Federal Executive Authorities Research Articles

Development of state information systems in the field of metrology: main tasks

The use of information systems is an integral part of the activities of all federal executive authorities. At the same time, in the conditions of digital transformation the fulfillment of some functions of federal executive bodies is impossible without interaction of their information systems, which often occurs as a result of information exchange (requests and answers to them). The main directions of development of information interaction of state information systems of federal executive authorities, participating to some extent in ensuring the uniformity of measurements, are given. The approaches to the organization of interaction are described, as well as the tasks that can be solved through such interaction of state information systems. On the example of interaction of the subsystem “ARSHIN” of the Federal State Information System of Rosstandart with the State Information System of housing and communal services the tasks aimed at ensuring the reliability of transferred data contained in these information systems are considered. Transition to machine-readable formats of documents in the field of measurement uniformity assurance is proposed. The conditions necessary to ensure interaction of information systems are described.

On the Problems and Prospects of Development of the Institute of Public Councils under Federal Executive Authorities: Constitutional and Legal Analysis

On the Problems and Prospects of Development of the Institute of Public Councils under Federal Executive Authorities: Constitutional and Legal Analysis

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ОБЩЕГО ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-АДРЕСНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ОБМЕНА ДОКУМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИЕЙ ДОЛЖНОСТНЫХ ЛИЦ ОРГАНОВ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ, СИЛ, СРЕДСТВ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ЕДИНОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ И ЛИКВИДАЦИИ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ

The software architecture of the automated system for the exchange of documentary information proposed in the article and the associated of the automated system for the exchange of documentary information system architecture will provide the technical possibility of «conflict-free» functioning of communication nodes of control points of the system, combining management bodies, forces and means of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations whose powers It includes solving issues related to the protection of the population and territories (water areas) from emergency situations.
 The software complexes being formed and the proposed standard architectural solution will provide the opportunity to build an of the automated system for the exchange of documentary information and the formation of an information and address space based on it on the existing technical means of the operated systems and complexes of documentary communication of communication nodes, using automated workplaces of officials automated control systems, control points of the studied unified state system for the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations.

Основные проблемы и барьеры клиентоцентричной трансформации системы государственного управления

The article presents the results of a study conducted by the Center for Implementation of a Client-Centric Approach of GSPM of RANEPA, the purpose of which is to identify the main problems and barriers in the implementation of the federal project “State for People” at the federal and regional levels. The study involved more than 350 civil servants representing the regions of the Russian Federation and federal executive authorities and who were trained under RANEPA client-centricity programs in 2023.The article includes a detailed description of existing problems in the first year of mass implementation of the federal project, the opinions of research participants and proposals for possible solutions and measures to overcome problems. The most significant problems identified in the study include: lack of staffing, lack of core competencies, insufficient regulatory support for the project, inflexible project implementation system, inconsistency of various federal initiatives.

An Integrated Approach to the High-Quality, Safe and Healthy Nutrition Provision for Schoolchildren

Schoolchildren nutrition is one of the urgent problems and is currently one of the most important aspects for federal executive authorities. The study aims at the integrated approach development to ensure high-quality, safe and healthy nutrition for schoolchildren at the municipal level. The study object is the school nutrition system in Ekaterinburg. Nutrition satisfaction assessments results in 2019–2020 revealed that 81 % of headmasters, 48 % of teachers, and 62% of school medical staff believed that children liked to eat in the school canteen. At the same time, a man determined that 40 % of elementary school students, 31 % of high school students, 31 % of parents of elementary school students and 28 % of parents of high school students were satisfied with the catering at school, generally. The thesis presents the proportion data on the unsatisfactory samples of nutritional value identified in the course of inspections in schools in Ekaterinburg in 2019–2022, as well as the dynamics of satisfaction with catering in the school canteen and menu. The researchers systematized data on the reasons for nutrition refusal and (or) limited nutrition in the school canteen; on the attainment of the macro- and micronutrients consumption norms compared to the actual daily rations of schoolchildren in Ekaterinburg. The proportion of children with diseases of the endocrine system in schools varies from 0 to 37 %, including those with obesity – from 0 to 15 %, with diseases of the circulatory system – from 0 to 10 %, digestive system – from 0 to 72 %, musculoskeletal system – from 0 to 65 %. The researchers interrelate the number of unsatisfactory laboratory test samples of food products in public catering enterprises in schools with the digestive diseases in schoolchildren. Based on the research results, a man developed draft municipal program.

