Federal National Research Articles

Teaching business foreign language communication in master's courses at railway transport university

The paper explains the necessity of new professional training requirements. The role of foreign languages at higher educational institutions is emphasized, which is reflected in the Federal National education standards. The paper dwells upon approaches and peculiarities of developing a competence-based model of teaching business foreign language communication to postgraduate students of the railway transport university. The paper gives examples of tasks and teaching technologies, used by the author in the process of implementing the teaching programmes for postgraduate students of the railway transport university. The above-mentioned model is viewed as a complex of linguistic, communicative, culturological, psychological and professional components. The characteristic features of teaching a foreign language to postgraduate students of technical universities are researched. The grounds for using an interdisciplinary approach in teaching a foreign language for business communication are considered. The interdisciplinary approach allows to integrate students knowledge and skills acquired in the process of studying other subjects and to successfully implement them in mastering a foreign language and developing a competence in business foreign language communication. The paper gives an overview of the study guides developed by teachers of Foreign Languages Department of the Rostov State Transport University for postgraduate students majoring in technical subjects. The perspectives of further research are defined.

РОССИЙСКАЯ АРМИЯ, МЧС И РОСГВАРДИЯ В АРКТИКЕ: ВОПРОСЫ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА

РОССИЙСКАЯ АРМИЯ, МЧС И РОСГВАРДИЯ В АРКТИКЕ: ВОПРОСЫ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА

367 Regulating Livestock Waste in Nebraska – a Brief Overview.

The Department of Environmental Quality (Department) is tasked with regulating livestock waste control facilities in the state of Nebraska. The purpose of the Livestock Waste Management Act, the primary enabling legislation behind Title 130, Livestock Waste Control Regulations, is to protect waters of the state from being negatively impacted by livestock waste. The Department oversees both the state Construction and Operating Permit program and the federal National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting program via delegation by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The Department seeks voluntary compliance from livestock producers and promotes engagement with the general public through educational outreach and the solicitation of public comments regarding permitting decisions. The Department faces a number of challenges in accomplishing these tasks including: public perceptions and misconceptions of the beneficial use of manure; a lack of understanding of the regulations that are in place and the requirements placed on the livestock industry; changes in production practices that have improved nutrient retention; and emerging practices that have yet to be addressed by current regulations.

ФОРМЫ И МЕТОДЫ УЧАСТИЯ ЧАСТНЫХ ОХРАННИКОВ И ДОБРОВОЛЬНЫХ НАРОДНЫХ ДРУЖИН В ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИИ НЕЗАКОННОМУ ОБОРОТУ ОРУЖИЯ

In this study, the issues of the state of counteraction of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation to illegal trafficking in weapons, explosives and ammunition at the present stage are considered. Given the meetings directions of heads of divisions of law-enforcement agencies, Federal National Guard Troops Service, Federal Security Service, Public Prosecution Office, Security Council of the Russian Federation on the specified question. Noted the importance of prevention in this area of work, based on the past redundancy of personnel of the MIA of Russia and increasing the role of the public (voluntary people's patrol, private security company) in security issues. Among other things, were touched upon the issues of the negative impact of the global Internet network on the spread of illegal methods of manufacturing of weapons, ammunition and explosives. Presented the statistical data on detection and suppression of crimes under articles 222–226 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The purposes, causes and conditions of illegal arms trafficking, as well as the composition of criminal acts related to this type of illegal acts are considered, the gaps in the current legislation are pointed out. Examples of control preventive measures and their results are given. Particular attention is paid to the forms and methods of participation of private security guards and members of voluntary people's patrol in the prevention, prevention and suppression of the spread of illegal weapons, ammunition and explosives, as well as reducing the risk of accidents, crimes related to the use of socially dangerous objects and substances.

Leadership in Sustainability a Case Study: Green Globe Certification and Financing and the Impact on a Multifamily Property's Rate of Return

Environmental sustainability in real estate continues to be of interest, and various government incentives have emerged to encourage investment in sustainability efforts. In this detailed case study, we examine one incentive, the Federal National Mortgage Association's (Fannie Mae) Green Initiative and Green Globes certification, as applied to a newly constructed multifamily complex. Using a discounted cash flow model with several scenarios, the after-tax returns for the multifamily project are examined. In this case study, we analyze the initiative's impact on the project, showing the effects of the lower financing costs. The conclusion is that in addition to societal benefits, lower operating costs, and higher rents, the rate of return can be higher for properties that utilize Green Globe's special financing.

