Federal Databases Research Articles

New opportunities for effective identification of unknown toxicological patients (a case from practice)

Introduction. The article considers the issues of identification of unknown patients admitted to toxicological medical hospitals on the example of a case from practice. The aim of the study was to develop an effective way to solve the main problem of the lack of information about the identity of a significant part of patients with a toxicological profile during their stay in the hospital until discharge.
 Material and methods. Based on the described practical case, a new highly effective method of identifying unknown patients with a toxicological profile, implemented using forensic DNA analysis, is proposed and tested. 
 Results. As promising ways to improve interdepartmental cooperation in relation to the identification of unidentified living persons who have been admitted with acute poisoning, an algorithm for transmitting selected DNA samples to the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on a system streaming basis is described.
 Limitations. Further verification of DNA samples according to the Federal Database of Genomic Information is carried out by the Ministry of Internal Affairs independently through the regional Forensic Centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, followed by informing the administration of the medical institution.
 Conclusion. The results obtained within the framework of this study demonstrate the high efficiency of establishing the identity of toxicological patients staying in medical hospitals as unknown persons, which represents a direct economic benefit for the healthcare system in the form of an increase in the proportion of patients paid for by territorial health insurance funds.

ПРОГНОЗ РАДИАЦИОННЫХ РИСКОВ РАКА ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ СРЕДИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РАЙОНОВ БРЯНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, ЗАГРЯЗНЕННЫХ ВСЛЕДСТВИЕ АВАРИИ НА ЧЕРНОБЫЛЬСКОЙ АЭС, С УЧЕТОМ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТЕЙ ОЦЕНОК МОДЕЛЕЙ РИСКА

Purpose: Forecasting the lifetime attributable radiation risk of incidence with malignant neoplasm (MN) of the thyroid gland and identifying groups of increased radiation risk (HR) for the population of the Bryansk region currently (at the beginning of 2023) living in six areas most contaminated with radionuclides after the accident at Chernobyl NPP, based on a conservative approach, taking into account dose uncertainty factors and parameters of mathematical risk models. Material and methods: The mathematical model of the radiation risk of thyroid cancer is the model recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The uncertainty assessment of radiation risks was carried out by simulation modeling, i.e. by multiple calculation of random realizations of the risk using the normal or log-normal distribution of all parameters involved in the calculation of this risk. Based on a set of random realizations, 95 % confidence limits of risks were estimated. The Unified Federal Database of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register (NRER) containing reconstructed absorbed doses in the thyroid gland in the population was used as the initial data for the calculation. Results: At the beginning of 2023, the group of 37–40-year-old women is characterized by the maximum radiation risks of thyroid cancer. According to conservative estimates (according to the upper 95 % confidence limits of radiation risk assessments), up to 19.9 % of people from this group may experience the development of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in the future, and for 37-year-old women this proportion can be up to 30.0 %. The greatest risk is predicted for people living in the Krasnogorsk district of the Bryansk region. Radiation-induced thyroid cancer can develop in 40.1 % of individuals from this group. Radiation risks of thyroid cancer in men are up to 10 times lower than in women. For 74.5 % of the population of the entire studied cohort, it is predicted that the maximum individual risk of 5.0×10-5, established by NRB-99/2009 for the population under normal operation of ionizing radiation sources, will be exceeded. Conclusions: At present (since 2023 and for life), the population of the most polluted districts of the Bryansk region continues to be at a high risk of developing radiation-induced thyroid cancers. Women at the age of 0–3 years at the time of exposure (in 1986) should be allocated to the maximum risk group. The results of this work can be used in the preparation of recommendations by health authorities to improve medical monitoring of exposed citizens.

Early Success is not a Prerequisite for Success at the Adult Age in Spanish Sprinters.

The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between success in junior and senior categories in sprint events. An observational and longitudinal analysis was carried out using rankings of the Royal Spanish Athletics Federation database. We analysed 547 sprinters (238 women and 309 men) from their U14 to senior stage who ranked in top-20 on at least one occasion during the period 2004 to 2021. The first entry in top-20 occurred mostly in U14 (44.4%, 243), and the frequency was progressively lower: 26.7% (146) in U16; 20.8% (114) in U18; 5.1% (28) in U20; 2% (11) in U23; and 0.9% (5) in the senior category. A similar tendency was observed in male and female athletes. Only 3.8% (9) of top-20 U14 athletes reached the senior elite stage, increasing this percentage in subsequent categories: 7.4% (15) in U16; 10.6% (24) in U18; 20.9% (32) in U20, and 31.4% (32) from U23 to the senior category. Data from female athletes showed higher maintenance of top-20 status from early categories to senior age. We conclude that even though the first entry into the national top-20 in sprint events occurs early in most cases, success in these initial stages is not a prerequisite for reaching top-20 positions in the senior category.