The Importance of the Structure of Federal Executive Authorities in Public Administration

The paper shows that the current system of federal executive authorities, being an abstract category, is implemented only through the functioning of a specific structure of these bodies. As a set of real subjects, this structure materializes the management strategy embedded in the system of federal executive authorities, which, however, does not arise chaotically, but is formed in the process of development of the system of bodies and their corresponding structure. The paper examines the dynamics of the system and structure of the central executive bodies in the USSR and federal executive authorities in the Russian Federation. The author has analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of corresponding systems and structures that existed in post-Soviet Russia before 2004, as well as structures functioning currently. The information problems of the modern model of federal executive bodies, types and features of communication channels peculiar to the system under consideration have been analyzed. It is argued that the nature of information links between the elements of the system structure determines the degree of stability of the structure itself and, as a result, the entire mechanism of public administration, i.e., the probability of their preservation or destruction. It is concluded that the importance of the structure of federal executive authorities is explained not only in optimizing management activities, but also in forming such a configuration of information communication channels in a specific system of executive bodies that stabilizes the functioning of the entire mechanism of public administration.

Принятие решения о нежелательности пребывания (проживания) иностранного гражданина или лица без гражданства в Российской Федерации как административно-предупредительная мера, применяемая при обеспечении миграционной безопасности Российской Федерации

Тhe article notes the meaning of administrative and preventive measures in the field of migration. The author’s definition of administrative and preventive measures aimed at ensuring migration security is formulated. The decision-making on the undesirability of the stay (residence) of a foreign citizen or a stateless person in the Russian Federation as a comprehensive measure affecting the provision of migration security of the Russian Federation is analyzed. The role of federal executive authorities in the application of this preventive measure in the field of migration (Rospotrebnadzor, Federal Medical and Biological Agency (FMBA), FSIN, etc.), as well as their officials is reflected. The decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and other federal courts of general jurisdiction on the application of measures of state coercion against foreigners are used in this work. It is concluded that the decision on the undesirability of stay (residence, as a measure of administrative warning is applied not in connection with the administrative offense committed and not in relation to the offender, but in connection with the circumstances of the present time, entailing the emergence of a real or potential threat to migration security and the safety of life, health of citizens, in order to prevent violations of the law and causing possible harm.

On the Problems and Prospects of Development of the Institute of Public Councils under Federal Executive Authorities: Constitutional and Legal Analysis

Coverage of the problem. This article is devoted to the constitutional and legal analysis of the problems and prospects for the development of the institute of public councils under federal executive authorities in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods of research. The subject of the analysis is the relevant provisions of Russian legislation on the organization and activities of public councils under federal executive authorities in the Russian Federation and the practice of their application; general and private scientific methods are used - analysis, synthesis, analogy, formal-legal, comparative-legal, interpretation of legal norms, historical-legal. Results. The paper substantiates a system of measures to resolve these problems, which will ensure the further development of both the specified variety of subjects of public control and, in general, the institute of public control in the Russian Federation. Discussion. The issues of development and implementation of new forms and methods of functioning of public councils under federal executive authorities in the Russian Federation need further scientific understanding.

НЕПОЛНЫЕ СЕМЬИ В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ: МАСШТАБЫ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

The subject of the study is single-parent family as one of the main types of modern Russian family. The purpose of the paper is to study, based on monitoring and analysis of regional data, social profiles of low-income single-parent families in Russia. The research methods are systematic and comparative approaches, structural analysis and synthesis, statistical processing of information, induction and deduction, abstraction, and specification, etc. The following scientific and practical research results were obtained: a significant similarity was revealed in the social profiles of low-income single-parent families and single-parent families at risk of poverty; the main causes of poverty in incomplete families are identified, the main ones being the unemployment of a single parent and the insufficient level of wages of working mothers. The results of the analysis of the modal characteristics of singleparent families with low income can be used by federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation when updating measures to reduce poverty in the field of promoting the employment of single parents.

