Federal Government Intervention Research Articles

The Role of Federal Government Intervention in Development Programmes in Niger Delta

The Role of Federal Government Intervention in Development Programmes in Niger Delta

Surviving the Post Silicon Valley Bank Crisis

In the wake of the sudden collapse of three major financial institutions in the United States (Silicon Valley Bank, Silver Gate, and Signature Bank) the Federal Government intervention was swift and quick and even surpassed regulations by promising a full refund for all bank depositors, yet was the major intervention by the Government and the United States President Joe Biden a sign of strength or weakness? This study analyzes the importance of the financial sector to achieve economic prosperity as well as the readiness of the United States Government to face future challenges that might jeopardize the entire international financial system through alarming World Bank Data.

Research on the impact of the COVID-19 in service industry in U.S. stock market based on the Fama French Five Factor Model

Since the outbreak, the U.S. economy has experienced a great recession, in which the service sector has been hit hard, while it accounts for a large share of U.S. GDP, and twists and turns have hit the stock market. Based on the Fama-French five factor model, this paper conducted a regression analysis and coefficients comparison on the data of 26 months before and after the epidemic, with March 2020 as the node. The results show that the market rebounds quickly under the federal government's intervention and shows a state of continuous growth. However, the investors tended to make the overall investment style of the market more speculative. Investors no favor the value stocks with stable earnings but relatively slow growth. The book-to-market ratio, an important indicator, has less influence on overall investors, and companies with poor profitability have become the targets for speculators to bet on. It is worth noting that when the trend of the stock market is not consistent with the real economic conditions, investors must remain vigilant and cannot ignore the impact of the epidemic on the economy and enterprises because of the prosperity of the stock market.

Appraisal of Challenges to Sustainable Forest Management in Abia State, Nigeria

The sustainability of the forest estate is largely dependent on the available manpower and proper funding for maximum utilisation and productivity of the forest estate. This study, therefore, examined the challenges to sustainable forest management in Abia State, Nigeria for the period of ten years (2008-2017). Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with key members of the Department of Forestry in the State. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the obtained variables using simple percentages, charts, and correlation. A total of one hundred (100) copies of questionnaires were administered to the randomly selected respondents to investigate budgetary allocation in each year and identify the problems militating against forest service. Results from the study show that there are nineteen (19) Forest reserves in Abia State (Four (4) natural forests and fifteen (15) plantation forest reserves). The highest budget allocation in the past ten (10) years was observed in 2012 with 12 million and the least was recorded in 2017 with 2.3 million with inconsistency in trend within the ten years which could be as a result of government policies and change in the government. the major problems facing forest estate in the State are lack of funding (87%), logistics (96%), staff recruitment/training (62.5%) and lack of consistent government policies from the State government. There is urgent need for proper funding, staff recruitment/training, policies, and federal government intervention for the forest estate in Abia State for sustainability.

The Care Children Deserve

The Care Children Deserve

Do Higher Land Costs for New Single-Family Housing Inhibit Economic Activity in U.S. Metropolitan Areas?

The price of a new home is greater if the land to put it on costs more. In many U.S. metropolitan areas, this generates the widely acknowledged equity concern that low- to moderate-income households spend disproportionately on housing. But high residential land prices translating into high single-family home prices may also generate the efficiency concern of discouraging new workers’ entry into such areas or encouraging existing workers’ exit. The result could be a decrease in economic activity. This research offers panel-data regression evidence in support of the existence of this adverse outcome. Perhaps these findings can raise the saliency of the needed state or federal government intervention to curtail the stringency of local residential land-use regulations. NIMBYs see these land-use regulations as in their jurisdiction’s best interest, but as demonstrated here, such restrictions impose additional metro-wide economic concerns.