Cesarean section rates according to the Robson Classification and its association with adequacy levels of prenatal care: a cross-sectional hospital-based study in Brazil

BackgroundThe rate of Cesarean section (CS) deliveries has been increasing worldwide for decades. Brazil exhibits high rates of patient-requested CS deliveries. Prenatal care is essential for reducing and preventing maternal and child morbidity and mortality, ensuring women's health and well-being. The aim of this study was to verify the association between the level of prenatal care, as measured by the Kotelchuck (APNCU – Adequacy of the prenatal care utilization) index and CS rates.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study based on data from routine hospital digital records and federal public health system databases (2014–2017). We performed descriptive analyses, prepared Robson Classification Report tables, and estimated the CS rate for the relevant Robson groups across distinct levels of prenatal care. Our analysis also considered the payment source for each childbirth – either public healthcare or private health insurers – and maternal sociodemographic data.ResultsCS rate by level of access to prenatal care was 80.0% for no care, 45.2% for inadequate, 44.2% for intermediate, 43.0% for adequate, and 50.5% for the adequate plus category. No statistically significant associations were found between the adequacy of prenatal care and the rate of cesarean sections in any of the most relevant Robson groups, across both public (n = 7,359) and private healthcare (n = 1,551) deliveries.ConclusionAccess to prenatal care, according to the trimester in which prenatal care was initiated and the number of prenatal visits, was not associated with the cesarean section rate, suggesting that factors that assess the quality of prenatal care, not simply adequacy of access, should be investigated.

Recommendation for the design of stability studies on clinical specimens.

Knowledge of the stability of analytes in clinical specimens is a prerequisite for proper transport and preservation of samples to avoid laboratory errors. The new version of ISO 15189:2022 and the European directive 2017/746 increase the requirements on this topic for manufacturers and laboratories. Within the project to generate a stability database of European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE), the need to standardise and improve the quality of published stability studies has been detected, being a manifest deficit the absence of international guidelines for the performance of stability studies on clinical specimens. These recommendations have been developed and summarised by consensus of the WG-PRE and are intended primarily to improve the quality of sample stability claims included in information for users provided by assay supplier companies, according to the requirements of the new European regulations and standards for accreditation. This document provides general recommendations for the performance of stability studies, oriented to the estimation of instability equations in the usual working conditions, allowing flexible adaptation of the maximum permissible error specifications to obtain stability limits adapted to the intended use. We present this recommendation based on the opinions of the EFLM WG-PRE group for the standardisation and improvement of stability studies, with the intention to improve the quality of the studies and the transferability of their results to laboratories.

63 Echinococcosis in US patients: retrospective analysis of a neglected zoonosis with regional animal spillover risks

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our objective is to address the gaps in our epidemiologic understanding of Echinococcosis, a neglected and emergent zoonotic parasite in the US. Comparing regional differences in human cases with known Echinococcus genotypes in canine reservoirs will reveal landscape-level transmission risks. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Retrospective analysis of de-identified diagnosis codes for human echinococcosis in the US from 2002-2022 in a federal multi-healthcare network database (TriNetX). Analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival and specific parasite species cohort comparisons with descriptive summaries of demography and co-morbidities, and odds ratios for interventions (surgery, antiparasitics, cyst aspiration) and complications (anaphylaxis, sepsis, etc.) Mitochondrial genomes of Echinococcus spp. from next-generation sequencing ova-positive archival animal scat (National Park Service), along with sequences from published sources in the US, will be used to compare regional genotypic and reservoir host differences. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Over 36,000 US patients were diagnosed with Echinococcosis in the past twenty years. Most cases had an unspecified parasite species, primarily affecting pediatrics (average age 16y +/- 10y) in the South/Southeast US, with very few interventions or medical complications reported. Patients with specific parasite species diagnoses (E. granulosus or E. multilocularis, N=500) had higher rates of mortality (11.7% at 10y), surgical (8.8%) and medical (18.2%) interventions, and complications (2%-17.2%), with demographic differences noted. Sequencing data and analysis pending for 47 Echinococcus positive wolf samples, with 78 additional sequences available for two types of Echinococcus spp. in wildlife, and lacking data for domestic dog-adapted strains in the US. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study revealed a higher-than-expected burden of Echinococcosis in the US, confirming it is an under-recognized neglected and emergent disease. Future studies will address gaps regarding the origin of unspecified infections, with targeted surveillance of domestic dogs in high-risk areas.

