Fecal Noxious Gas Emission Research Articles

Effect of dietary Achyranthes japonica extract on growth performance of growing pigs and absorption rate of quercetin in blood.

This study was done to investigate the effects of the incorporation of Achyranthes japonica extracts (AJE) in diet on the production parameters of growing pigs. Exp 1: Total, 105 crossbred pigs (average body weight: 24.47 ± 2.46 kg) were used in a 6-week feeding trial. Pigs (seven replicates, five pigs per pen) were allotted randomly to three treatments. Dietary treatments: CON (basal diet); basal diet with 0.025% AJE, and basal diet + 0.050% AJE). Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial count, and fecal noxious gas were assessed in this study. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were not affected by the addition of up to 0.05% AJE. In the case of apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and digestible energy (DE) were not changed in 3rd and 6th weeks of the feeding trial through the addition of AJE up to 0.05% in the growing pig diet. In microbial count, Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli count at 3rd and 6th week was similar in all the treatment diets. The inclusion of AJE at levels up to 0.05% in growing pig diet had no effect on the production of NH3, H2S, acetic acid, and CO2 in the feces. After ending the Exp 1, a total of nine pigs were divided into three treatment groups. Treatment diets were included, TRT1, basal diet + powder quercetin 30 g; TRT2, basal diet + powder quercetin 150 g; TRT3, basal diet + powder quercetin 300g. Rate of absorption in blood was increased with the higher dose of quercetin. The results suggested incorporation of AJE up to 0.05% has no significant effect on ADG, ADFI, and G:F, as well as DM, N, and DE digestibility, fecal microbial count, and fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs, even though no negative effect was found.

Supplemental impact of silymarin in growing pig diet on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, faecal microflora, faecal noxious gas emission and absorption rate in blood.

The research was done to examine the impact of dietary silymarin on growth performance, total tract digestibility, faecal microbial, faecal gas emissionand absorption rate in blood of growing pigs. Experiment 1: a total of 140 growing pigs (24.47 ± 2.49 kg) were used in a 6-week trial. There were four dietary treatment groups (sevenreplicate pens/treatment, five pigs/pen) and treatment diets composed of corn, soybean meal (SBM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and rapeseed meal-based basal diets with 0%, 0.025%, 0.050%and 0.10% of micelle silymarinrespectively. Experiment 2: A total of 18 pigs were divided into six treatment groups. Treatment diets: TRT1, TRT2 and TRT3 were basal diets with 30, 150and 300 g powdered silymarinrespectively; and TRT4, TRT5 and TRT6 were basal diets with 30, 150and 300 g micelle-type silymarinrespectively. Average daily gain (ADG) tended to increase (p < 0.10) at Week 3 and overall experiment after silymarin addition. Overall ADG and average daily feed intake are also intended to improve (p < 0.10) linearly in this study. During Week 6, growing pigs fed silymarin showed linearly increased (p < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, nitrogenand energy. Dietary silymarin supplementation increased (p < 0.10) linearly the faecal Lactobacillus count at Week 3 while Escherichia coli count was linearly decreased at both the 3rdweek (p < 0.05) and 6thweek (p < 0.10). Silymarin supplementation showed no effect on faecal gas emissions. A higher (p < 0.05) absorption rate in the blood was found in micelle-type silymarin compared to powdered silymarin after the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12thand 24th h of feeding. Results suggest that silymarin in a corn-SBM-DDGS-rapeseed meal-based diet may help to improve ADG, FI, ATTDand faecal microflora in growing pigs. And absorption rate in the blood of pig is higher in micelle-type silymarin.

