Federal Medical Biological Agency Research Articles

Center for Medical and Evacuation Support of State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency: Status and Development Prospects.

Center for Medical and Evacuation Support of State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency: Status and Development Prospects.

Our experience in the treatment of congenital nasal median heterotopias in children and an overview of various treatment tactics

Yo consider the clinical picture, methods of radiation diagnosis and to study the surgical results of a dermoid cyst of the nose according to the literature. A retrospective review of medical histories with the diagnosis of "Dermoid cyst of the back of the nose and nasal cavity, epidermal cyst of the back of the nose, glioma, encephalocele" was conducted from 2017 to 2022 in the Pediatric Otorhinolaryngological Department of the National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia. The case histories were analyzed by the nature of the lesion, the imaging techniques performed, the course of the operation and the results obtained. A total of 16 medical histories were analyzed, the average age was 4.5 years (range 10 months - 15 years), over the past 5 years with a diagnosis of "Dermoid cyst of the nasal dorsum and nasal cavity, glioma, epidermal cyst of the nasal dorsum, encephalocele". All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative period, 14 patients also underwent computed tomography (CT). Of these, 7 had a confirmed dermoid cyst with a fistula, 3 patients without a fistula, 3 patients had glioma, and 1 had encephalocele, 2 patients had an epidermoid cyst. A fistulous opening of the dermoid cyst of the nasal dorsum and nasal cavity was observed in the upper third of the nasal dorsum in 3 children, in the middle third in 2 patients and in the lower third in 2 children. The article presents a scheme for the characteristics of the lesion and the tactics of surgical treatment in comparison with the data of foreign authors. Intraoperatively, intracranial spread occurred in 6 patients. Various surgical approaches for intracranial proliferation and a corresponding literature review are also presented. Catamnestic follow-up ranged from 1 to 5 years (on average, 3.5 years), no relapses or postoperative complications were noted. Nasal median heterotopias are a rare congenital anomaly. Preoperative preparation should include CT and MRI to assess the lesion and exclude intracranial spread. The surgical approach depended directly on the localization of heterotopia and its spread. All patients had a good cosmetic result after the surgical treatment performed by us according to the author's method.

Blood flow reconstruction in portal vein anatomical variations in right lobe living donor liver transplantation

Background. Adequate restoration of blood flow through the portal vein in the graft is only possible with a clear understanding of its anatomy in the donor.The aim was to describe new and extend current data on the portal vein anatomy in a donor of the right liver lobe, to describe variants and formulate principles of portal reconstruction in right lobe living donor liver transplantation.Material and methods. 306 living donor liver transplantations were performed from 2009 to 2021 in the State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The vascular anatomy of 518 potential donors was analyzed. Portal vein variants of the anatomy of right lobe graft were assessed.Results. Nine types and 3 subtypes of portal vein branching were evaluated. A, B, C, D, E types match the types described earlier in Nakamura classification. Subtypes B1, B2 и D1 are specifications of types B and D. Types F, G, H, I have been described additionally. The incidence of types and subtypes where reconstruction was made: type A (82%), B (4.6%), B1 (3.9%), B2 (1.3%), C (3.9%), D (3.9%). The incidence of E, G, H, I types among 518 potential donors was 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.2%, 0.4%, respectively. The recipient portal vein complications were detected in 12 cases (3.9%), where 3(25%) were Class 3b according to Clavien-Dindo and 9(75%) of Clavien-Dindo Class 2. There were no correlations between portal vein complications and the method of portal vein reconstruction. (p<0.05). No complications occurred with portal vein in donors.Conclusion. The existing classification of right liver graft portal vein has been updated and detailed. A certain way of reconstruction has been proposed for each portal vein type. Anatomical types in which donation and transplantation are contraindicated have been specified.

Treatment of patients with major burn injury in the Burn Unit, Far Eastern District Medical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Russia

The present study involves an analysis of treatment results of the severe burn patients of the Burn Unit, Far Eastern District Medical Center in 2020–2022. The paper describes a clinical case of comprehensive intensive treatment of a patient with major burn injury (80% body surface area burned). The study indicates a vital importance of the fastest evacuation of severely burned patients to a special care unit and adequate intensive therapy to be carried out during transportation. This enables an invasive surgical approach to be adopted, including effective early removal of necrotic tissues, leading to a reduction in the number of complications and improvement of treatment outcomes. The recovery of patients with major burn injury highly correlates with total availability of medication and instruments, individual management of patients, and active rehabilitation measures.