The study of relative age effects on weightlifting athletes in U15 and youth age groups

Within the sporting scope, the relative age effects refer to the possible advantages of participation and performance of athletes born in the first months of the year of selection in relation to others within the same age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative age effects by comparing athletes in different body weight categories in the Under 15 (U-15) and youth age group athletes (males and females) in weightlifting. By using retrospective competition data from the Turkish Weightlifting Federation database, a total of 954 Olympic-style weightlifters (U15 and Youth age groups), 605 males and 349 females), who competed in the Turkish Weightlifting Championships between 2018 and 2019, were included in this study. The data on the birthdates of the athletes were divided into four quarters. The athletes were divided into three subset weight classes. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test. In males, the relative age effects were determined in lightweight athletes in the under 15 age group (χ²(3)= 10.00, p< .05), in lightweight athletes in the youth age group (χ²(3)= 10.83, p< .05), in middleweight category (χ²(3)= 14.09, p< .01) and heavyweight category (χ²(3)= 12.96, p< .01). However, relative age effects were not present in the female under 15 age group (p>.05). It can be stated that weightlifting athletes, under 15 age and youth age groups (except youth females), born in the first quarter of the year have a higher chance of success in athletic performance.

Formation of water behavior as an element of lifestyle

Water behavior is a series of simple and complex actions related to the use of water and depending on the knowledge of the norms and rules of behavior in the environment, on the ratio of motivational and emotional components in a persons life. Water behavior, participating in the formation of ecological culture, is an indicator and the most important tool for ensuring the environmental safety of the population and pharmaceutical production, which needs high quality water. It is noted that if drinking water is used in pharmaceutical production directly at individual stages or as a starting material, then regular checks of its quality at the production site are necessary. A certain optimism is brought by the measures that the leadership of Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation has recently taken, aimed at improving the laboratory support of the service by equipping it with high-tech equipment to determine the safety and quality indicators of environmental elements, including water. One of the manifestations characteristic of most subjects of water behavior is the optimistic level of assessment of the state of drinking water supply sources and the quality of drinking water. The authors propose, when building the water behavior of a pharmaceutical production manager, to take into account a number of circumstances related to the chemical safety of drinking water: conducting an inventory and clarifying the list of chemicals that are in circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation and are potentially dangerous toxicants; creation of a federal database on the quality and safety of food products (water) produced and sold in the Russian Federation, including those containing priority chemical pollutants. The consideration of water behavior as an element of lifestyle allows, when modeling the water behavior of pharmaceutical production managers, to orient them towards taking measures to improve the chemical safety of the water factor by improving both water treatment and the laboratory control system.

Differences in sexual adverse events for premature ejaculation medications from a public federal database.

American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines recommend selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) as first-line pharmacotherapy for premature ejaculation (PE). While previous studies have described sexual adverse events (AE) associated with each medication, there is limited data directly comparing rates of specific sexual AEs across SSRIs. This study investigates the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database for reports of monotherapy use of fluoxetine 20 mg, paroxetine 20 mg, sertraline 50 mg, and sertraline 100 mg in males from January 2004-June 2021. We examined 2608 reports from patients using SSRIs for PE or other psychiatric conditions. The average number of AEs was significantly different (p < 0.01) with paroxetine 20 mg having the highest (5.1 AEs/case report). Changes in libido was the most common sexual AE for fluoxetine 20 mg (6.7% of reports), paroxetine 20 mg (4.2%), and sertraline 50 mg (7.2%) while orgasm disorder was the most reported for sertraline 100 mg (3.9%). The SSRIs had different rates of changes in libido, erection disorder, orgasm disorder, and other sexual dysfunction (outside those listed). The SSRIs also differed in the rates of fatigue, ear/hearing changes, headache, and psychological AEs. The differences in specific AEs warrant future studies to determine true differences that would affect patient counseling.