Tributyrin and anise mixture supplementation improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility, jejunal villus height, and fecal microbiota in weaned pigs.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of tributyrin and anise mixture (TA) on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emission, fecal score, jejunal villus height, hematology parameters, and fecal microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 150 21-day-old crossbred weaned pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were used in a randomized complete block design experiment. All pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups based on the initial body weight (6.19 ± 0.29 kg). Each group had 10 replicate pens with 5 pigs (three barrows and two gilts) per pen. The experimental period was 42 days and consisted of 3 phases (phase 1, days 1-7; phase 2, days 8-21; phase 3, days 22-42). Dietary treatments were based on a corn-soybean meal-basal diet and supplemented with 0.000, 0.075, or 0.150% TA. We found that dietary supplementation of graded levels of TA linearly improved body weight, body weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed efficiency (P < 0.05). TA supplementation also had positive effects on apparent dry matter, crude protein, and energy digestibility (P < 0.05) and jejunal villus height (P < 0.05). The emission of ammonia from feces decreased linearly with the dose of TA increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, TA supplementation was capable to regulate the fecal microbiota diversity, manifesting in a linearly increased Chao1 index and observed species and a linearly decreased Pielou's index (P < 0.05). The abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Clostridium butyricum were increased, while the abundance of Prevotella copri was decreased, by treatment (P < 0.05). Therefore, we speculated that TA supplementation would improve growth performance and reduce fecal ammonia emission through improving nutrient digestibility, which was attributed to the increase of jejunal villus height and the regulation of fecal microbiota.

Effects of dietary supplementation of diacylglycerol on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emission, and hematology parameters in weaned piglets

A total of 120 21-day-old weaned piglets ((Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of diacylglycerol (DAG) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emission, and hematology parameters in a 42-day experiment. All pigs were randomly assigned to three groups based on the initial body weight (6.47 ± 0.45 kg). There were eight replicate pens per treatment and five pigs (three barrows and two gilts) per pen. The DAG in the levels of 0%, 0.05%, or 0.10% was used as supplement to the corn–soybean meal-based basal diet. Piglets fed the diet supplemented with graded levels of DAG linearly increased the average daily gain (ADG) during days 22–42 ( P = 0.027) and 1–42 ( P = 0.048). In addition, a tendency in the linear reduction of fecal ammonia ( P = 0.095), hydrogen sulfide ( P = 0.078), and methyl mercaptan ( P = 0.085) emission was observed by increasing the DAG levels in the diet. However, feeding pigs with DAG-containing diet had no significant effects on the nutrient digestibility and hematology parameters. Therefore, the suitable dose of DAG used in the diet of weaned piglets was at 0.10% to improve ADG and reduce fecal gas emission.

Effects of dehulled lupin kernel (DLK) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, fecal microbiota and fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs

Effects of dehulled lupin kernel (DLK) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, fecal microbiota and fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs

Silybum marianum seed extract supplementation positively affects the body weight of weaned piglets by improving voluntary feed intake.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Silybum marianum seed (SMS) extract on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emission, and hematology parameters in weaned piglets. A total of 120, 21-day-old weaned piglets ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were randomly assigned to 3 groups based on the average initial body weight (6.46 ± 0.45 kg). There were 8 replicate pens per treatment and 5 pigs (mixed sex) per pen. The experimental period was 42 days. Dietary groups included a basal diet, and a basal diet supplemented with 0.05% or 0.10% SMS extract. Feeding weaned piglets with SMS extract containing diet significantly increased average daily gain and average daily feed intake. Additionally, the supplementation of SMS extract had no significant effects on nutrient digestibility, serum hematology, and fecal noxious gas emission parameters. We considered that the supplementation of SMS extract had positive effects on the voluntary feed intake in weaned piglets, thus improving growth performance.

PSIV-11 Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Quillaja Saponin or Fructooligosaccharide and a Mixture of Both on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fecal Microbial, and Gas Emissions in Growing Pigs

Abstract Quillaja saponin is derived from the soap bark (Quillaja saponaria Molina) tree, contains a triterpenoid (non-steroidal) sapogenin structural component and exhibits a variety of effects when used as a feed additive. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Quillaja saponin and fructooligosaccharide alone or in combination on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, and fecal noxious gas emissions in growing pigs. A total of 100 pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) average body weight (BW) of 23.83 ± 1.95] were randomly allotted into 1 of 4 dietary treatment groups according to initial BW and sex (5 replicate/ treatment, with 3 gilts and 2 barrows per pen) in a 56-d trial. The treatments included a basal diet as negative control (NC), QS diet (QS, NC+ 0.2% QS), a FOS diet (FOS, NC+ 0.10% FOS), and a QS plus FOS diet (QSFOS, NC+ 0.2% QS+ 0.10% FOS). Pigs fed diet supplemented with QS, FOS, and QSFOS resulted in increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake during d 28-56 and 0-56, as well as improved the digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen during day 56 compared with NC. On d 28 and 56, there was an increase (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in body weight in the treatment’s groups compared with NC. The fecal Lactobacillus counts was increased and a reduction (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in fecal E. coli counts and HN3 and CO2emission from the feces was observed from pigs fed QS, FOS, and QSFOS supplemented diets. Dietary QS, FOS, and QSFOS supplementation has beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, and noxious gas emissions in growing pigs.