THE GOVERNMENTAL COMMISSION ON ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM AS A SPECIAL FEDERAL COLLEGIAL COORDINATION BODY FOR COMBATING CORRUPTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Purpose of the study: to assess and optimize the anti-corruption powers of the Government Commission for Administrative Reform. Research methods: structural analysis of legal regulation was used as the main research method. Research results: the paper presents the results of the study of anti-corruption competencies of the Government Commission on Administrative Reform, as a result of which the author came to the conclusion that the said Commission is a special federal collegial coordinating body on the formation and implementation of the state policy of combating corruption in federal executive bodies, the activities of which are managed by the Government of the Russian Federation. Its main competences include: monitoring of the implementation of the state anti-corruption policy in the federal executive authorities, the activities of which are managed by the Government of the Russian Federation; control over the quality and timeliness of the implementation of anti-corruption measures in these authorities; their organizational and methodological support on anti-corruption issues. Scientific novelty: for the first time in the domestic science the assessment of the Government Commission on Administrative Reform as a specialized body for the formation and implementation of the state policy of combating corruption in the federal executive bodies, the management of which is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation is given. Practical significance: the mechanisms proposed by the author for the implementation of the state policy of combating corruption by the Government Commission on Administrative Reform in the federal bodies of executive power, the management of which is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation can be used in improving its activities.

Требования охраны труда и промышленной безопасности в угольной промышленности

The article examines the system of legal and regulatory framework of occupatioal safety and industrial safety for the enterprises in the coal industry. Analysis of the international and Russian legislation showed the close relationship and interdependence of safety regulation in these areas of law. A significant contribution to the development of legal regulation of the occupational safety and industrial (production) safety was made by the conventions of the International Labor Organization. In 1995, the International Labor Organization adopted the Occupational Safety and Health in Mines Convention, which sets the norms relating to both occupational health and safety. In Russia, the key legislative acts regulating relations in the areas under consideration are the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law «On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities». The article provides an overview of the functions and powers of the federal executive authorities in the field of occupational safety and industrial safety, and also analyzes the types of regulations establishing requirements in these areas, and the federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety at the coal industry facilities. Based on the conducted analysis, the following conclusion was made: organizational and technical requirements for occupational safety are in systemic unity with the industrial safety requirements established in federal standards and regulations. Other occupational safety requirements aimed at ensuring a system for preserving the life and health of the employees in the process of work should be established in the Occupational health and safety rules for the employees in the coal industry.

Analysis of the Reliability and Comparability of Data on Rural areas in Russia Collected by Federal Executive Authorities

The main point of the problem of duplication or incompleteness of data in various statistical informational systems formed at the federal level is revealed. The comprehensive list of duplications and “white spots” (absence of necessaryinformation) in the compared databases has been compiled, statistical discrepancies in data have been highlighted using a modal example, and measures have been proposed to improve the statistical record-keeping of data on rural areas.

Comparative Assessment of the Parameters of Spatial Heterogeneity of the Social Sphere of the Far Eastern Federal District Regions

Spatial heterogeneity is an objective reality and a condition for the development of individual territories located in space. The total set of competitive advantages of territories determines the level of development of their economy and social sphere and the level of differences between individual territories. In its turn, from the standpoint of the federal district, the differences between the territories of the constituent entities determine the different positions and roles of the territories within the federal district. Federal executive authorities make decisions on the need to smooth out differences and apply smoothing mechanisms if the differences between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are significant. In connection with the need to use smoothing mechanisms, the question arises about the measure of calculation and the magnitude of the differences, in which there is a need to apply existing or develop new smoothing mechanisms. The element of scientific novelty presented in the article is an approach to assessing the spatial heterogeneity of the parameters of the social sphere. The possibilities of using the proposed approach are considered on the example of the Far Eastern Federal District and its «new» subjects: the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory, which have been part of the Far Eastern Federal District since the end of 2018. The result allowed us to conclude that certain territories, including the «new» ones, despite comparable development conditions, demonstrate a significant lag in the parameters of social development and they require the application of additional measures of state support.