Планирование деятельности оперативных пожарных подразделений на основе показателей расхода воды на тушение пожаров

Introduction. Throughout the entire time a person uses fire in everyday life and at work, water continues to be the main extinguishing agent. Because it is the most accessible and universal resource. At the current level of technological development, it is still impossible to completely replace water with another more effective and affordable means. At the same time, with the growth of the technological level in the social and industrial spheres, the complexity of fires increases, for extinguishing which means of the appropriate level, including water, are required. The tasks of the research are to develop a universal calculation method for determining the water consumption for extinguishing each fire separately according to information from the Federal Database on Fires registered in the Russian Federation. Methods. Big Data technologies based on the methods of mathematical statistics of the Panda and NumPy software modules of the high-level programming language Python 3 are applied. Scientific significance. The documents regulating the activities of fire and rescue units currently apply a universal approach that is uniform for everyone, regardless of socio-economic, climatic and other conditions of activity. Using the example of water consumption standards for external fire extinguishing, the article offers a scientific analysis of the prerequisites for the development of a differentiated approach, taking into account existing developments in regional studies, climatology and other scientific disciplines Results and discussion. The fire registration cards contain information that allows you to determine the types and number of devices for supplying fire extinguishing agents to the fire hearth (fire nozzles). The reference literature provides tactical characteristics of fire nozzles. In addition, the physico-chemical foundations of the development and extinguishing of fires are known, namely the effect of water jets on the fire zone. Previously published scientific articles provide a sufficient number of descriptions of methods for determining water consumption for extinguishing fires. Generalization of the accumulated experience allows us to derive a calculation formula for determining water consumption by fire and rescue units for extinguishing fires. Conclusions. The analysis of the results of the effectiveness of the functioning of the fire and rescue battalion and fire and rescue units can be carried out on the basis of calculation methods. As one of the main methods, it is proposed to use the calculation of the water consumption indicator for fire extinguishing. Keywords: water consumption; operational activities; time of employment; mobile fire and rescue equipment; fire extinguishing agent supply devices; fire nozzle.

Статистический анализ и моделирование данных о ликвидации пожаров на топливно-энергетических предприятиях

PURPOSE. Using the example of statistical data on fires at fuel and energy enterprises for the period from 2000 to 2020, stored in the federal database “Fires”, an algorithm for these data statistical analysis is proposed for constructing a statistical digital twin (SDT) of the type of fires under consideration. The SDT under development is aimed at creating any necessary and adequate to the initial data sample set of records (dataset) for the simulated class of fires for subsequent modeling and other studies. The objectives of this work are the construction of an algorithm and the study of the main key points in constructing the SDT. The object of the study is a set of fires, whose characteristics are enclosed contained in the form of separate records in the database, while the subject of the study is a set of statistical static and dynamic models that should be built on the basis of these data analysis. METHODS. Methods of probability theory, mathematical statistics, simulation modeling and statistical estimation are used. An approach based on the joint use of the Monte Carlo method and bootstrap principles to form adequate training samples is proposed. FINDINGS. MCB-modeling algorithm (Monte Carlo bootstrap) is proposed for generating a statistical sample of data on fires in the amount necessary for machine learning of a wide class of decision support models. The relevance of the proposed approach is due to the fact that in some cases the available statistics are insufficient in volume for building decision support models and other studies. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. SDT, built on the basis of MCB-modeling, will allow forming data samples of the required volume, which are similar to the original databases. CONCLUSIONS. The application of the proposed algorithm for constructing SDT for MCB-modeling will allow building machine-learning models for their use as part of decision support systems in safety systems.

Analysis of promising areas of constructive and technological improvement of units for digging seedlings

The ways to improve the technological process aimed at the digging of various plant species consists of various successive stages. Among them, we can single out the stage of analysis of already existing structural and technological solutions. The article presents an analysis of the directions of development of digging units. The source of information was the open registers of the FIPS of the Russian Federation and foreign databases. During the analysis, the main ways of improving the technological process of digging seedlings and technical solutions for its implementation, as well as ways to achieve a blocked technical result, were identified. Based on the data obtained, a design and technological scheme of the digging bracket has been developed. Further ways of improving the proposed technical solution are outlined.

