with the new foliar fertilizer Ultramag Super Sulphur considerably reduced the development of the epiphytotic fungal disease. Their biological efficacy was 44.53–83.36%. The yield of Nur Spring barley in the experimental variants was higher than in the control variant. The yield gain of spring barley increased by 5.85% for Alto Super, KE, 9.40% for Ultramag Super Sulphur-900, and 12.85% for Alto Super, KE, and Ultramag Super Sulphur-900.

New Cydia pomonella granulovirus strain with high entomopathogenic activity.

We report a genome of CpGV from the bioresource collection of the Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection "State Collection of Entomoacariphages and Microorganisms." Its sequence is 123,862 bp. The genome under study demonstrates a degree of similarity of more than 99% with reference NC_002816 from the NCBI RefSeq database.

Идентификация гаплотипов фертильности крупного рогатого скота

Abstract. An analysis of the reproduction rates of modern Holstein cattle populations has shown that one of the key factors influencing the decline in the reproductive qualities of cows are genetic factors. In recent decades, a large amount of data has accumulated on the presence in the genome of recessive mutations in the DNA sequence, which in the homozygous state reduce the reproductive functions of animals, causing embryonic mortality. The use of a limited number of outstanding sire bulls for artificial insemination has reduced the original genetic diversity. In this regard, the identification and determination of fertility haplotypes in populations has recently become an integral part of breeding work with cattle. Genotyping of 584 heads of Holstein cattle from 2 farms in the Sverdlovsk region was carried out in order to identify heterozygous carriers of anomalies: HH0 (FANCI), HH1 (APAF1), HH3 (SMC2), HH4 (GART), HH5 (TFB1M), HH6 (SDE2), HH7 (CENPU), HHB (ITGB2, BLAD), HHC (SLC35A3, CVM), RABGGTB, RNF20 and TTF1. The scientific novelty lies in determining the frequency of occurrence of fertility haplotypes that have not previously been studied in the Sverdlovsk region. The purpose of the study is to determine the frequency of occurrence of fertility haplotypes of Holstein cattle in populations of the Sverdlovsk region. Research methods. To diagnose mutations, we used test systems developed in the Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Breeding, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics of Animals, L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center. Results. The number of fertility haplotypes in the studied herds differed not only in the frequency of occurrence of the defect, but also in the number of types of detected haplotypes. In the population of “Kamenskoye” JSC, the largest number of animals were carriers of fertility haplotypes HH4 and HH3 with a carriage frequency of 1.891 and 1.412 %, respectively; the educational and experimental farm identified the largest number of haplotypes HH3 and HH6 with a carriage frequency of 4.082 %.

Влияние биологических регуляторов роста на содержание фотосинтетических пигментов Campanula alliariifolia

Abstract. The purpose is to study the effectiveness of the action of the natural signaling molecule salicylic acid (SA) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs) on the ratio of photosynthetic pigments (PhSP) in plant materials (leaves) of Campanula alliariifolia Willd. and its decorativeness. Methods. Using spectrophotometric techniques, an analysis was carried out of the dynamics of the content of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) under the influence of a strain of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, isolated at the Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ufa) from the arable soil layer of the Republic of Bashkortostan, and its combination with salicylic acid during the growing season. Scientific novelty. The influence of the B. subtilis strain separately and together with salicylic acid on the physiological parameters and decorative properties of Campanula alliariifolia in the conditions of the Bashkir Cis-Ural was studied. Results. The content and ratio of PhSP in dynamics (phases of budding, flowering and fruiting) were analyzed. It was revealed that inoculation of C. alliariifolia plants with Bacillus subtilis significantly increases the amount of carotenoids during the flowering phase. During the fruiting phase, the maximum content of PhSP was noted in the Bs + SA variant of the experiment. Two-factor analysis of variance showed that the significant influence of factor A (vegetation phase), factor B (different experimental options), and the degree of total influence of two factors (A × B) on the content of PhSP in samples of campanula leaves is statistically significant for the studied indicators. It was found that inoculation with the B. subtilis strain maximized indicators such as the abundance of flowering and the density of bellflower inflorescences, thereby improving the decorativeness of C. alliariifolia in the conditions of the Bashkir Cis-Ural.