Genetic Variants Associated with Bronchial Asthma Specific to the Population of the Russian Federation.

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a disease that still lacks an exhaustive treatment protocol. In this regard, the global medical community pays special attention to the genetic prerequisites for the occurrence of this disease. Therefore, the search for the genetic polymorphisms underlying bronchial asthma has expanded considerably. As the present study progressed, a significant amount of scientific medical literature was analyzed and 167 genes reported to be associated with the development of bronchial asthma were identified. A group of participants (n = 7,303) who had voluntarily provided their biomaterial (venous blood) to be used in the research conducted by the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia was formed to subsequently perform a bioinformatic verification of known associations and search for new ones. This group of participants was divided into four cohorts, including two sex-distinct cohorts of individuals with a history of asthma and two sex-distinct cohorts of apparently healthy individuals. A search for polymorphisms was made in each cohort among the selected genes, and genetic variants were identified whose difference in occurrence in the different cohorts was statistically significant (significance level less than 0.0001). The study revealed 11 polymorphisms that affect the development of asthma: four genetic variants (rs869106717, rs1461555098, rs189649077, and rs1199362453), which are more common in men with bronchial asthma compared to apparently healthy men; five genetic variants (rs1923038536, rs181066119, rs143247175, rs140597386, and rs762042586), which are more common in women with bronchial asthma compared to apparently healthy women; and two genetic variants (rs1219244986 and rs2291651) that are rare in women with a history of asthma.

The introduction of Laboratory testing for anti-HBcore in blood donors

Introduction. The introduction of screening testing for antibodies to the hepatitis B virus nuclear antigen (anti-HBcore) is designed to prevent the procurement of donated blood from individuals with the latent (occult) form of viral hepatitis B, in which surface HBsAg is not identified.Aim – to evaluate the frequency of anti-HBcore markers’ occurrence in donors under the current regulatory and legal framework.Materials and methods. This retrospective observational study was conducted with a follow-up period of one year among blood donors of the Blood Center (BC) of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency. The screening study for anti-HBcore in blood donors and its components was selective in accordance with the requirements of Appendix № 4 of Order № 1166n of October 28, 2020 of the Ministry of Health of Russia.Results. During the study period, the BC was visited by 17,180 donors who donated blood and its components 35,840 times. There were 181 anti-HBcore tests (0.5 % of all blood samples) in 178 unique donors of blood and blood components (1.03 % of all donors). There were 14 positive, 2 questionable and 166 negative results on anti-HBcore tests. The probability of finding a positive result depending on the conditions was 9 % (7.3–14.7 %). There were no statistically significant differences in the detection of anti-HBcore in primary versus regular donors (OR = 2.539; 95% CI: 0.7321–8; p = 0.13), as well as for male donors compared with female donors (OR = 2.448; 95% CI: 0.7141–11.11; p = 0.17). 86.7 % of donors with a positive test for anti-HBcore previously had no signs of viral hepatitis B disease, the presence of questionable HBsAg was not detected, i. e. these cases may be associated with an occult form. Donors who did not previously have questionable results for various bloodborne infections during their donor career had a slightly higher probability of detecting a positive anti-HBcore test compared to donors who previously had these questionable results (OR = 1.24; 95% CI”: 0.42–3.69; p = 0.69). During the period of the donor career, 233 donations of blood and its components were made by donors with a positive result for anti-HBcore, 468 units of donor components were received, of which 365 units were given to medical institutions.Conclusion. The probability of obtaining a positive test for anti-HBcore in the current regulatory environment is random and does not depend on the results of other infectious markers testing. It is recommended to perform anti-HBcore testing with each donation of blood and blood components.