The rising burden of spondylodiscitis in Germany: An epidemiologic study based on the federal statistical office database

The rising burden of spondylodiscitis in Germany: An epidemiologic study based on the federal statistical office database

An analysis of Canada's declared live wildlife imports and implications for zoonotic disease risk

In Canada, there have been calls for increased research into and surveillance of wildlife trade and associated zoonotic disease risks. We provide the first comprehensive analysis of Canadian live wildlife imports over a 7-year period (2014–2020), based on data from federal government databases obtained via Access to Information requests. A total of 1 820 313 individual animals (including wild-caught and captive-bred animals but excluding fish, invertebrates, Columbiformes (pigeons), and Galliformes (game birds)), from 1028 documented import records, were imported into Canada during 2014–2020. Birds were the most imported taxonomic class (51%), followed by reptiles (28%), amphibians (19%), and mammals (2%). In total, 22 taxonomic orders from 79 countries were recorded as imported. Approximately half of the animals (49%) were imported for the exotic pet market. Based on existing literature and a review of the Canadian regulatory apparatus, we gesture to these importations' potential implications for zoonotic disease risk and discuss potential biosecurity challenges at the Canadian border. Finally, we identify data gaps that prevent an extensive assessment of the zoonotic disease risk of live wildlife imports. We recommend data collection for all wildlife importation and improved coordination between agencies to accurately assess zoonotic disease risk.

Proximity matrix indicates heterogeneity in the ability to face child malnutrition and pandemics in Brazil: An ecological study.

Among the social inequalities that continue to still surpasses the basic rights of several citizens, political and environmental organizations decisively "drag" the "ghost" of hunger between different countries of the world, including Brazil. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the difficulties encountered in fighting poverty, which has led Brazil to a worrying situation regarding its fragility in the fight against new pandemics. The present study aims to estimate, compare, and report the prevalence of mortality due to child malnutrition among the macro-regions of Brazil and verify possible associations with the outcome of death by COVID-19. This would identify the most fragile macro-regions in the country with the greatest need for care and investments. The prevalence of mortality was determined using data from the federal government database (DataSus). Child malnutrition was evaluated for the period from 1996 to 2017 and COVID-19 was evaluated from February to December 2020. The (dis)similarity between deaths from malnutrition and COVID-19 was evaluated by proximity matrix. The North and Northeast regions have above average number of deaths than expected for Brazil (p < 0.05). A prospective analysis reveals that the distribution of the North and Northeast macro-regions exceeds the upper limit of the CI in Brazil for up to the year 2024 (p < 0.05). The proximity matrix demonstrated the close relationship between deaths from COVID-19 and malnutrition for the Northern region followed by the Northeast region. There are discrepancies in frequencies between macro-regions. Prospective data indicate serious problems for the North and Northeast regions for the coming years. Therefore, strategies to contain the outcome of health hazards must be intensified in the macro-regions North and Northeast of the country.

Primary Treatment Results in Patients with Ovarian, Fallopian or Peritoneal Cancer-Results of a Clinical Cancer Registry Database Analysis in Germany.

Simple SummaryDiagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancers has changed significantly over the last years. However, the role of primary surgery and chemotherapy remain important parts of the multimodal treatment. Furthermore, real life data are often lacking but are very important for improving quality indicators and for hypothesis generation for future trials. The present work represents the first major analysis of federal cancer registry data of OC patients in Germany. Overall, 2771 primary OC cases were included. The results clearly elucidate quality measurements and treatment results and show good treatment outcomes in patients with primary OC compared to other internationally reported outcomes.Background: The current therapy of ovarian cancer is based on the so-called “Three-Pillar-Model”, consisting of surgery, chemotherapy and maintenance therapy. This study represents the first major analysis of a federal cancer database of OC patients from the states Berlin/Brandenburg in Germany. The primary objective was to evaluate the prevailing established quality indicators surgical outcome, adjuvant chemotherapy and integrity of surgical staging in early stages. Methods: Data from the Clinical Cancer Registry for Brandenburg and Berlin of the years 2009–2019 were analyzed. Objectives were defined by a working group of selected physicians. Descriptive statistics were performed, as well as survival analysis. Results: A total of 2771 primary OC cases were included. Results regarding histological subtype met the suspected allocation with predominantly high-grade serous OC in advanced stage. The rate of complete surgical staging in FIGO stages I–IIA was 57%, and the rate of macroscopic complete resection in >FIGO III was 53%. Five-year survival rate varied from 79% (FIGO I) to 40% (FIGO III). Rate of adjuvant chemotherapy was above 50%. Conclusion: The results elucidate quality measurements and treatment results and show good treatment outcomes in patients with primary diagnosis. However, they also indicate deficits and can help to establish new quality indicators to further improve the treatment.