Биопрепараты как факторы повышения продуктивности сои

Abstract. In 2021–2023, in the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia – Alania, research was carried out on the use of biological products (growth regulator “Giberelon” and microfertilizer “Ul’tramag Kombi”) on soybean crops of Vilana, Irbis, Vita varieties. The purpose of the work is to improve the technology of soybean cultivation, aimed at improving productivity and grain quality through the use of biological products. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the foothill zone of the republic, the influence of biologics (growth regulator and micronutrients) on photosynthetic activity, the size and quality of soybean crops of various ripeness was studied. Methods. The object of research was three high-yielding soybean varieties - Vilana, Irbis, Vita (breeding of the Federal Research Center of the V. S. Pustovoit Research Institute of Oilseeds). Among the biological products used were "Giberelon" (70 g/ha), a plant growth stimulator based on gibberellic acids; "Ultramag Combi" (2 l/ha) – a concentrated complex micronutrient for leafy top dressing of cereals. Observations and records were carried out according to generally accepted methods of field experience. Results. It has been established that the use of biological products “Giberelon” and “Ul’tramag Kombi” increases the symbiotic activity of soybeans and the amount of fixed nitrogen in the air. During the growing season, the largest number of active nodules were formed in plots where plants were treated with “Ul’tramag Kombi” microfertilizer. With the use of “Ul’tramag Kombi” microfertilizer, the mass of nodules also increased by 18.7–19.9 g compared to the control. The biological products used stimulated plant growth, where the highest plant height was noted for varieties ranging from 79.1–115.1 cm. The yield of soybean crops using the growth regulator “Giberelon” (with an application rate of 70 g/ha) increased by 0.13–0.25 t/ha, with the use of “Ul’tramag Kombi” microfertilizer (with an application rate of 2 l/ha) – by 0.28–0.47 t/ha. The average level of profitability for all studied varieties of experimental variants was 65.25 %, which is 28.75 % higher than the control variants.

Study of the influence of hybrid filler on the strain sensitivity of nanocomposite material

The reflector of spacecraft is in operation in an open and folded position, so an urgent task is to develop strain gauges that determine the position of the reflector. The paper presents a study of the influence of a hybrid filler on the value of the strain resistance coefficient of a flexible strain-resistive element made of a nanocomposite material and describes the technological process of its manufacture using the vacuum infusion method. As a hybrid filler, a composition was used containing an electrically conductive component (carbon nanotubes) and a solid component (silicon carbide), which promotes uniform distribution of the filler in the polymer matrix. Using the rotational rheometer, the content of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was determined at which the limiting level of viscosity for impregnation of glass fiber with a binder is achieved. The distribution features of the filler in the nanocomposite material were studied using a scanning electron microscope at the Krasnoyarsk Regional Center for Collective Use of the Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS. In the course of the work, the influence of the content of the hybrid filler on the tensoresistive properties of the nanocomposite material was determined. The maximum values of the tensor resistance coefficient were observed at the initial stage of the study (stretching 0.05 %): with a stretch of 0.1 mm with a total length of 200 mm for samples of nanocomposite material with a SiC hybrid filler of 1, 5 and 10 % and is 38, 40 and 40 The tensoresistance coefficient of nanocomposite material samples containing 1, 5 and 10 % SiC hybrid filler at maximum stretch (1 %) is about 19, 21 and 22, respectively.

Establishment of breeding research of the genus Citrus in the subtropics of the Russian Black Sea coast

The article briefly describes the history behind the creation of the Sochi Agricultural and Horticultural Experimental Station (now known as the Federal Research Center ‘the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences’), as well as the techniques and methods of breeding research to create new varieties of the genus Citrus. A brief biography of the breeder Fyodor Zorin (1904-1967) is presented, as well as the varieties of citrus crops created by him. The article tells the story behind the Friendship Tree, its importance in promoting the ideas of peace and friendship of peoples, and how it became a unique botanical garden.