Effects of Dietary Protein Level and Supplementation of Protease on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Gut Microflora, Intestinal Morphology, and Fecal Noxious Gas Emission in Weanling Pigs

Effects of Dietary Protein Level and Supplementation of Protease on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Gut Microflora, Intestinal Morphology, and Fecal Noxious Gas Emission in Weanling Pigs

Effects of long-term feeding of Achyranthes japonica Nakai extract as a supplement to diets with different protein levels diets on the growth performance and meat quality characteristics of growing-fattening pigs

Reductions in dietary protein and the supplementation of diets with feed additives have become two practical strategies in swine production to reduce costs and promote pig growth and health. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of long-term feeding of Achyranthes japonica Nakai extract (AJE) combined with different dietary protein levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, fecal microbiota, fecal noxious gas emissions, meat quality, and carcass grade in growing-fattening pigs. In total, 144 crossbred [Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace)] growing pigs with average initial body weight (BW) of 23.77 ± 1.65 kg were used in a 16-week feeding experiment. The pigs were randomly sorted into one of six dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of dietary protein—high crude protein (HCP) vs. low crude protein (LCP), each without (0 g/kg) or with two doses of AJE (0.5 g/kg and 1 g/kg) based on the BW and sex [four pigs per pen (two barrows and two gilts); six pens per treatment]. All samples were taken at the end of the growing (week 6) and fattening (week 16) phases. Growth performance indices were also assessed in the middle of the fattening phase (week 11). The addition of both dosage of AJE improved the average daily gain (ADG) throughout the experimental period. Similarly, the ADG was higher in pigs fed the HCP diet than in those fed the LCP diet during weeks 6 and 11 and throughout the experimental period. At weeks 6 and 16, positive effects on digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial population, fecal gas emission concentrations, and the water holding capacity of meat were observed in pigs fed AJE-supplemented diets. The pigs fed the HCP diet had higher nitrogen digestibility, blood total protein, serum growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 at both weeks 6 and 16. Furthermore, pigs fed the HCP diet had higher blood urea nitrogen concentrations and carcass weights at week 16, and lower fecal Escherichia coli counts at week 6. Additionally, lower concentrations of fecal ammonia and total mercaptans were observed at weeks 6 and 16, respectively. In summary, AJE and high dietary crude protein level improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, fecal microbiota, fecal noxious gas emission, and meat quality but no interactive effects between protein level and AJE were observed.

Effects of the Inclusion of Dietary Organic Acid Supplementation with Anti-Coccidium Vaccine on Growth Performance, Digestibility, Fecal Microbial, and Chicken Fecal Noxious Gas Emissions

A total of 792 conventional healthy 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers chicks (mixed gender) with average body weight of 42.30±1.14 g (mean ± SD) were used in the experiment, which lasted for 35 days. Chicks were randomly allotted into one of four treatment diets, each one having 11 replicate cages with 18 birds each, being fed corn-soybean meal (SBM) based diets. Dietary treatments were CON (basal diet with unvaccinated birds); OA = CON + 0.1% organic acids; ACB = CON + anti-coccidium vaccine; OAACV = CON + 0.1% organic acid + anti-coccidium vaccine. Significant results were observed, with improved body weight (p=0.059; 0.064; 0.034) during days 1-7, 8-21, and overall, respectively. Significant effects were also observed on the feed conversion ratio (p=0.037) through the overall experiment, with no effects on feed intake on OAACV as compared to other treatment groups. Total track digestibility of dry matter (p=0.049) improved significantly in the OAACV treatment group. Additionally, beneficial effects were observed in the OAACV treatment group, with improvements in fecal microbial population (increased lactobacillus) and reduced NH3 gas emissions. Broilers fed the OAACV treatment tended to display reduced drip loss in the meat samples analyzed on days 5 and 7 (p=0.067, 0.072). In summary, our findings revealed that dietary inclusion of organic acid supplementation with anti-coccidium had a beneficial effect on broilers affected by coccidian infection, also improving growth performance, digestibility, fecal Lactobacillus counts, and reducing NH3.