Унифицированный подход к оценке закупочной деятельности государственных заказчиков

The National Plan for the Development of Competition in the Russian Federation for 2018–2020 for federal executive authorities, state-owned companies and state corporations has set the task of ensuring the introduction of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of procurement of goods, works, services, including for subordinate bodies and divisions, when organizing procurement activities. This task was implemented through a system of departmental regulatory legal acts that approved the relevant indicators and methods of their assessment. Due to the lack of uniform methodological approaches to the development of the described models, they are individual in nature, reflecting the specifics of the activities of each department. A similar decentralized approach is implemented in the context of the administrative and territorial division of the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, the scientific community has repeatedly drawn attention to the need to create a single fair model for evaluating the effectiveness of public procurement as a key criterion for the development of the country’s economic system. Since the current situation proceeds from an individualized approach to evaluating the effectiveness of public procurement, it is significantly difficult to compare the final indicators of procurement activities of various departments both at the federal and at the subject levels. The article analyzes some of the existing models for evaluating the effectiveness of the public procurement system developed by Federal executive authorities. Based on the results obtained and taking into account the survey of practitioners in the field of public procurement and teachers of economic departments, the author’s methodology for evaluating public procurement was developed.

Organizational and legal forms and differences in the administrative and legal status of the territorial bodies of the federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation

The subject of the study is the norms of administrative legislation regulating the territorial features of public administration in Russia. The chosen topic receives a certain update against the background of the formation of the definition of "system of public authority", which is not fully covered at the doctrinal level. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of legal regulation of the activities of territorial bodies of federal executive bodies. In the context of the functioning of the power vertical, there is a need to unify their administrative and legal status, since the unity of the public authority system is the achieved result of the constitutional reform of 2020. Methodology and research methods. As the basis of the research methodology, the author chose the formal legal method, based on the established principles of dialectical cognition. With its help, the non-transparency of the organization of territorial bodies exercising the fullness of state administration in the subjects of the federation was revealed. The main scientific results of the study are built around the hypothesis of excessive institutionalization of the territorial and central divisions of the executive authorities with the priority of subordinate legal regulation. It has been proved that in this case, both the efficiency of public administration and the trust in public law institutions on the part of civil society may decrease. Conclusions. Based on the legal nature of the territorial bodies of the federal executive authorities, it can be concluded that they are in hierarchical subordination, but at the same time they are endowed with the full implementation of the powers attributed by law to their jurisdiction. In the absence of a single normative act that would detail the constitutional foundations for the exercise of public authority, most of them are established in the manner prescribed by the normative act issued by the entity that manages the activities of the relevant federal executive authority. This practice has hidden defects that reduce the effectiveness of public administration. The best way to create a transparent mechanism of public administration is to abandon the practice of legal regulation of the administrative and legal status of the territorial bodies of federal executive authorities by by-laws. By-laws may have a certain potential in terms of the distribution of powers within the structure of the territorial body of the federal executive authority, however, “status” norms should be present in the provisions of a separate federal law regulating the procedure for the establishment, transformation and liquidation of the territorial bodies of the federal executive authority.

Комплексное исследование правовых основ и проблемных вопросов оказания первой помощи военнослужащим (военнослужащими)

Summary. The purpose of the study is to consider topical issues of legal regulation and improvement of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the issues of first aid to military personnel (by servicemen). Materials and research methods. The theoretical and informational basis of the study was the developments in the field of military and medical law, as well as research in the field of individual issues of legal regulation of medical activity, forensic and military medical examination in the Armed Forces and National Guard troops of the Russian Federation. As a methodology of the study were used comparative-legal and doctrinal approaches, as well as the principles of applying a systematic approach in socio-humanitarian cognition. Research methods were analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy, system method and modeling. Results of the study and their analysis. The issues of legal regulation of first aid to military personnel (by servicemen) are considered. It is noted that the fulfillment of tasks in the sphere of health care and provision of medical assistance to various categories of persons is an important social task, and the improvement of first aid to servicemen (by military personnel) is an important task of health care, allowing to save the lives of the wounded and sick. The list of conditions in which first aid is provided and the list of first aid measures are analyzed, and the federal executive authorities in which servicemen perform military service are enlisted. Some imperfections of norms and legislative prescriptions in the area under consideration are revealed. It is concluded that the results of the study can be used for further scientific developments in the field of military and medical law and training of personnel of military and medical universities.

