Federal Grants Research Articles

Comparing organization-focused and state-focused financing strategies on provider-level reach of a youth substance use treatment model: a mixed-method study

BackgroundFinancial barriers in substance use disorder service systems have limited the widespread adoption—i.e., provider-level reach—of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for youth substance use disorders. Reach is essential to maximizing the population-level impact of EBPs. One promising, but rarely studied, type of implementation strategy for overcoming barriers to EBP reach is financing strategies, which direct financial resources in various ways to support implementation. We evaluated financing strategies for the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA) EBP by comparing two US federal grant mechanisms, organization-focused and state-focused grants, on organization-level A-CRA reach outcomes.MethodA-CRA implementation took place through organization-focused and state-focused grantee cohorts from 2006 to 2021. We used a quasi-experimental, mixed-method design to compare reach between treatment organizations funded by organization-focused versus state-focused grants (164 organizations, 35 states). Using administrative training records, we calculated reach as the per-organization proportion of trained individuals who received certification in A-CRA clinical delivery and/or supervision by the end of grant funding. We tested differences in certification rate by grant type using multivariable linear regression models that controlled for key covariates (e.g., time), and tested threats to internal validity from our quasi-experimental design through a series of sensitivity analyses. We also drew on interviews and surveys collected from the treatment organizations and (when relevant) interviews with state administrators to identify factors that influenced reach.ResultsThe overall certification rates were 27 percentage points lower in state-focused versus organization-focused grants (p = .01). Sensitivity analyses suggested these findings were not explained by confounding temporal trends nor by organizational or state characteristics. We did not identify significant quantitative moderators of reach outcomes, but qualitative findings suggested certain facilitating factors were more influential for organization-focused grants (e.g., strategic planning) and certain barrier factors were more impactful for state-focused grants (e.g., states finding it difficult to execute grant activities).DiscussionAs the first published comparison of EBP reach outcomes between financing strategies, our findings can help guide state and federal policy related to financing strategies for implementing EBPs that reduce youth substance use. Future work should explore contextual conditions under which different financing strategies can support the widespread implementation of EBPs for substance use disorder treatment.

The Impact of Academic Library Expenditure on College Graduation Rates

Some higher education institutions have announced plans for cutting funding for academic libraries in response to fiscal difficulties. However, academic libraries provide essential resources and experiences for college students, and a number of studies have investigated how institutional expenditure for academic libraries is associated with student graduation. Yet, these studies are limited in that they only examine cross-sectional correlations, do not control for other factors that can influence student success, or only examine a relatively small number of institutions. To address these limitations, we use longitudinal data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data Systems (IPEDS) to analyze the relationship between institutional expenditure on academic libraries and student graduation rates. In particular, we examine how library expenditure is associated with not just overall graduation rates, but the graduation rates of low-income students (i.e., recipients of the federal Pell Grant). Preliminary results indicate that institutional expenditure for academic libraries is positively associated with both overall student graduation rates and the graduation rates of low-income students, net of multiple institutional characteristics linked to graduation rates. Our findings support the importance of investing in academic libraries for student success and evidence against the budget cut of academic libraries. Our study also sheds light on academic libraries’ relevance for the performance of low-income students in universities.

Presidential particularism, the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), and the Biden administration

AbstractFederal spending has been a strong governing instrument for the president and governing party, who have pursued their political and electoral benefits by strategically allocating federal grants, procurements, and loans to subnational governments. The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), in which the federal government issued almost $1 trillion in loans over three rounds between April 2020 and May 2021 to support small businesses' operations in response to the COVID‐19 crisis, was no different. I build on previous research in distributive politics by examining the third round of PPP loans, in which $277 billion was allocated in the first months of the Biden administration. I find significant evidence of presidential particularism, as the Biden administration issued a large amount of PPP lending to Pro‐Biden and core Democratic counties as well as to congressional districts with copartisan (Democratic) house members. Furthermore, the magnitude of these presidential particularism findings immediately following the presidential election year is considerably larger compared to previous studies.

News/Resources

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Senators propose new bill to streamline federal grants

A bipartisan group of Senators has introduced legislation that seeks to help streamline the administration of grant programs across the federal government.