Impact of Government Interventions on Corona Virus Transmission in Nigeria

Many measures such as multi-sectoral National Coronavirus Preparedness Group and social interventions were instituted by Nigerian governments before and after the first case of COVID-19 was recorded on February 27, 2020. Impacts of these intervention measures on COVID-19 transmission were assessed within the first 82 days in Nigeria and in the first 38 days in Kano state. These approaches toward containing the spread of COVID-19 include nonpharmaceutical intervention measures, multi-sectoral Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) was activated at Level 3, expansion of labouratories, RRT deployment etc which resulted in the slow transmission trajectory and low COVID-19 burden and death burden on the people. The analysis of the COVID-19 data obtained between February 27 and May 20, 2020 (82 days period) showed that Nigeria recorded lower death burden of one (1) per million population compare with other African countries like South Africa with death burden of 6 death per million population each and other countries, death burden increases (> 1) as COVID-19 cases increases. Similarly, COVID-19 burden of Nigeria is 33 cases per million which is also very low compared to other African countries and other highly affected countries like US and UK. By 20th May 2020, 6,677 confirmed cases and 202 deaths and 1,860 recovered from COVID-19 have occurred in Nigeria. At day 82, the exponential growth rate calculated was 0.05. The result of this study also provides epidemiological analysis of the first 40 days of COVID-19 outbreak in in the most populous state in Nigeria-Kano. Using this logistic model equation [y= 1.5*(1.3)x] generated from the curve, a total of 31,158 infections was averted in Kano state by the federal and state government intervention measures and citizen level of compliances as well as additional effort of WHO official which altogether brought the total infections to 900 as against 32,058 infections predicted by logistic model. Simulation of the same model predicts total infections of 6,092,642 by 9th of June more than half of state population in the absence of aforementioned interventions while by 11th of June 11,435,884 infections (state population). The results show COVID-19 positive cases are higher in the states with high population densities

How Buchanan’s concern for the South shaped his first academic works

The purpose of this paper is to show that, at the very beginning of his career, Buchanan was interested in concrete issues related to the economic situation in the South rather than with abstract and philosophical works in public finance. We examine the published and unpublished articles, reviews and replies that Buchanan wrote between 1949 and 1952 on federalism. By putting what Buchanan wrote in the intellectual, academic and political context of the period, we put forward four factors which we believe are important to understand Buchanan’s ideas. First, Buchanan defended the intervention of the federal government to redistribute, in the form of equalizing grants, income from rich to poor regions. Second, as a consequence, for Buchanan, such redistribution was an ethical necessity that should precede any consideration of efficiency. Even more important, fiscal justice was a precondition without which a competitive or free market system could not function properly. Third, at least during that period, Buchanan appears to have been interested primarily in practical, concrete problems, rather than in pure and abstract questions. Finally, a fourth and crucial point is that Buchanan insisted on the need for federal government intervention to industrialize the South, a stance that stands in stark contrast to policies the Nashville Agrarians defended.

From bastard child to a place in Australia’s family; the Federal Government’s role in repositioning Australian soccer as a legitimate, mainstream sport: a qualitative study

Following over a century on the margins, soccer moved into the mainstream of Australian sports culture in 2003. This resulted from the intervention of the Federal Government via a review into the sport’s governance and structure, the reform led by high-profile recruit Frank Lowy. By 2015, the men’s national team had won the Asian Cup, qualified for three consecutive FIFA World Cup Finals’ appearances and the men’s professional A-League had successfully completed its tenth season. Australian Soccer was now perceived to be part of the sporting mainstream. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews of a purposive sample from politics, sport and business (N = 22), and identified four key transformative mechanisms: Federal Government intervention, the recruitment of Frank Lowy, implementing credible governance and structure, and leveraging the game’s traditional popularity. Soccer’s reformation was aimed, in part, to provide Australia greater leverage in Asia, the region where Australia’s interests are significantly influenced by the geo-political axis between the USA and China.

Agamben and Colonialism

Agamben and Colonialism

Inter-organizational relations for regional development: an expansion policy promoted by the federal network of professional education, science & technology

This research paper examines the importance of inter-organizational network management as a government policy tool to promote regional development. This pattern requires Federal Government intervention so as to compensate for the imbalance that this causes and to guarantee that economic growth resulting from government actions leads to development in all regions of the country, thereby avoiding the traditional mechanisms of wealth concentration. For this, a methodology of content analysis was used based on a relevant public policy aimed at promoting development within Brazil and by analyzing the data collected in relation to the current theory related to strategy, local development and inter-organizational networks in general. The analysis results show that, when the policy studied in this work, applied in the federal network of professional education, science & technology, was implemented the networks had a positive influence on the outcome of the policy objectives and represented an extremely powerful support tool, being one of the most important factors to boost development.