Biotreatment of effluent from 'Adire' textile factories in Ibadan, Nigeria.

In this present study, bacteria were isolated from wastewater and polluted soil collected from two cottage textile factories in Ibadan. These bacteria isolates were used for the biotreatment of textile mill effluent. The physicochemical parameters of the textile mill effluent before treatment were carried out and percentage decolourisation of the effluent was analysed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis technique). The degradation products of the textile mill effluent characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The pH values of the effluent were within the permissible limit of Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), while temperature and electric conductivity of the effluents were below the permissible limit of FEPA and NESREA. The BOD, COD, TSS, TDS and chloride of the textile mill effluent from the two cottage textile factories were above the permissible limits of FEPA and NESREA. Twelve bacteria isolates were screened, effective in decolourising commercial dyes and used to decolourise the textile mill effluent. The bacteria isolates were characterised and identified as Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Erwinia sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Nocardia sp. The decolourisation of textile effluent was observed through the changes of spectra of UV-visible spectrophotometer. The following bacteria revealed different percentage proportion of decolouration profile:- Bacillus sp., had the highest percentage decolourisation of 57.7%, whereas Micrococcus sp. and Acinetobacter sp. had percentage decolourisation of 32.8 and 26.3%, respectively. The degradation profile of textile effluent was revealed through FTIR spectral analysis. The changes in the position of major peaks revealed from the textile effluent through FTIR spectral analysis, appearances of new peaks and the disappearances of existing peaks signify the degradation of the wastewater. Thus, some native microorganisms from the textile effluent could be enhanced to effectively degrade effluent from such environments.

Incrementalismo presupuestal en México: Un análisis de los programas presupuestarios del PEF 2010-2015

En este artículo se analizan los programas Presupuestarios de 43 Ramos del Presupuesto de Egresos de la Federación (PEF) en México en el periodo 2010-2015. El propósito es conocer más sobre la política pública por ramo en nuestro país vía el análisis de la inercia presupuestaria. Lo anterior se lleva a cabo mediante tres aproximaciones. 1. La identificación del número de programas nuevos que genera cada Ramo anualmente. 2. El análisis del presupuesto asignado a estos nuevos programas cada año. 3. La variación total del presupuesto por ramo año con año con base en el criterio Le Loup y Moreland (1978). Entre los aspectos a destacar, los cinco más importantes son: que los ramos más incrementales son también los que concentran la parte más importante del presupuesto en México; segundo, la inercia que se observa en el presupuesto destinado a la salud, sobre todo en el IMSS, el ISSSTE y Aportaciones a Seguridad Social; tercero, la inercia que se observa en el presupuesto de las entidades de control directo y empresas estatales; cuarto, la innovación que se observa en las áreas del presupuesto relacionadas con temas de educación, medio ambiente y territorio y; finalmente, la ausencia de un rediseño de los programas presupuestarios de los ramos vinculado con resultados de evaluación y satisfacción de los usuarios con los servicios.

Nitrogen and phosphorus mass balance, retention and uptake in six plant species grown in stormwater bioretention microcosms

Stormwater runoff contains high levels of nutrients, and is regulated by the Federal National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to protect surface water quality. Stormwater bioretention (BR) systems are increasingly used to address these regulations. Planted BR systems remove significantly more pollutants than unplanted systems, but most studies do not attempt to verify a pollutant mass balance and seldom evaluate differences in nutrient uptake among species. This greenhouse experiment proved that an overall 98% recovery of Total Phosphorus (TP) mass over the study period was feasible for six plant species, ensuring accuracy of measurements and analyses. Additionally, it was found that Phragmites australis, Carex praegracilis, and Carex microptera uptake significantly more TP and Total Nitrogen (TN) mass into harvestable tissue than Typha latifolia, Scirpus validus, and Scirpus acutus. These results confirm that species selection can optimize nutrient retention and recovery from stormwater and decrease pollutant discharge to surface waters.