Nomenclatural standards of spring barley cultivars bred by the Volga Scientific Research Institute of Selection and Seed-Growing named after P.N. Konstantinov

The article discusses the cultivars of spring two-row barley ‘Povolzhsky 22’, ‘Povolzhsky 49’, ‘Povolzhsky Yantar’, and ‘Povolzhsky Priz’ bred by the Volga Scientific Research Institute of Selection and Seed-Growing named after P.N. Konstantinov, a branch of the Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article describes the morphological, biological and economic characteristics of the cultivars. To prepare herbarium specimens of nomenclatural standards, plant material of cultivars ‘Povolzhsky 22’, ‘Povolzhsky 49’, and ‘Povolzhsky Yantar’ was used. These cultivars are represented by one herbarium sheet each and duplicated by 2, 1 and 3 sheets, respectively. A herbarium specimen of cultivar ‘Povolzhsky Priz’ has also been prepared, although State Variety Testing of the cultivar was not completed in 2023. This herbarium specimen will be registered as the nomenclatural standard of the cultivar when the latter will be included in the State Register.All herbarium specimens include whole plants at the milky ripeness stage, ears at the waxy ripeness stage, and grain samples. Appropriate plants were collected in Pushkin, in the fields of the “Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR” (St. Petersburg), and ears and grains were obtained from the Volga Scientific Research Institute of Selection and Seed-Growing named after P.N. Konstantinov (Samara Province).All materials used for preparing herbarium specimens of a cultivar are the offspring of plants obtained as a result of individual family selection. Herbarium specimens of nomenclatural standards, their duplicates and herbarium specimens of cultivar ‘Povolzhsky Priz’ were prepared in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), registered in the VIR Herbarium database and transferred to the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, their Wild Relatives and Weeds (WIR) at the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources.

RICD: Russian Intensive Care Dataset

In the era of healthcare digital transformation, the scientific community faces the need for structured and available datasets for research and technological projects in the field of artificial intelligence, related to the development of new diagnostic and treatment methods.Objective: to develop a dataset containing anonymized medical data of all patients treated at the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology (FRCCR), and provide access for doctors and scientists of FRCCR and other centers to structured patient data for subsequent analysis and research. Materials and Methods. The FRCCR medical information system and the tools «Asclepius», PL/SQL, Microsoft Office Excel, Power Query M, Microsoft PowerBI, Open data editor, and Python were used for data collection and representation. To provide open access to the dataset and protect the personal data of patients, the information was anonymized.Results. We introduce the RICD (Russian Intensive Care Dataset, https://fnkcrr-database.ru/) — the first dataset of intensive care patients in the Russian Federation, developed at FRCCR based on advanced principles and methods used in international open database projects — «eICU Program» from Philips Healthcare, «MIMIC-IV», and «MIMIC-III». The developed dataset contains information on 7,730 hospitalizations of 5,115 patients (including readmissions), covering data from 3,291 hospitalizations in the intensive care units (ICUs). The total number of records in the RICD exceeds 14 million. The RICD presents medical-anthropometric data, patient movement within the institution, diagnoses, information on therapy provided, results of laboratory tests, scale assessments, and outcomes of hospitalization. RICD also contains data on several vital parameters collected from bedside monitors and other equipment of ICUs, with up to 10 evaluations per hour.Conclusion. The RICD allows for in-depth analysis and research of clinical practices in intensive care, enabling the development of clinical decision support tools and the application of machine learning methods to enhance diagnostic tools and improve patient outcomes. With its accessibility and detailed data structure, the dataset serves as a valuable tool for both scientific research and practical applications in intensive care.