Advanced Research Institute (ARI): Supporting the Geriatric Mental Health Research Pipeline

The Advanced Research Institute (ARI) in Mental Health and Aging is a NIMH-funded mentoring network to help transition early-career faculty to independent investigators and scientific leaders. Since 2004, ARI has enrolled 184 Scholars from 61 institutions across 34 states. We describe the ARI components and assess the impact and outcomes of ARI on research careers of participants. Outcomes of ARI graduates (n = 165) came from NIH Reporter, brief surveys, and CVs: 87.3% remained active researchers, 83.6% performed scientific service, and 80.6% obtained federal grants. A population-based analysis examined NIMH mentored K awardees initially funded from 2002–2018 (n = 1160): in this group, 77.1% (47/61) of ARI participants versus 49.5% (544/1099) of nonparticipants obtained an R01. Controlling for time, ARI participants were 3.2 times more likely to achieve R01 funding than nonparticipants. Given the struggle to reduce attrition from the research career pipeline, the effectiveness of ARI model could be relevant to other fields.

The challenge of regionalist institutions without regionalist politics

Abstract Scholarship on regionalist institutions lacks a theory of regionalist politics because we lack regional political parties, without which regional politics is difficult. Particularly in the United States, regional governments are the product of either intergovernmental agreements between governments controlled by ostensibly national parties or state statutes and federal grants administered by ostensibly nonpartisan bureaucrats. The absence of truly regionalist politics and parties creates problems for governmental problem-solving at both the national and regional levels. First, politics abhors a vacuum: In the absence of truly regionalist parties, politics generates semi-regionalized parties that risk hindering national policymaking with the parochial outlook of the semi-regionalized politicians. Second, regional politics are important tools for organizing both legislators and voters to pursue regionally controversial ends requiring political compromise. National parties organized around national issues cannot perform this function at the regional level. Without regional parties organized around issues like overcoming NIMBY (“not-in-my-backyard”) resistance to housing, for instance, it is difficult to rally politicians to take politically costly positions on those issues. This Article aims to solve the problem of missing regionalist parties and politics in two steps—first, with a taxonomy of regional governments and regionalist and semi-regionalist parties along with their respective benefits and burdens, and second, with very modest suggestions for promoting regionalist and discouraging semi-regionalist, parties. None of these solutions is perfect. Genuinely regionalist democracy presents an unsolvable problem, resulting from the inevitable cognitive limits of voters and the organizational incentives of politicians at every level of government.

Obstacles to Federal Policy Adoption: The Case of Special Domestic Violence Criminal Jurisdictions in Native American Tribal Nations

A core tenet of representation is that individuals should expect government to actively protect their human security. In the issue area of domestic violence in the United States, government largely fails to do this for women, who comprise three-quarters of all victims of domestic violence. Nowhere is this more apparent than for Native American women living on tribal lands. In terms of lifetime physical violence, nearly 52% of Native American women will be physically abused compared to 30.5% of white women, 41.2% of African American women, and 29.7% of Hispanic women (Crepelle 2020; Institute for Women’s Policy Research 2023). One of the main obstacles to keeping Native American women safer is that tribal nations have been functionally prohibited from prosecuting non-Native offenders of violence against Native Americans on their lands. Non-Native offenders comprise the bulk of domestic violence abusers in these communities. To address this inequity, the 2013 Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) created Special Domestic Violence Criminal Jurisdictions (SDVCJs). Through an application process, federally recognized tribal nations can create these jurisdictions to provide justice for the many women who are victims of domestic violence at the hands of non-Native persons. In this article we explore which tribal nations created these jurisdictions using an original dataset of the 354 tribal nations that were eligible to adopt an SDVCJ following the 2013 VAWA reauthorization. As of 2022, 31 tribal nations have adopted SDVCJs across 13 states, which have led to 74 domestic violence convictions. In this article, we explain adoption of these courts as a function of population, tribal nation fiscal capacity, federal grant support, and having an existing self-governance compact with the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Caught in the crossfire: Fears of Chinese–American scientists

The US global leadership in science and technology has greatly benefitted from immigrants from other countries, most notably from China in the recent decades. However, feeling the pressure of potential federal investigations since the 2018 launch of the China Initiative, scientists of Chinese descent in the United States now face higher incentives to leave the United States and lower incentives to apply for federal grants. Analyzing data pertaining to institutional affiliations of more than 200 million scientific papers, we find a steady increase in the return migration of scientists of Chinese descent from the United States to China. We also conducted a survey of scientists of Chinese descent employed by US universities in tenured or tenure-track positions (n = 1,304), with results revealing general feelings of fear and anxiety that lead them to consider leaving the United States and/or stop applying for federal grants. If the situation is not corrected, American science will likely suffer the loss of scientific talent to China and other countries.