Functional and oncological results of endolaryngeal laser resections of squamous-cell carcinomas of the voice box

Introduction. Treatment with the initial stage of the disease causes a high need for the use of organ-preserving treatment methods, which are actively developing and improving. One of the modern and promising methods is endolaryngeal resection of the larynx.Aim. To evaluate oncological effectiveness and functional results of endolaryngeal laser resections in cancers of the voice box.Materials and methods. The study included 139 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the voice box between the ages of 26 and 81 years who received treatment at the Department of Head and Neck Oncology of the federal medicalBiological Agency of the Russian federation between 2015 and 2020. All patients underwent standard examination to diagnose oncological diseases and were diagnosed in accordance with the Tumor, Node and metastasis (TNm) international system. In 90 (64.7 %) of 139 patients, squamous-cell laryngeal cancer T1N0m0 was diagnosed, in 49 (35.3 %) patients – T2N0m0. All patients underwent surgical treatment in the form of endolaryngeal laser resection according to the plan developed during an oncological council.Results. After endolaryngeal laser resections, 3-year recurrence-free survival for cancer of the voice box, stages т1 and т2, was 92 and 84.2 % respectively. Temporary disruption of separating function of the larynx in patients with stage T2N0m0 was observed in 6.1 % cases, decreased vocal function in 100 % of cases, granuloma formation in the postoperative period in 19.4 % of cases, formation of a scar narrowing the laryngeal lumen in 4.3 % of cases.Conclusion. High 3-year recurrence-free survival as well as small percentage of postoperative complications and severe functional abnormalities show high effectiveness of endolaryngeal laser resections in treatment of cancer of the voice box and recommend this technique for active use in daily practice of head and neck tumor specialists.

SWOT-анализ организации антидопинговых мероприятий при проведении медико-биологического обеспечения спортсменов

The anti-doping efforts on the part of medics should be constantly improved, which means the exploration and analysis of ways to increase the effectiveness of such efforts should be constant. SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) is one of such ways. It investigates internal problems and resources of an organization and the influence of external factors. This study aimed to improve the anti-doping efforts based on the analysis of their strengths and weaknesses, taking into account external threats and directions of development. We have conducted an express SWOT analysis of anti-doping work in medical organizations of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia and compiled a simple matrix. The factors under consideration are internal, which can be controlled, and external, which are often uncontrollable but should be accounted for. We identified the most significant factors influencing organization of this line of work, compiled the SWOT matrix that allows assessing the possible resources for intensifying the anti-doping work, determined its strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities imposed by the environment in this activity takes place in. The express SWOT analysis enabled evaluation of the factors that have the greatest impact on the organization of anti-doping work. Informational and educational programs, including workshops for medics and monitoring of their level of knowledge, can be the key line of activity in the context of such efforts.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПЕРСОНАЛА ОБЪЕКТОВ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АТОМНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

The relationship between the employee’s level of health and his professional reliability is currently obvious and does not require additional evidence. The implementation of measures aimed at reducing the risks of emergency situations caused by the human factor at nuclear energy facilities is an important element of the radiation protection system. In order to achieve the above-mentioned goals of the organization, in accordance with Federal Law № 170-FZ of 21.11.1995, the performance of certain types of work in the field of atomic energy use requires special permits from Rostechnadzor. A prerequisite for obtaining such a permit for a specialist is the absence of psychophysiological contraindications based on the results of a psychophysiological examination. This study analyzes the results of psychophysiological examinations of employees of nuclear energy facilities conducted by specialists of the State Research Center – A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency in 2020 and 2021.

Five-year experience in providing infectious safety of donor blood and its components gained by the blood center of the RT Federal medical-biological agency