Features of Bearing on Underwater Object Using Phase Information of a Differential Stereo Sensor

Introduction. Safety of navigation and development of underwater mineral deposits require the accurate detection of various underwater objects. The literature discusses the issues of tracking their motion and trajectory. Sonar methods are proposed to maintain high accuracy of underwater object positioning. High accuracy of the bearing of stereo sensors with an ultrashort base is noted. However, this equipment is sensitive to the sampling rate of the signals, which causes “sampling noise”. There are no publicly available publications dedicated to the solution to this problem. The presented study is designed to fill this gap. This work is aimed to study the possibility of obtaining data clarifying information about the bearing of underwater objects through using the phase information about echoed probing signals and an additional procedure for resampling the source data.Materials and Methods. The location of the object was determined using the experimental complex for studying hydroacoustic sensors created by V.A. Shirokov and V.N. Milich at the Udmurt Federal Research Center, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A stereo sensor with a small base (30 mm) was used compared to the distance to the object (≈800–900 mm). Digital filtering methods and mathematical apparatus of correlation analysis of return hydroacoustic signals obtained by the phase method were used for data processing.Results. The results of comparing two methods for determining the bearing on an object are presented: by the difference in the time of arrival of the pulse-leading edges and by the maximum of the cross-correlation function (CCF). The change in bearing as the object moves, is graphically shown. The use of the leading edge of the signal caused small outliers of values along the entire bearing curve (less than 0.12 rad). At the maximum CCF, emissions were recorded only in some areas, but they were quite significant (about 0.17 rad). It showed how to select points corresponding to a smoother and more valid object trajectory, and how to work with erroneous points. The presented method of error correction can be implemented programmatically. With a quasi-harmonious signal, rare measurements of the original signal are interpolated by frequent calculated values. Thanks to this virtual increase in the sampling rate (oversampling), intermediate indicators can be recorded in the digitized source data. Interpolation of the signal values by a cubic spline allowed us to obtain 20 points for 1 period of the signal instead of 5 points in the original version. In this case, the trajectory formed with the maximum CCF is more correct.Discussion and Conclusion. The direction-finding problem can be solved with the accuracy required for practical application. Taking into account the factor of smoothness and continuity of the object's trajectory makes it possible to qualitatively correct the selection of the maximum of the cross-correlation function of the stereo sensor signals. The proposed methods have great potential for the development of underwater vision systems.

CLARIFICATION TO "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF CHERRY SEEDLINGS WITH DRIP IRRIGATION" DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-1-722

Nikolskaya O.A., Semenchenko E.V., Solonkin A.V. Comparative Analysis of Indicators of Economic Efficiency of Cultivation of Cherry Seedlings with Drip Irrigation. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 102-118. DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-1-722 The authors clarify the source of funding: The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of research work of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences № 122020100448-6 “Creation of new competitive forms, varieties and hybrids of cultivated, woody and shrub plants with high productivity, quality and increased resistance to adverse environmental factors, new innovative technologies in seed and nursery production taking into account varietal characteristics and soil and climatic conditions of arid territories of the Russian Federation” The original article can be found under DOI: https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-1-722

Построение онтологии для систематизации характеристик сети Интернета вещей

A formalization of the Internet of Things network model designed for monitoring technological premises with tele-communications equipment at the Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center SB RAS" is presented. The network includes measuring devices, a telecommunications environment, data collection servers, and application soft-ware. For information interaction, a “publisher-subscriber” scheme and a lightweight protocol with a low load on com-munication channels are used. An ontology has been created that describes the network architecture and the properties of devices that collect, transmit, store, and process data. The ontology contains classes representing the concepts of the subject area, relationships, data properties, ranges of their changes, and critical values that limit the attributes of ontol-ogy elements. Ontology objects have their own digital representation in databases, including measurement results ob-tained by Internet of Things network sensors, precedents of anomalous data, and their statistical and frequency char-acteristics. This formalization made it possible to identify implicit dependencies between objects, connect them with the characteristics of processes observed by Internet of Things network devices, and solve practical tasks. The problem of selecting characteristics that influence changes in information interaction patterns is considered. A survey of experts was carried out, and a Kano model was built to prioritize the characteristics that influence decision-making on the or-ganization of an information interaction scheme in the Internet of Things network.