The Rise of School Choice in Education Funding Reform

This article contributes to the analysis of the global spread of support for school choice and to the understanding of how a particular form of policy development reflects and cements this support. It maps the growing dominance of school choice within a reconfiguration of politics, policy making, and research. To establish the nature of this reconfiguration, a comparison is made between the Karmel Review, which established systematic federal government intervention in Australian schooling, and the Gonski Review. The analysis traces a move away from a social-democratic model built around an autonomous and representative government authority in which educational research was broadly writ, to a neoliberal model under direct government control, drawing selectively on a cast of corporate consultants and technocrats. I conclude with a consideration of the wider implications of the dominance of school choice as a paradigm for funding reform.

The American National State and the Early West by William H. Bergmann (review)

American National State and Early West. By William H. Bergmann. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Pp. 288. Cloth, $90.00.)William H. Bergmann seeks to correct an allegedly pervasive misunderstanding, both popular and scholarly, of American westward expansion: Most people, scholars included, rarely view federal government as an important player in development of trans-Appalachian West. Rather they envision a country largely devoid of a powerful national with spontaneous, opportunistic, egalitarian, and racist forces shaping early nation (1-2). Bergmann promises to bring the national state back into story, by emphasizing federal role in stimulating commercial capitalism and national integration (2). book's title and introduction promise attention to entire transAppalachian West, but Bergmann focuses almost exclusively on Old Northwest Territory, north and west of Ohio, to exclusion of old Southwest. In sum, he dwells on region where federal government waxed strongest to neglect of where it waned.Bergmann tells a familiar story of a federal government struggling to gain control of brutal warfare between natives and settlers in Ohio watershed. After suffering crushing defeats in 1790 and 1791, United States troops defeated a confederacy of native peoples in 1794 and compelled their chiefs to make sweeping territorial concessions in Treaty of Greenville in 1795. After 1800, William Henry Harrison accelerated American expansion through a series of controversial land cession treaties bitterly opposed by Shawnee brothers, Tenkswatawa and Tecumseh, who ultimately suffered defeat. Grateful settlers credited and embraced triumphant federal which also provided economic stimulus through military supply contracts, post offices, and postal roads.Evidence, however, often lags behind Bergmann's most sweeping assertions. The rise of a western market economy must be credited in large part to intervention of federal government, he insists (171). But he does not provide statistical data to demonstrate aggregate impact of federal investment on region's economic growth. He describes federal bureaucracy as concentrated, penetrative, centralized, and specialized, but neglects to specify numbers of federal officials or their annual budgets (7). He does mention, in passing, that postmaster general's office employed just five others in Washington, DC, in 1798, which renders federal government something less than concentrated. Such a government would also seem pretty paltry if compared to its southern neighbor, Spanish Empire, in terms of size and expenditures. Bergmann does often digress to discuss British colony of Upper Canada, but offers only anecdotal evidence drawn from official correspondence rather than a comparative analysis of bureaucratic structures and their budgets. author also should have compared federal government's scale of operations to those of frontier state governments-for example Kentucky, Ohio, and New York-to measure which form of governance made greater and more effective investment in economic development. I would bet on states (prior to 1860). …

