Fecal Samples Of Children Research Articles

Epidemiologia das gastroenterites associadas aos rotavírus e adenovírus em humanos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no período de 1998 a 2002.

<span class="texto">A gastroenterite é uma das principais causas de morbidade entre crianças em países desenvolvidos e de mortalidade nos países em desenvolvimento. Os rotavírus são responsáveis pela maioria dos casos de diarréia e infectam praticamente todas as crianças nos primeiros 3 a 5 anos de vida. Os adenovírus entéricos são o segundo agente viral mais freqüentemente associado a diarréia, contudo sua epidemiologia não foi bem estabelecida. A presença de rotavírus e adenovírus foi investigada entre crianças da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2002. Amostras fecais de crianças com diarréia foram testadas para a presença do RNA de rotavírus por PAGE e para a presença de adenovírus por EIARA. Foram detectados rotavírus em 12% das crianças. A maior incidência da infecção por rotavírus foi observada nos meses de abril a setembro, os mais secos e frios do ano na região de estudo. A ocorrência de adenovírus foi observada em menor freqüência (6%), não apresentando padrão de sazonalidade definido.</span>

Ocorrência de Cryptosporidium sp em amostras fecais de crianças, menores de 10 anos de idade, com indicação clínica de Rotavírus

The presence of oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp was investigated in 485 fecal samples of children with clinical indication of Rotavirus. No significant differences were observed between Cryptosporidium sp. and rotavirus occurrence and fecal consistency. Cryptosporidium sp also should be performed in the laboratory diagnosis of diarrheic episodes in children.

Identification of rotavirus associated to serotype G2 in Yucatan, Mexico

In the present study, rotavirus G2 serotype was identified from fecal samples of children with gastroenteritis from the city of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Virological diagnosis of disease was performed using polycrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoenzymatic assay. Out of 149 analyzed samples 25 (16.7%) gave positive reaction to rotavirus groups A, of these 23 (92%) were identified as serotype g2, subgroup i and electrophoretic short pattern, whereas 2 (8%) were identified as subgroups II and electrophoretic long pattern, however, the G serotype was not possible to determine. Rotavirus G serotype has not been detected in more than 90% of samples since 1985. This indicates that the number of people susceptible to G2 serotype within the population has increased over recent years, which perhaps indicates that an important outbreak of acute infectious diarrhea caused by the rotavirus G2 serotype may be forthcoming.

Sequence conservation and expression of the gene encoding the outer capsid glycoprotein among human group C rotaviruses of global distribution.

Group C rotaviruses have been identified recently from fecal samples of children with diarrhea in the United States. Using reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis, we sequenced gene 8s encoding VP7 from two U.S. strains (RI-1 and RI-2), and eight other strains isolated from patients on four continents, and compared these with the sequences of four published strains. The gene 8s of the 14 strains were remarkably conserved in size and in predicted primary and secondary structures. When the sequences of the human VP7s were compared with that of the prototype porcine Cowden strain, six regions were found variable in both deduced primary and predicted secondary structures, four of which were predicted to be hydrophilic and might determine serotype specificity. Gene 8 of the human S-1 strain was further characterized by expression in recombinant baculoviruses. The expressed product was immunogenic but failed to elicit neutralizing antibodies. Our sequence analysis indicates that all the human strains characterized to date belong to a single G genotype, which may constitute a single G serotype, pending further antigenic analysis. Whether the human strains and the Cowden strain are the same serotype remains to be determined.

Examen coproparasitológico en niños: comparación de resultados obtenidos por dos métodos en dos instituciones de Santafé de Bogotá, D.C.

This survey was carried out in order to compare the frequency of intestinal parasite detection by direct wet film in stool specimens from children done simultaneously at the Hospital Infantil Lorencita Villegas de Santos (HILVS) and at the Parasitology Department of the Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS). The usefulness of tao methods for the detection of intestinal parasites in the same institution (INS) was compared - direct wet examination and concentration by the formalin-ethersedimentation technique, Four hundred and eighty seven faecal samples of children were taken randomly from 2,954 received at HILVS during six months. A fraction of each sample was sent from the hospital to INS for its parasitological examination. Later on, 305 out of 398 clinical records belonging to children whose stools had been examined every day during three consecutive days, were retrospectively reviewed to describe some demographic factors and the possible signs and symptoms which necessitated the stool examination. The signs and symptoms found by the revision of the clinical records did not necessarily correspond to those associated with intestinal parasites. I No parasites were detected in two hundred and seventy seven (56.9%) samples. Of the two hundred and ten (43.1%) positive samples, pathogenic parasites were found in ninety three (19.1%) The concordance between the examination of faeces at HILVS and INS was measured by the Kappa index. The strength of agreement was almost perfect for Giardia lamblia, substantial for Trichomonas hominis, moderate for lodamoeba bütschliiand Entamoeba coli, fair for Endolimax nana, Trichuris trichiura and Blastocystis hominis, slight for Entamoeba histolytica and poor for Entamoeba hartmanni. The sensitivity and specificity values obtained from direct wet examination and the forrnalin-ether sedimentation technique showed a greater identification of parasites by the concentration method. Nevertheless, there is overlapping between the upper limit of the confidence interval for the direct wet mount and the lower limit of the confidence interval for the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. It is therefore not possible to conclude that the sensitivity of the concentration method is better than that of the direct wet mount. The overall and specific prevalences of parasites were lower than those reported by the National morbidity survey on intestinal parasitism. The study emphasizes the following topics: 1) the need to set up guidelines and precise indications for ordering faecal examinations in order to avoid loss of time and money; 2) the importance of the accuracy of the diagnostic methods, and 3) the need to establish precise morphological criteria for the correct identification of parasites at any laboratory.