НЕОБЫЧНЫЕ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ АДДУКТА МИХАЭЛЯ ЛЕВОГЛЮКОЗЕНОНА И ЦИКЛОГЕКСАНОНА

Academician Genrikh Alexandrovich Tolstikov is a unique personality, a world-class scientist. During the years of his work as director of Institute of Organic Chemistry of the USC RAS (now the Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences), new scientific directions were opened that are relevant and continue to this day. Research using sugars and anhydrous sugars, in particular, levoglucosane in the synthesis of prostaglandins and other bioactive structures, originates in the laboratory for the synthesis of low molecular weight bioregulators under the direction of prof. M.S. Miftakhov. After the creation of the laboratory for the synthesis of secondary metabolites (now the laboratory of pharmacophore cyclic systems) under the guidance of prof. Valeev F.A. Since the 90 s to the present, scientific research has been successfully conducted on the use of levoglucosenone and its derivatives in the synthesis of natural biologically active compounds and their analogues. Levoglucosenone attracted the attention of researches due to its availability and reactive, chiral structure. Its solubility in all organic solvents, and even in water, makes it a unique starting compound for organic synthesis. When describing the chemical behavior of levoglucosenone, it is important to note that many of its transformations proceed in a nontrivial manner and lead to unexpected products, which makes levoglucosenone an even more interesting object for study. Moreover, it turned out that the chemical transformations of its derivatives, in particular the Michael adducts of levoglucosenone and cycloalkanones, turned out to be even more unpredictable. This article is devoted to consideration of aspects of these transformations. Thus, it was found that two keto groups in the Michael adduct of levoglucosenone and cyclohexanone are not equivalent, the keto group of the carbohydrate fragment is more reactive. At the same time, when searching for the possibility of implementing intramolecular aldol condensation, it was unexpectedly found that the keto group of the carbohydrate fragment remains inert. Intramolecular carbocyclization could only be carried out in the Michael adduct of levoglucosenone and cyclododecanone. Based on the Michael adduct of levoglucosenone and cyclohexanone, a ten-membered lactone annelated with a carbohydrate fragment was synthesized. The problem of introducing substituents into the lactone cycle and modifying the carbohydrate part of the resulting lactone has been solved. On the basis of this adduct, an analog of the natural lactone, foracantholide, was synthesized. All results presented in the article include research conducted in our laboratory from 2014 to the present day.

СЛУЖЕНИЕ НАУКЕ «ИСТОРИЯ»

The article is devoted to the life and scientific work of the famous scientist historian Vladimir Petrovich Ivankov, who worked for many years at the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Bashkir Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the UFIC RAS) as the head of the sector of the history of Soviet society, who will turn 105 years old on May 27, 2024. He lived a difficult life, but full of important and turning points in his life. The article draws on unique sources deposited in the scientist’s personal collection in the Scientific Archive of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. First of all, these are his personal files, which contain documents relating to his work at the institute. Of no small importance are the published prospectuses of generalizing collective works preparing for scientific development, where V.P. Ivankov is listed as a member of the team of authors as a scientific supervisor or executive editor. Some documents from the personal fund of the famous scientist R.G. were used. Kuzeev in the Scientific Archive of the UFIC RAS, which contained information about the preparation of a collective work on the history of the BASSR, which was subsequently entrusted to V.P. Ivankova. Vladimir Petrovich Ivankov receives a historical education at the Udmurt Pedagogical Institute. He begins his career in schools in Izhevsk. After graduating from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, he worked in the party bodies of Udmurtia. In the early 1950s. studies at the Academy of Social Sciences, where he defends his Ph.D. thesis. In 1957 he was transferred to Bashkiria, where he worked at the regional party school as head of the department of history of the CPSU, then at BSU. Despite his busy schedule, he devoted a lot of time to scientific work, an interest in which began in his student years, and continued at the Academy while preparing his dissertation. While still in Udmurtia, he participated in the development of the history of the local party organization and the preparation of documentary collections. In Bashkiria, he was involved in writing general works on regional history. From September 1963 to November 1983 all further life and scientific activity of V.P. Ivankova was associated with the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Bashkir Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Having headed the sector of the history of Soviet society, he took on the difficult tasks of writing the third volume of a collective work on the history of the BASSR, the history of the party organization of the republic. The tasks set by the executive editor were completed in a timely manner and successfully, summarizing works were published, which became an important result of the research activities of the scientist and the institute itself.