Cooperativismo na Amazônia setentrional: caminhos e descaminhos

Este artigo se propõe revelar o contexto institucional do movimento cooperativista na microrregião sudeste de Roraima. A região destaca-se pela produção de banana (Musa ssp), sendo Caroebe considerado o município de maior produção do Estado. O fato corrobora para o município ser escolhido como ponto de partida para construção e institucionalização do cooperativismo no sul do estado. A organização produtiva foi norteada pela atividade de forma tradicional, sem o uso e a aplicação de tecnologias de produção. Esses motivos colaboram para a baixa produtividade da banana, para baixa qualidade no processo da pós- colheita e ainda para a renda insuficiente, que não proporcionava as condições necessárias de vida às famílias produtoras. Um dos motivos atribuídos para o fomento da produção de banana no sul de Roraima foi o incentivo governamental aos produtores via Programa de Crédito Especial para a Reforma Agrária - PROCERA. Outro motivo para o fomento da produção da banana decorreu em face à mudança dos governos federal e estadual. Assim, os aglomerados produtivos de banana na região sul de Roraima tornam-se, pela sua localização e processo organizativo, público alvo da política de Arranjos Produtivos Locais – APL's, como continuidade da política de intervenção do governo federal na Amazônia setentrional, a partir dos programas: Comunidades Solidárias; posteriormente Comunidade Ativa e por fim, o Fórum de Desenvolvimento Local Integrado e Sustentável - DLIS. Assim, considera-se a constituição de uma Cooperativa Agropecuária no Sul de Roraima, como premissa da institucionalização do cooperativismo na região pesquisada.

Liberal Theoretical Foundation for Government Intervention in the Water Market, Government Failure and Government Institutions in the Murray Darling Basin

Earlier research has examined the research on the limits of market-based water governance and the current progress and future direction of legal and judicial oversight of the Murray Darling Basin. This paper seeks to briefly re-iterate the theoretical foundations for justifying the higher degree of governmental intervention in the Murray Darling Basin, in seeking to comprehend why water market failure occurred for the period 1994-2010 Stronger Federal government intervention in the management of the Murray Darling Basin commenced in 2007, marked by the passing of the Water Act 2007. Theoretical study on government failure is explored to further comprehend why for the period of water reform 1994-2010 no mixed market – governmental institutional framework led to the appropriate balance of environmental protection and transition economy investment strategy for the Murray Darling Basin. Policy development in the area of transition economy investment strategies, which include re-training/re-skilling to allow for a diversified low-water intensive irrigator income stream, has been piecemeal. The sequence of selected theoretical work considered is divided into two sections (i) market failure; and (ii) governmental failure. The theoretical work considered in the context are the Coase theorem, the two fundamental theorems of welfare economics, public goods and social choice theory/theory of groups, theories of justice, mechanism design theory, negotiation/bargaining theory, actor network theory and new collaborative governance. Most of the theoretical work examined is either contained within or closely related to new institutional economics.

Market Failure in the Murray Darling Basin and Theoretical Foundations for Intervention by Government Water Institutions

Earlier research has examined the research on the limits of market-based water governance and the current progress and future direction of legal and judicial oversight of the Murray Darling Basin. This paper seeks to briefly re-iterate the theoretical foundations for justifying the higher degree of governmental intervention in the Murray Darling Basin, in seeking to comprehend why water market failure occurred for the period 1994-2010. Stronger Federal government intervention in the management of the Murray Darling Basin commenced in 2007, marked by the passing of the Water Act 2007. Theoretical study on government failure is explored to further comprehend why for the period of water reform 1994-2010, no mixed market - governmental institutional framework led to the appropriate balance of environmental protection and transition economy investment strategy for the Murray Darling Basin. Policy development in the area of transition economy investment strategies, which include re-training/re-skilling to allow for a diversified low-water intensive irrigator income stream, has been piecemeal. The sequence of selected theoretical work considered is divided into three sections (i) market failure; (ii) market and governmental failure; and (iii) governmental failure.The theoretical work considered in the context are the Coase theorem, the two fundamental theorems of welfare economics, public goods and social choice theory/theory of groups, theories of justice, mechanism design theory, negotiation/bargaining theory, actor network theory and new collaborative governance. Most of the theoretical work examined is either contained within or closely related to new institutional economics.