Screening technologies aimed at identifying such transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) as hepatitis B and C, HIV-1,2 and syphilis have been developing and this has resulted in increased safety of applied hemotherapy. Our research goal was to analyze detection of infectious markers in donors of the FMBA Blood Center over five years. We examined 167,389 samples of donor blood taken from 53,093 donors of blood and its components by the FMBA Blood Center over the period from 2015 to 2019. Over the whole analyzed period, we detected 1453 infectious-positive samples taken from 1235 donors. Average long-term quantity of detected hepatitis C markers equaled 78.6 ± 9.4; hepatitis B, 49.8 ± 8.2; syphilis, 66.2 ± 16.8; HIV, 52.8 ± 13.2. We also analyzed detected of TTI markers in long-term dynamics and established an ascending trend in a number of syphilis markers (the growth rate was 3.2), hepatitis B (the growth rate was 2.5), and a descending trend in hepatitis C markers (the decrease rate was 3.3) as well as HIV markers (the decrease rate was 1.7). This decrease rate in detection of HIV markers (fall by 1.7) occurred both among first-time and regular donors. At the same time, we revealed growing detection of syphilis markers both among first-time donors where it grew by 3.6 and among regular ones, by 1.4. Frequency of infection markers was higher among first-time donors than among regular ones as per syphilis markers, 2.351 (95 % CI: 1.862–2.938), p < 0.00001; hepatitis B markers, 2.111 (95 % CI: 1.622–2.763), p < 0.00001; hepatitis C markers, 2.107 (95 % CI: 1.708–2.609), p < 0.00001; and HIV, 2.471 (95 % CI: 1.9–3.238), p < 0.00001. Over the last 5 years, there was a descending trend in detection of transfusion transmissible infections among donors regarding HIV and viral hepatitis C excluding tests aimed at detecting syphilis and viral hepatitis B markers.

Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency — history, present, perspectives.

Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие «Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» Федерального медико-биологического агентства (ФГУП «НИИ ГПЭЧ» ФМБА России) — многопрофильное предприятие, одна из ведущих организаций в области медико-гигиенического сопровождения химических производств, диагностики, профилактики и лечения профессионально обусловленных заболеваний, гигиены окружающей среды, гигиены труда, организации здравоохранения.

Organization of a system of medical evacuation support for victims in emergency situations at facilities and territories serviced by the of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia in the Arctic Zone: status, problematic issues, solutions

Relevance. Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation in the framework of the implementation of the provisions of the Presidential Decree No 645 of 26.10.2020 “On the Development Strategy of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and ensuring national security until 2035” obliges to develop and to thoroughly improve the organization of medical and evacuation support of permanent and visiting population as well as of temporarily working personnel of this territory, in emergencies of different genesis.Intention. To elaborate and to substantiate the proposals on further improvement of the system of medical and evacuation support for the victims of emergencies in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation.Methodology. Normative and methodical documents regulating the organization of medical and evacuation support of the victims of emergencies in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, results of interdepartmental experimental research training carried out in 2021, actual data on the capabilities of medical and evacuation support by medical treatment organizations in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation have been analyzed.Results and Discussion. Analysis of the current interdepartmental system of medical and evacuation support of the victims of emergencies in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation revealed typical conditions influencing its further development, which include: imperfect legislative base regulating the procedure of involvement of interdepartmental medical forces and assets for organization of medical and evacuation support of victims in emergencies; considerable distance between island and continental parts of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, between seaports and large settlements with medical treatment organizations, between facilities with high risks of emergencies; extreme natural and climatic factors; underdeveloped transport communications — a network of airfields and airstrips, railways and roads, which are usually impassable for conventional ambulance transport; huge distances to economically developed areas of the continental part of the country, where specialized medical centers are located.The article presents the substantiated proposals for further improvement of organization of medical and evacuation support for the victims of emergencies in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation; for creation and involvement of mobile medical units; for development of the medical evacuation system, including sanitary aviation, and of its material and technical base, of robotic modules of medical evacuation; for training of medical personnel for the work in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. The authors formulated the main directions of the development of interdepartmental cooperation within the framework of the All-Russian Disaster Medicine Service for further improvement of the medical evacuation support for the victims of emergencies in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation.