Approach research of user experience of various target audiences’ interaction with the portal interface

Recently, much attention has been paid to the convenience and accessibility of software products, websites, mobile applications, etc. It increases interest in user-oriented product design and UX design. When developing digital products, designers use a spe cial pool of tools that allow to conduct empirical studies of user experience and model scenarios for the use of software products and services. Such methods and tools as interviews, observation, customer journey mapping (CJM), Persona Frameworks, User Stories, and heatmap have become widespread. Each of them allows to identify problematic areas of a software product or ser vice application, determine the directions of its update so that it fully satisfies users’ needs. It also solves key business tasks. The purpose of the study is to analyze and identify ways to improve the web portal based on usability testing. The official website for posting information on the preparation of draft regulatory legal acts by federal executive authorities and the results of its public discussion (https://regulation.gov.ru) has been taken as the object of the research. The portal plays a significant role in the tasks of ensuring transparency of normative activities in the field of public administration. In this regard, monitoring the effectiveness of the portal and availability of information for a wide audience on it is an urgent task. The study uses usability testing methods, decision-making interview, user feedback matrix, CJM, HotJar, SpyWord, and SemRush as tools of the research. The article describes the features of usability testing. It draws conclusions about possible directions of the portal modernization in order to achieve its convenience for a wide audience. As a result, a number of specific proposals have been formulated.

THE SYSTEM OF FUNCTIONS AS THE BASIS OF THE CONCEPT OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY

The effectiveness of public administration depends on the sustainable development of the system offederal executive authorities, in which the key role is assigned to federal ministries. At the same time, there isno unity in the understanding of the federal Ministry in the legal literature. Accordingly, the article exploresthe theoretical, historical, and legal foundations of the formation of the concept of a federal ministry, whichallow us to talk about changing the vector of building the system of federal executive authorities since 2004in order to optimally restructure it in the event of emergency. The analysis of the current regulatory legalacts defining the essence and content of the organization and functioning of federal ministries is carried out.The author suggests in the definition of the concept of the federal ministry to be based on the functionalprinciple enshrined in the current regulatory legal acts. There are «basic» functions characteristic of allfederal ministries and «additional» functions provided to certain federal ministries in accordance withregulatory acts. The conclusion is made about the understanding of the federal Ministry as a centralizedfederal executive body endowed with appropriate functions.

On the issue of attracting investments in improving energy efficiency

The purpose and relevance of the work. The problem of saving all types of energy and the efficiency of using fossil fuels is a key one for Russia. Financing of measures to improve the efficiency of the use of energy resources is still an urgent problem of our time. The most important issue is to determine the conditions necessary for the successful attraction of investment capital in national and regional measures to improve energy efficiency in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve measures in this area. Methodology. Based on the analysis of existing regulatory documents in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency and the practice of their implementation, theoretical and methodological issues and the possibility of attracting investment capital in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency are considered. Results and scope of application. The defining role of state, municipal and regional executive authorities and the banking sector in promoting investments in energy efficiency measures is shown. Special attention is paid to the importance of work to stimulate energy-saving behavior of energy consumers (organizations and the population), as well as to the need to increase the responsibility of federal executive authorities and heads of enterprises and organizations of all sectors of the economy for the implementation of planned energy conservation and energy efficiency measures. The materials of the work can be used in the process of formation and implementation of federal and regional target programs in the field of energy conservation. Conclusions. The author formulates a conclusion about the need to strengthen state support for increasing the investment attractiveness of energy efficiency measures, to correct state policy in terms of popularizing these measures and strengthening state control over their implementation.

Legal Gaps in the Production and Operation of Mobile Mini-Plants for the Disposal of Production and Consumption Waste

The article examines the problems of the formation of the industry for the management of production and consumption waste. The issues in the field of production and operation of mobile mini-plants for waste disposal are considered. It is revealed that the lack of legal norms regulating the creation and operation of mobile installations hinders the technological development of the industry.It is shown that urban and rural settlements located at a considerable distance from regional centers (near which stationary garbage-processing complexes are being built or functioning) are not covered by regional operators, since the movement of waste becomes unprofitable and financially costly project. Considering that economic activity in the modern world must meet all the requirements and norms of environmental safety, and the creation of a modern branch of the economy must meet the needs of the development of our society. It is recommended to develop together with the interested federal executive authorities a legal document regulating the production and operation of mini-factories and publish it at the level of the Government of the Russian Federation.