Specialized Alcohol Research Centers (NIAAA)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 47, Issue 14 p. 8-8 Grants Alerts Specialized Alcohol Research Centers (NIAAA) First published: 12 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.33104Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue1415 June 2023Pages 8-8 RelatedInformation

Diaper Distribution Demonstration and Research Pilot (ACF)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 47, Issue 14 p. 7-8 Grants Alerts Diaper Distribution Demonstration and Research Pilot (ACF) First published: 12 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.33103Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue1415 June 2023Pages 7-8 RelatedInformation

Humanities Connections (NEH)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 47, Issue 14 p. 2-2 Grants Alerts Humanities Connections (NEH) First published: 12 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.33082Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue1415 June 2023Pages 2-2 RelatedInformation

Be Cybersmart (DOS)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 47, Issue 14 p. 5-6 Grants Alerts Be Cybersmart (DOS) First published: 12 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.33096Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue1415 June 2023Pages 5-6 RelatedInformation

Education innovation and research program—Early‐phase grants (ED)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 47, Issue 14 p. 3-3 Grants Alerts Education innovation and research program—Early-phase grants (ED) First published: 12 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.33083Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue1415 June 2023Pages 3-3 RelatedInformation

Discovery Research PreK‐12 (NSF)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 47, Issue 14 p. 4-4 Grants Alerts Discovery Research PreK-12 (NSF) First published: 12 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.33088Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue1415 June 2023Pages 4-4 RelatedInformation

Melanoma Idea Award (DOD)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 47, Issue 14 p. 5-5 Grants Alerts Melanoma Idea Award (DOD) First published: 12 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.33094Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue1415 June 2023Pages 5-5 RelatedInformation

Disasters and social vulnerability determinants of federal subsidiarity assistance

AbstractSubsidiarity assistance creates opportunities for the federal government to intervene in subnational affairs, supplement emergency response, and reduce jurisdictional vulnerabilities. Recognizing the differential effects that disaster events and revenue sharing could have on states, the research investigates the determinants of federal subsidiarity assistance grants to states in the context of American federalism. This study draws from disaster impact scholarship and social vulnerability theory for theoretical context to understand the determinants of short‐term and long‐term public assistance grants and intergovernmental transfers, which constitute federal subsidiarity assistance to subnational governments. Using panel data on 50 U.S. states over a 17‐year time period, findings show that disasters trigger federal subsidiarity assistance for disaster‐induced short‐term and long‐term public assistance grants; however, social vulnerability more likely explains intergovernmental transfers to states.

Income differences between locations of 340B entities and contract pharmacies.

To estimate neighborhood income differences between the locations of 340B-covered entities and their contract pharmacies (CPs) and examine whether these differences vary between hospitals and grantees. Cross-sectional study. Using Health Resources and Services Administration 340B Office of Pharmacy Affairs Information System and zip code tabulation area (ZCTA)-level US Census Bureau databases, we created a unique data set that contains covered entities' characteristics, CP use, and ZCTA-level median household income in 2019 for more than 90,000 pairs of covered entities and CPs. We computed income differences between each pair and for a subset of pairs in which the pharmacy is within 100 miles of the covered entity for both hospitals and federal grantees. On average, median income in the pharmacy's ZCTA is about 35% higher than in the covered entity's ZCTA, with little difference between hospitals (36%) and grantees (33%). Roughly 72% of arrangements cover less than 100 miles; in that subset, income is about 27% higher for pharmacy ZCTAs, with little difference between hospitals (28%) and grantees (25%). In more than 50% of arrangements, the median income in the pharmacy's ZCTA is more than 20% higher than in the covered entity's ZCTA. CPs serve at least 2 purposes: They can increase low-income patients' access to medicines directly when a CP is closer to where a covered entity's patients live, and they can increase profits for covered entities (some of which are potentially passed on to patients) and CPs. We find that in 2019, both hospitals and grantees used CPs to generate income but generally they do not appear to contract with pharmacies located in neighborhoods where low-income patients are likeliest to live. Prior research findings have suggested that hospitals and grantees behave differently from each other with respect to CP use, but results of our analysis suggest the opposite.

High Operational Temperature Sensors (DOD)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 47, Issue 13 p. 5-5 Grants Alerts High Operational Temperature Sensors (DOD) First published: 30 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.33065Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue131 June 2023Pages 5-5 RelatedInformation

Green and Resilient Retrofit Program Leading Edge (HUD)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 47, Issue 13 p. 7-7 Grants Alerts Green and Resilient Retrofit Program Leading Edge (HUD) First published: 30 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.33072Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue131 June 2023Pages 7-7 RelatedInformation