Features of consequences of local radiation injuries of varying severity

Relevance. The active development of nuclear and radiation technologies and, as a result, the significant use of ionizing radiation sources in many spheres of life (national economy, science, technology, medicine, etc.) has led to a significant increase in the group of people in contact with ionizing radiation, and, accordingly, to an increase in the risk of abnormal and emergency situations with an increase in the number of victims of radiation. In the clinic of human radiation pathology, local radiation injuries are much more common than other acute radiation injuries. Intention. To determine rates of long-term radiobiological effects in patients with local radiation injuries of varying severity who underwent inpatient treatment in the Clinic of the State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. Methodology. Rates of the consequences of local radiation lesions of varying severity were assessed based on the medical records of 146 patients who were affected by radiation accidents from 1950 to 2013 and underwent inpatient treatment in the Clinic of the State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency during the aftermath. Results and Discussion. Rates of long-term consequences were assessed depending on severity, location and size of local radiation injuries. Degrees of severity determine typical “clinical portraits” of the radiobiological consequences of local radiation injuries. Conclusion. Information about specific rates of long-term consequences of local radiation injuries can be used by healthcare professionals who care of patients affected by radiation accidents when determining adequate treatment and rehabilitation tactics for maximum preservation of working capacity in the period of consequences.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Еarly Medical Rehabilitation of Patients with Cerebral Stroke

Carrying out resuscitation procedures in the intensive care unit (ICU) aimed at maintaining and restoring the patient’s vital functions, the use of specialized resuscitation equipment and bed rest simultaneously lead to aggravation of the patient’s condition. The consequences of being in the ICU may also include the development of the post-intensive care syndrome (PIT syndrome), the prevention of which is the main goal of early rehabilitation with the participation of the multidisciplinary rehabilitation team of specialists (MDRT) led by a physical and rehabilitation medicine physician. Specialized medical rehabilitation carried out by MDRT is extremely beneficial for all neurological conditions, resulting in substantial savings in ongoing care costs, especially for ICU patients. The foreign and domestic research experience indicates a reduction in healthcare costs when introducing early rehabilitation in the ICU by reducing the duration of the patient’s stay in the expensive round-the-clock bed and lowering the patient’s home care costs or continuing rehabilitation activities at the second and third stages, as well as saving precious time for effective recovery of the developed functional deficits. It may seem that rehabilitation in the ICU with the participation of MDRT is more expensive than the work of one department doctor and a nurse. However, this article provides evidence of the economic efficiency of the MDRT work on the analysis of the results of the pilot project “Development of the Medical Rehabilitation System in the Russian Federation”, as well as the analysis of clinical cases of the Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia. So, in the absence of early rehabilitation in the ICU, the patient’s stay is delayed and the number of re-hospitalizations to the unit increases. Thus, the results of early medical rehabilitation will have a direct impact on reducing the costs associated with bed-days reducing, providing patient’s care, changing the working life of relatives, pensions of patients and their caregivers.

Методы произвольной саморегуляции у мужчин с различным уровнем физической активности

This study is a part of the multipurpose research of the employees of the Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology Federal State Unitary Enterprise, Federal Medical Biological Agency 2019-2020, dedicated to the problem of psychophysiological responses under cognitive stress in young men with different levels of physical activity. The article gives a detailed description of the selected groups of men, which are has differences in the level of physical activity, as a consequence of the evaluated psychophysiological responses in the conditions caused by the emotional strain. The results of the evaluation of the psychological state, the use of methods of arbitrary self-regulation, the physical possibilities of carrying the load of aerobic power, the purposes of daily physical activity and its intensity are presented. The study used tests «Feeling, activity, mood», «Integrative Test of Anxiety»; questionnaire «Methods of Selection of Self-regulation Methods at the Examination»; Tests for the Treadmill «Intertrack-750»; questionnaires. The results of assessing the use of methods of arbitrary self-regulation, goals of daily physical activity and its intensity, psychological state, physical capabilities of aerobic power load tolerance are presented. Participants in sports professions are more likely to engage in arbitrary self-regulation. Physical education practitioners use different self-regulation methods less frequently, mostly using methods such as status analysis, self-suggestion and the inclusion of logical thinking. Persons without physical activity are distinguished from professional athletes by a marked disregard for the methods of presenting a good outcome of a situation and providing support to a close person (by 24.4% and 33.8%, respectively).