Federal Coercion and National Constitutional Identity in the United States 1776-1861

This article examines the development of the federal coercion power of the U.S. government during the period from the Declaration of Independence to the Civil War. Although unhappy with the states’ defiance of federal requisitions, the Founders agreed at the Constitutional Convention that the national government should not have the power to coerce individual states militarily to force them into compliance with federal law. Instead, a federal judiciary was created to uphold the supremacy of the Constitution. As part of the new constitutional makeup, the federal government now had the power to coerce individuals, rendering the coercion of states unnecessary. However, in the pre-Civil War era, federal law was frequently disregarded by certain states. The question hence became whether the federal government could de facto coerce states by coercing individuals. These debates intensified during the South Carolina Nullification Crisis, and culminated on the eve of the Civil War, as the southern states declared their intent to secede from the Union. These multiple instances of state defiance and the eventual use of federal coercive force consolidated the new constitutional arrangement. The emergence of a distinctly national constitutional identity thus paralleled the evolution of the federal power of coercion.

Government-Backed Mortgage Insurance Promoted a Speedier Recovery from the Great Recession

The United Sates government has a long history of involvement in mortgage finance. During the 1930s, the government created the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB), the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae). In this note, we estimate how the intensity of GSE, FHA, PLS, and portfolio exposures influence the state of the real economy across counties.

Pedagogical Maintenance of Future Teachers’ Practice-oriented Training

In modern world momentous events took place in the field of education due to the general processes of globalization and democratization. The European Higher Education Open Space was created. Through understanding of shared values and belonging to a common social and cultural space “A Europe of Knowledge” became not only an irreplaceable factor for social and human development, but a necessary component to consolidate and enrich the European citizenship. At the same time, education in Russia is also going through a difficult period of reassessment of social, moral and cultural values, and defines a new vector of the theoretical and practical orientation of the future teacher’s training. The refusal of knowledge-paradigm is taking place; this paradigm was lying for many years at the heart of the Russian fundamental education and was unable to solve the problem of the separating knowledge from skills to apply them. The current social situation has caused an acute shortage of qualified practice-oriented staff experienced by the real economy in spite of the large number of specialists with higher education. One of the causes resulting in the crisis of the traditional paradigm is the rapid information obsolescence which led to a change in a key orientation of education: from “teacher’s translating the required stock of knowledge to the students” to “education throughout life” (lifelong learning). In addition, the labor market was in need for not the knowledge as such, but the specialist’s ability to acquire and put it into practice by performing certain professional and social functions. That is why in today’s society there is a need for teachers of the new sociocultural type, capable of ensuring the training of professionals of another level (practitioners rather than theorists). The innovative style of the scientific and pedagogical thinking, the willingness to take creative solutions and create new values, the individual style of pedagogical activity, capacity for reflection, the need for continuous self-education and commitment thereto must be integral features of the modern teacher. According to the provisions of the Federal National Educational Standards of basic general education, the transition from subject-based learning to learning implementing a system-activity approach involving the training of students for professional and social life is required. In this regard, one of the important issues of the would-be teacher training in Russia is the lack of their practical preparation for professional activities. The article describes the experience of Elabuga Institute of Kazan (Volga) Federal University on the implementation of the model for updating the content of pedagogical cycle disciplines, and enhancing their practical orientation. The author, one of the developers of the content module “Disciplines of professional cycle of basic educational program: design and implementation of educational processes”, presented the experience of its approbation.

Hackers strike out: Recent cases of alleged sports analytics IP theft

This article discusses recent cases of alleged misappropriation, infringement, and/or theft of sports analytics intellectual property. First, it discusses the federal court case National Football Scouting v. Rang and analyzes the copyright and trade secret disputes at issue in that case. Second, it discusses the recent hacking of and theft from the Houston Astros’ proprietary database and analyzes the potential legal ramifications of the same under trade secret law and the federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

Determinants of UAE Voters’ Preferences for Federal National Council Candidates

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the voting behavior in United Arab Emirates by asking 1,800 citizens about which criteria they used to vote for a particular candidate in the past Federal National Council elections. Using descriptive statistics, the study showed that although patron‐client networks played a role in voter's preferences — as existing literature about Middle East voters’ behavior has established — they were superseded by personal attributes and the impact of candidates’ campaigns. Emiratis voted for candidates based on three groups of factors, namely: 1) personal characteristics of the candidate including: public speaking skills, political experience, age, gender and educational level; 2) impact of a candidate's campaign including electoral promises and content of the campaign; and 3) patron‐client networks including having personal and kinship relationship with candidate. The study showed that religious, political, and personal appearance factors were insignificant.