АГРОЛАНДШАФТНО-ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ КОРМОВЫХ ЭКОСИСТЕМ РОССИЙСКОЙ АРКТИКИ

The key principle of the Arctic development should be nature-saving nature management. The agro-landscape-ecological zoning of the Far North fodder ecosystems developed at the V.R. Williams Federal Research Centre for Forage Production and Agroecology is aimed at this very goal. About 90 % of Murmansk District is occupied by reindeer pastures, in some places disturbed as a result of their irrational use by reindeer herders, mining, construction, and transport; the ecological state of the territory is tense. In Yamal District, reindeer pastures occupy 65 % of the area; the ecological state of the ecosystems is tense or even critical in some places. The area of lichen tundras has decreased by 3,5-4 times, total fodder reserves in lichen-moss tundras, in those areas where they are still preserved, have decreased by 3-10 times. The total reserves of green grass fodder and shrubs has decreased by 1.5-2 and 2-8 times, respectively. Desertification of highlands (bare sands occupied about 6 %) and waterlogging of lowland areas is going on. Technogenic impact on tundra ecosystems disturbs soil and vegetation cover, hydrological regime. Waterlogging of lowlands due to thermoerosion is starting. It is necessary to find compromises between economy, ecology, social and national interests.

Assessment of the resistance to lodging of spring triticale based on the study of physical and mechanical properties

The results of the study of architectonics and physical and mechanical properties of the stems of selective forms of spring hexaploid triticale of different ecological and geographical origin are presented. Traits of 19 collection and breeding samples from the collections of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Selection - branch of the Federal Research Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SibNIIRS – branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) served as research objects. Macrometric parameters were studied on 25 representative specimens of each breeding sample when they reached the phase of full ripeness during three years (2021–2023). The resistance of the stem to bending or fracture was determined on an experimental specimen manufactured at the SibNIIRS with a stable platform, bars for fixing the specimen and a slot for placing a dynamometer. The susceptibility of triticale plants to lodging was evaluated by a set of traits: weight of a 10-cm straw of the 2nd internode; stem resistance to breaking determined by the peak reading of an electronic dynamometer; stem tissue density of the 2nd internode. The studied samples differed significantly in these parameters and were characterized by different degrees of the resistance to lodging. Promising breeding specimens that can be used as sources of valuable traits have been identified based on the totality of the strength parameters. Application of the principal component method allowed to identify the marker trait "sum of lengths of the 2nd and 3rd internodes", which was determinant in providing high lodging resistance in the studied samples. A close relationship between the trait of 10-cm straw mass of the 2nd internode and the parameter of the stem resistance to breakage has been established. The conjugation of these characteristics will make it possible to identify the sources of valuable traits and purposefully carry out the selection process of triticale for resistance to lodging without attracting short-stemmed forms.