Psychosocial and behavioral health indicators among immigrant and non-immigrant recent mothers

BackgroundPerinatal risk factors can vary by immigration status. We examined psychosocial and behavioral perinatal health indicators according to immigration status and immigrant characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 33,754 immigrant and 172,342 non-immigrant childbearing women residents in Manitoba, Canada, aged 15–55 years, who had a live birth and available data from the universal newborn screen completed within 2 weeks postpartum, between January 2000 and December 2017. Immigration characteristics were from the Canadian federal government immigration database. Logistic regressions models were used to obtain Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between immigration characteristics and perinatal health indicators, such as social isolation, relationship distress, partner violence, depression, alcohol, smoking, substance use, and late initiation of prenatal care.ResultsMore immigrant women reported being socially isolated (12.3%) than non-immigrants (3.0%) (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 6.95, 95% CI: 6.57 to 7.36) but exhibited lower odds of depression, relationship distress, partner violence, smoking, alcohol, substance use, and late initiation of prenatal care. In analyses restricted to immigrants, recent immigrants (< 5 years) had higher odds of being socially isolated (aOR: 9.04, 95% CI: 7.48 to 10.94) and late initiation of prenatal care (aOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.12) compared to long-term immigrants (10 years or more) but lower odds of relationship distress, depression, alcohol, smoking and substance use. Refugee status was positively associated with relationship distress, depression, and late initiation of prenatal care. Secondary immigrants, whose last country of permanent residence differed from their country of birth, had lower odds of social isolation, relationship distress, and smoking than primary migrants. There were also differences by maternal region of birth.ConclusionImmigrant childbearing women had a higher prevalence of social isolation but a lower prevalence of other psychosocial and behavioral perinatal health indicators than non-immigrants. Health care providers may consider the observed heterogeneity in risk to tailor care approaches for immigrant subgroups at higher risk, such as refugees, recent immigrants, and those from certain world regions.

Intramammary use of antibiotics in dairy farms in the canton of Ticino before, during and after Staphylococcus aureus genotype B elimination

The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of intramammary antibiotics before, during and after the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus genotype B (SAGTB). Data on intramammary antibiotic use was collected in 65 dairy farms as part of a pilot project for SAGTB elimination in the canton of Ticino from 2017 to 2019. The investigated farms were divided into 46 affected farms (with at least one SAGTB-positive animal) and 19 control farms (SAGTB-free farms). Data on antibiotic use were requested from veterinarians and treatment incidence, as a measure of antibiotic use, was calculated based on medical records and veterinary prescriptions. In addition, the treatment incidence was calculated for 47 farms during alpine farming period. In 2018 (elimination year), the mean incidence of treatment during lactation in the SAGTB-positive farms was significantly higher than in the control farms (p=0,003). In 2019 no significantly lower antibiotic use during lactation or dry period was detected between 2017 (before elimination) and 2019 (after elimination). Alpine farming places where only S. aureus genotype B-negative animals had access to had a significantly lower antibiotic use during lactation (p=0,004). The new federal database (Antibiotics Information System in Veterinary Medicine, IS ABV) should allow continuous monitoring and to confirm the reduction of antibiotic use in the coming years.

Lethal Police Encounters and Cardiovascular Health among Black Americans.

This study uses insights from social stress theory to examine associations between exposure to police killings of Black Americans and cardiovascular health among Black women and men. Data on lethal police encounters come from the Mapping Police Violence (MPV) database, which allows for examination of total exposures to police killings of Black people and exposures to events when decedents were unarmed. MPV data are merged with the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 26,086) and state-level information from multiple federal databases. Four cardiovascular health outcomes are examined-hypertension, diabetes, heart attack, and stroke. After adjusting for important risk factors, results from gender-stratified multilevel logistic regressions reveal a positive association between exposures to police killings of unarmed Black people and odds of hypertension among Black women and stroke among Black men. Total exposures to police killings of Black people are also associated with greater likelihood of stroke for Black men. Findings from this study demonstrate that stress exposures generated by the quantity and injustice of police killings have important implications for cardiovascular health among Black Americans. Furthermore, adverse cardiovascular health associated with exposure to police violence tends to manifest differently for Black men and women.

Assessment of the Use of Sex and Gender Terminology in US Federal, State, and Local Databases

Assessment of the Use of Sex and Gender Terminology in US Federal, State, and Local Databases