Radiation doses to the population of the Russian Federation in 2020

The article presents estimates of radiation doses of technogenic exposure to personnel and the public due to the normal operation of radiation facilities, exposure to the public due to natural sources and technogenically altered radiation environment, and medical exposure of patients. The doses values were obtained using the Unified System of Individual Dose Control of the Russian Federation citizens for 2020. The authors have analyzed the data contained in the forms of state statistical observation No. 1-DOZ, No. 2-DOZ, No. 3-DOZ and No. 4-DOZ for 2020 submitted by the organizations and territories, the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision of which was carried out by Rospotrebnadzor and Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia. In the article also were used data obtained within the framework of Radiation-Hygiene Passportization. In 2020, 19 737 organizations dealing with technogenic sources of ionizing radiation submitted forms No. 1-DOZ with the information on the doses to personnel with a total number of 230 318 persons, of which 230 318 persons belonged to the personnel group A and 21 303 persons belonged to the personnel group B. For these groups, the doses were assessed based on results of individual dosimetric control. In 2020, according to Unified System of Individual Dose Control of the Russian Federation citizens data, the average individual annual effective dose of technogenic exposure to the personnel group A was 1.11 mSv, and for the personnel group B it was 0.63 mSv. In 2020, 6 cases of exceeding the average annual effective dose limit (20 mSv) for Group A personnel and 18 cases of exceeding the average annual effective dose limit (5 mSv) for Group B personnel were registered. The total number of X-ray and radiological diagnostic procedures performed in the Russian Federation in 2020 exceeded 275.4 million, or 1.83 procedures per a citizen. The average annual effective dose of medical radiation exposure per one resident of Russia in 2020 was 0.81 mSv, and per procedure – 0.44 mSv. The average annual effective dose of radiation to residents of the Russian Federation from natural sources, according to all measurements for the period from 2001 to 2020, was 3.36 mSv. More than 59% of this dose is associated with the inhalation of radon and its progenies. The average individual annual effective radiation dose to residents the Russian Federation subjects in 2020 ranged from 2.47 mSv (Kamchatka Krai) to 9.06 mSv (Altai Republic) with an average value for the Russian Federation of 4.18 mSv. For eight subjects of the Russian Federation, the average individual annual effective dose to public in 2020 exceeded 5 mSv: the Republics of Buryatia (5.31 mSv), Altai (9.06 mSv), Tyva (6.31 mSv), Magadan (5.07 mSv) and Irkutsk (6.13 mSv) regions, Stavropol (6.31 mSv) and Zabaykalsky (8.19 mSv) krai and the Evreiskaya Autonomous oblast (6.77 mSv).

Treatment forms of house dust mites allergens intended for allergen-specific immunological therapy

BACKGROUND: The growth of allergic diseases dictates the necessity to develop new forms of therapeutic allergens since therapy with native water-salt extracts of allergens is unsafe and convenient. The risk of systemic side effects during allergen-specific immunotherapy sets the task for researchers to create modern therapeutic forms of allergens with high immunogenic and low allergenic activity. Our laboratory has been developing preparations for the diagnosis and treatment of house dust mites allergies for many years.
 AIMS: To create modern therapeutic forms of allergen preparations from house dust mites of the genus Dermatophagoides that are intended for allergen-specific immunotherapy
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Physicochemical and immunobiological methods, such as electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, micropoint immunoblot, solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the reaction of binding inhibition of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in the sera of patients were used to study the obtained preparations.
 RESULTS: A technology has been developed to obtain a granular dosage form of a mixed allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae mites for sublingual use. This treatment form has successfully passed preclinical tests, has a pronounced immunogenic activity, and reduced allergenicity, and is convenient for pediatric practice. Allergoids, which are chemically modified preparations, are obtained to reduce allergenicity and increase therapeutic allergen immunogenicity. A succinylated monomeric house dust mites allergoid Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was created and studied with the National Research Center, Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia. The study of the immunobiological properties of the obtained preparation showed that the monomeric allergoid has increased immunogenic and decreased allergenic activity contrary to the native water-salt extract.
 CONCLUSIONS: The created forms of mite allergens can be used to treat patients who are sensitized to house dust mites of the genus Dermatophagoides after clinical trials.