Оценка эффективности фитодобавки из астрагала нутового в составе концентратной части рациона сельскохозяйственной птицы

The article presents the main results of feeding phytoadditive of Astragalus chickpea to egglaying poultry in order to improve metabolic processes and increase productivity. The research was carried out in 2022 at the Perm Research Institute of Agriculture, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The fundamental task of agriculture in Russia is to increase the volumes of livestock production. The use of supplements consisting of local plant resources, such as Astragalus chickpea feed supplement, which has a high content of various biologically active substances, may be a good option for providing the necessary nutrients to poultry.The tested feed phytoadditive has a positive effect on indicators such as egg production, egg laying intensity, egg weight, amount of carotenoids and egg shell thickness. The study is aimed at the possibility of including a feed additive in the composition of poultry feed under conditions of intensified production. When introducing a phytonutrient feed additive into the main diet of laying hens, the following results were obtained: the ratio of protein mass to yolk mass in the second experimental group indicates an increase in the proportion of yolk in the egg composition by 1.25% compared to the control group, a higher content of carotene in the feed mixture, which affected its content in eggs (by 1.9% and 7.0%, respectively, compared to the control group). An increase in shell weight was noted due to an increase in its thickness by 0,34% in eggs from chickens of the second experimental group compared to the control group.

Comparative analysis of the photosynthetic potential of new spring barley varieties in the arid climate zone of the Lower Volga region

Since the climatic conditions have become more arid in the Southern Federal District over the past thirty years, spring barley productivity has sharply reduced. According to the early research and data on meteorological forecasts, in 2022–2023 in the Gorodishchensky district of the Volgograd region there was established an experimental plot based on the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of RAS to test such spring barley varieties as ‘Medikum 139’ (standard, FRC of Agroecology of RAS), ‘Ratnik’, ‘Fedos’, ‘Format’, ‘Azimuth’ ‘Shchedry’, ‘Leon’ (FSBRI “ARC “Donskoy”). These varieties were selected based on their characteristics as the most resistant to abiotic stress factors of the environment. All records and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. During the vegetation period, there were carried out observations and there were taken samples to study photosynthetic indicators in the sprouting, tillering, booting, heading stages. There was also carried out leaf diagnostics by the mobile laboratory «Ecotest-2020» to identify the mobility of chloroplasts and nutrients in plants during the tillering period. There was established that the spring barley varieties ‘Azimut’, ‘Format’, ‘Shchedry’ and ‘Leon’ showed the highest adaptability to the acutely arid conditions of the Volgograd region. Based on the analyzed traits of photosynthetic activity, the variety ‘Azimut’ has been included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation for the Lower Volga region since 2022.

Molecules secreted by visceral adipocytes in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and insulin resistance

Aim. To study the association of adipocytokine levels with insulin resistance (IR) and stable/unstable plaques in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.Material and methods. This cross-sectional observational study included 109 men aged 38-79 years with class II-III stable angina pectoris without acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with coronary atherosclerosis verified by coronary angiography. Biochemical tests were carried out using the enzymatic method on a Konelab 30i analyzer at the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemical and Hormonal Studies of Internal Diseases of the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics. All patients also underwent anthropometric examination.Results. Patients with coronary atherosclerosis and IR had higher levels of GIP by 1,4 times (p=0,005), GLP-1 by 1,7 times (p=0,032), IL-6 by 3,2 times (p=0,017), leptin by 2,3 times (p=0,001) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) by 1,9 times (p=0,006). In patients with stable plaques and IR, leptin was 2 times higher, and PP was 1,7 times higher, compared to patients without IR. In patients with unstable plaques and IR, leptin and PP levels are 5,1 and 1,7 times higher, respectively, compared to the group of patients without IR. In patients with IR and stable plaques, PYY was 1,5 times higher than in patients with IR and unstable plaques, while the adiponectin level was 1,9 times higher. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that PP is associated with IR in patients with unstable plaques.Conclusion. Patients with coronary atherosclerosis and IR had higher levels of GIP, GLP-1, IL-6, leptin and PP. Leptin and PP levels are higher in patients with both stable and unstable plaques and IR, and PYY and adiponectin levels are higher in patients with stable plaques and IR compared with patients without IR. PP is associated with IR in patients with unstable plaques.