Marfan syndrome database information unreliable for diagnoses.

Marfan syndrome database information unreliable for diagnoses.

The Rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

The imposition of federal conservatorships on September 6, 2008, at the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation—commonly known as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac—was one of the most dramatic events of the financial crisis. These two government-sponsored enterprises play a central role in the US housing finance system, and at the start of their conservatorships held or guaranteed about $5.2 trillion of home mortgage debt. The two firms were often cited as shining examples of public-private partnerships—that is, the harnessing of private capital to advance the social goal of expanding homeownership. But in reality, the hybrid structures of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were destined to fail at some point, owing to their singular exposure to residential real estate and moral hazard incentives emanating from the implicit guarantee of their liabilities. We describe the financial distress experienced by the two firms, the events that led the federal government to take dramatic action in an effort to stabilize housing and financial markets, and the various resolution options available to US policymakers at the time; and we evaluate the success of the choice of conservatorship in terms of its effects on financial markets and financial stability, on mortgage supply, and on the financial position of the two firms themselves. Conservatorship achieved its key short-run goals of stabilizing mortgage markets and promoting financial stability during a period of extreme stress. However, conservatorship was intended to be a temporary fix, not a long-term solution, and more than six years later, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac still remain in conservatorship.

Will Heat of Debate Thaw Latest Freeze on Gain-of-Function Viral Research?

Last October, the White House imposed a “pause” on gain-of-function (GoF) research involving the influenza and two coronaviruses, SARS and MERS, pending a two-part review of safety and security concerns that is aimed at developing a new policy for dealing with such research. One part of that review continues within the federal National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB), while the second part took place more publicly last December during the symposium “Potential Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research,” convened by the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C. This latter phase apparently helped persuade officials late in December to exempt some MERS projects from the pause, which otherwise remains in effect.

Pricing Flood Insurance: How and Why the NFIP Differs from a Private Insurance Company

Flood insurance in the United States is offered through the federal National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). After going deeply into debt following the 2005 hurricane season, pricing in the program has been the subject of debate and two reform bills. Private sector insurance pricing has often been used as a benchmark in these discussions. In this paper, we explain NFIP pricing in the context of actuarial pricing principles, clarify why some polices are priced below what is considered to be the full risk rate, and explain how and, more importantly, why NFIP pricing practices differ from the private sector. NFIP pricing has incorporated other program goals that are at times at odds with the ability to cover all payouts for insured losses without taxpayer support. These multiple programmatic goals make the private sector a questionable analog for the NFIP.

Aircraft dose-response research in National Park backcountry areas

The Federal Aviation Administration and National Park Service conducted joint research to better understand visitor response to noise from commercial air tour operations over units of the National Park System. Dose-response research in National Parks was conducted during the 1990’s at heavily visited, frontcountry sites. To expand this work, aircraft dose-response measurements were recently performed at seven backcountry sites in four National Parks. These sites provided both day and overnight hiking and camping opportunities, with visits ranging from one hour to several days. The sampling approach included side-by-side use of three survey instruments, enabling the evaluation of multiple response variables (annoyance, interference with natural quiet, and acceptability) and comparison of audio clip and in situ dose-response, along with the effects of wording and question order. The evaluation of visits longer than previously studied necessitated methodological enhancements including the use of global positioning system based tracking of visitor locations. In total, over 4600 visitor surveys and 50 days of simultaneous acoustic data were collected. This paper, the first of two on this research, describes the research methods and visitor surveys and presents summary results of collected data.

HHS Rule: Clinicians Do Not Have to Report Patients to Background Check System

The proposed regulations should not inhibit those who need mental health care from seeking it.

Some important problems on training of bachelors and master’s degrees at the teacher training university in multi-level education system

The paper studies the problems of “bachelors” and “masters” degrees training at the teacher training university under conditions of conversion to multi-level higher education system; the requirements for multi-level higher pedagogic education system are specified; the description of nonlinear system of training organization are given; the directions to change the technology of “bachelors” and “masters” studies are mentioned; the questions to be included in the course “The Maths’ theory and teaching methods” and related to the implementation of new Federal National educational standards are specified.