Эпидемиология онкологических заболеваний в Нижегородской области в 2017–2019 годах

As we know, neoplasms are characterized by high prevalence. The purpose of this study was to analyse the dynamics of cancers in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Materials and methods. The object of this research were the residents of the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod Region who sought medical help at Polyclinic No. 3 of the Volga District Medical Centre, Russia’s Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Nizhny Novgorod). Computed tomography was used to diagnose neoplasms. Results. In 2017, 50,470 diseases were identified, of which 2548 were neoplasms (599 malignant, and the rest benign). In 2018, 57,012 diseases were diagnosed, of which 2710 neoplasms, 639 being malignant. In 2019, the statistics was rather similar: a total of 55,110 diseases, of which 2705 neoplasms (661 malignant). Thus, the total number of diagnosed diseases, neoplasms included, was somewhat less in 2017, which can be explained by certain improvement in diagnostics and reporting, as well as a more active participation of the population in screening in 2018–2019. The absolute number of malignant neoplasms, although not much, still grows annually, and they are typically diagnosed after the age of 55–60 years. In general, the most often attacked is the digestive system, which is indicated by a steady increase in the number of new diagnoses by 1.5–2 % each year. Fortunately, there is also a positive trend, i.e. the number of malignant tumours of the excretory system, skin and female repr oductive system is falling. For citation: Saburtsev S.A., Chemodanov P.G. Epidemiology of Oncological Diseases in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 417–425. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z079

Federal medical biological agency of Russia's efforts to support Russian athletes during COVID-19 outbreak.

This paper dwells upon COVID-19-related efforts of the Center for Sports Medicine, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia. The Agency has the following precautions in place: regular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of athletes and staff; double PCR testing before going to training camps or medical examinations; isolating athletes and their traceable contacts when COVID is suspected; observation and isolation wards set up at training camp venues. Athlete vaccination has begun. Athletes are provided online advice on health, diet, and exercising plus special care for chronically ill athletes and remote psychological counseling. Athletes recovering from COVID-19 are offered rehabilitation programs and doctor-supervised return to training. Specialists of the Research Department at FMBA’s Center for Sports Medicine carried out a research dedicated to the prevalence of COVID-19 and different variants of its course in Russian athletes. The study period lasted from March to December 2020. A total of 27,438 records were analyzed. In May, June, July and August 2020, the percentage of positive PCR tests for athletes was significantly lower than the nationwide percentage at p < 0.05, Pearson’s chi-squared test. However, the differences were nullified by September–October. The disease was mild or asymptomatic in most patients. Athletes of summer sports were found to be most likely to contract COVID-19.

Allergic disorders in children living in different climatic and oecological areas of the Kaliningrad region

The immune system responsible for genetic stability of internal environment, with its exceptional sensitivity, may provide biological indexes which reflect impact of various environmental (biotic and abiotic) factors, i.e., serve as an indicator system in the areas of environmental well-being and distress. A series of studies on the influence of climatic and environmental factors on immune reactivity states demonstrated that the immune system is also sensitive to both natural and industrial factors (chemical and physical). Apparently, this is due to formation of a population-based immunological reactivity adapted for specific environmental conditions. However, the distribution patterns of immunogram variability by geographical zones are still unclear. The article analyzes prevalence and structure of allergic disorders in children of 1-3 and 4-7 y.o. (early and first childhood)living in different climatic and ecological areas of Kaliningrad region (coastal and continental zones, “clean” and “dirty” cities, different for anthropogenic burden and environmental situation). The following cities were involved into the study: Svetlogorsk, Svetly, Kaliningrad, Sovetsk, Gusev and Neman. There were 3,321 children examined. Clinical and demographic data were taken from the following sources: “History of the child’s development” (Form No. 112/y), “Outpatient medical record card” (Form No. 025/y) and “Diagnostic card of immunological deficiency in children”, developed at the Institute of Immunology (Federal MedicalBiological Agency of Russia) which contained the patient’s data, seasonality of increased morbidity, vaccination history, acute infections). Disorders and reactions attributable to allergic syndrome were divided into three groups: skin diseases, respiratory system diseases, adverse response to various antigens. The revealed differences demonstrate high sensitivity of immune system to climatic and environmental factors acting at the sub-threshold level. We believe that the child’s immune system responds even to minor environmental factors, which, acting in combined manner, cause its functional shifts. In turn, these changes manifest at the level of immunobiological reactivity and, accordingly, influence clinical course and symptoms of the allergic disorders.