Warlpiri fears/whitefella fears: Ways of being in Central Australia seen through an emotion

Experiences of fear and responses to it are variable across cultures and individuals, and across the environments they inhabit. In some environments, fear is a constant presence in people's lives; in others it is sporadic, provoked or intensified by particular events. This paper examines how fear shapes everyday actions and experiences in central Australia. It draws on material gathered during research among Indigenous (Warlpiri) residents in the remote Northern Territory settlement of Yuendumu, and on observations and conversations with Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in the town of Alice Springs. The case studies presented revolve around a feud at Yuendumu, some well-publicised and related ‘murders’ in Alice Springs, and the Australian Federal Government's Intervention into Aboriginal Communities in the Northern Territory (NTER). The analysis examines how specific fears are generated in particular situations, and discusses how Warlpiri and non-Indigenous residents respond to such fear(s). The comparisons between town/remote and Indigenous/non-Indigenous settings and responses carry implications for how we analyse emotion and motivation in cross-cultural settings. The paper concludes by using fear as one prism through which to understand changing aspects of everyday life.

The Financial Crisis, Systemic Risk, and the Future of Insurance Regulation

AbstractThis article considers the role of American International Group (AIG) and the insurance sector in the 2007–2009 financial crisis and the implications for insurance regulation. Following an overview of the causes of the crisis, I explore the events and policies that contributed to federal government intervention to prevent bankruptcy of AIG and the scope of federal assistance to AIG. I discuss the extent to which insurance in general poses systemic risk and whether a systemic risk regulator is desirable for insurers or other nonbank financial institutions. The last two sections of the article address the financial crisis's implications for proposed optional and/or mandatory federal chartering and regulation of insurers and for insurance regulation in general.

Effets de la crise de l’énergie sur la croissance économique de Montréal et du Québec

This impact depends upon changes in trends of certain economic activities both in the short and long run. In the short run the impact will be different in Canada as compared to the United States. The presence of a large hydro-electric capacity will ease the impact of the crisis. Yet, the federal government intervention in the level of oil prices and in the construction of the Sarnia-Montréal pipe-line introduces enough uncertainty to postpone many investment decisions in the Montreal petrochemical complex. In the long run some substitution is possible among sources of energy. In this respect the future Bay James hydro-electrical project should endow the Province of Quebec with a locational advantage, at least in the case of some industries. On the other hand, under the hypothesis that the price of foreign oil will remain high, Montreal looses one of its advantages: the access to cheap oil. This coupled with the fact that the petrochemical industries, e.g., those linked to secondary refining processes such as cracking, reforming and alkylation, prefer a location near the market, will in the long run reduce the rate of growth of the petrochemical complex near Montreal. The market forces are so strong that even before the crisis, Montreal, from 1960 to 1973, experienced a gradual weakening of its relative importance in the secondary stages of refining; for instance in alkylation its position went from 57.3 p.c. of total Canadian capacity to 16.8 p.c. If the hydro-electric potential is not used by the Province of Quebec as a development tool, the oil crisis will slightly hurt Montreal's prospects for development.

Possibilidades do Ensino Médio Integrado diante do financiamento público da educação

Esse trabalho, tendo como referência a trajetória do Ensino Médio brasileiro nos últimos 16 anos, destaca os limites do financiamento público à edificação do Ensino Médio Integrado. Apoiando-se em uma literatura sobre o Ensino Médio e a Educação Profissional que defende a escola unitária, analisam-se dados concernentes à última etapa da Educação Básica, particularmente das escolas das redes estaduais. Argumenta-se que a intervenção do governo federal brasileiro no financiamento da Educação é um grande obstáculo à efetivação do Ensino Médio Integrado, uma vez que, independentemente do viés ideológico ou do pertencimento partidário daquele que dirige a nação, não se tem colocado essa etapa da Educação Básica como prioridade no raio do financiamento estatal. Registra-se a hegemonia das escolas estaduais na oferta do Ensino Médio e o aumento nas quais há a integração entre o Ensino Médio e a Educação Profissional. Por último, afirma-se que embora o FUNDEB represente uma ação que contemple o Ensino Médio como alvo do financiamento público dos estados, não gerará recursos suficientes para garantir o financiamento da última etapa da Educação Básica, principalmente na modalidade integrada à Educação Profissional. Conclui-se defendendo uma modificação do papel do governo federal no financiamento do Ensino Médio, de forma a garantir que a articulação entre a formação técnica e a formação geral possa universalizar-se e com melhor qualidade nas escolas estaduais.