Effects of two bacillus strains probiotic supplement on reproduction performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, fecal score, excreta odor contents and fecal microflora in lactation sows, and growth performance in sucking piglets

• To evaluate the effects of three concentrations (0.0%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) of dietary supplementation with two bacillus strains probiotic (BP) in lactation sows and their piglets,. • The 0.2% BP supplemented in sow diets could improve the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter,. • The content of NH 3 emission, and total mercaptan, and E. coli were linearly decreased when sows fed diets supplementation with 0.2% BP,. • Suckling piglets’ body weight and average daily gain were linearly increased by 0.2% BP supplementation in sow diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two bacillus strains probiotic ( BP ) supplement on reproduction performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, fecal noxious gas emission, and fecal microflora in lactation sows, and growth performance in their piglets. A total of 24 multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) and their litters were used in a 28 d experiment. On 111 d of gestation, sows were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments with 8 sows and their litters per treatments. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) control ( CON ): basal diet, 2) BP0.1: CON + 0.1% two bacillus strains probiotic; and 3) BP0.2: basal diet + 0.2% two bacillus strains probiotic. The body weight ( BW ), feed consumption, and backfat thickness of sows were checked. Number of piglets born, live, stillbirth and mummification were also recorded to calculate the survival rate after farrowing. Individual piglet BW was assessed to calculate average daily gain ( ADG ). Flesh fecal samples was collected to evaluate apparent total tract digestibility ( ATTD ), fecal microbial and gas emission. Supplementation with the BP linearly increased the piglets BW at 21 d and 25 d ( P < 0.05), and ADG during different grow period ( P < 0.05). The ATTD of dry matter ( DM ) in sow supplemented with BP was linearly improved (linear, P < 0.05). Sows fed BP supplementation diets had a reduction in fecal NH 3 concentration (linear, P < 0.05). At weaning, sows fed with the BP supplementation diets had reduced E. coli population (linear, P < 0.05). Our results indicated that the BP in sow diets improved DM digestibility, reduced E. coli concentration, and decreased NH 3 and total mercaptan concentrations. Sucking piglet's growth performance was increased by supplementation BP of the sow diet.

Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus based probiotic product supplementation on the blood profile, fecal noxious gas emission, and fecal shedding of lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria in healthy adult Beagle dogs

Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus based probiotic product supplementation on the blood profile, fecal noxious gas emission, and fecal shedding of lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria in healthy adult Beagle dogs

복합생균제가 육계의 생산성, 혈액생화학성분과 면역지표, 소화효소 활성도, 분중 미생물 및 유해가스 발생에 미치는 영향

복합생균제가 육계의 생산성, 혈액생화학성분과 면역지표, 소화효소 활성도, 분중 미생물 및 유해가스 발생에 미치는 영향

Effects of dietary levan-type fructan on growth performance, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas emissions, and litter performance in lactating sows

In total, 28 multiparous sows (n = 7) and their litters were used to determine the effects of levan-type fructan supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fecal noxious gas emissions. The dietary treatments included (1) CON, basal diet; (2) FC1, CON + 0.1% fructan; (3) FC2, CON + 0.2% fructan; and (4) FC3, CON + 0.3% fructan. No significant differences were observed (P &gt; 0.05) in body weight (BW), average daily feed intake, or back fat loss in lactating sows among treatments. However, blood lymphocyte concentrates were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in sows fed levan-containing diets than in those fed the CON diet. Weaning BW and overall average daily gain (ADG) of piglets in the FC3 treatment were higher (P &lt; 0.05) than piglets in the CON treatment. Blood lymphocytes and nutrient digestibility of sows, as well as the weaning BW and the ADG of piglets were increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) as the concentration of levan increased in the diet. The diarrhea score of piglets and the fecal gas emissions of sows decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) as dietary levan increased. In conclusion, levan supplementation did not affect feed intake or decrease back fat loss of lactating sows, but it improved nutrient digestibility and immune ability, decreased fecal noxious gas emissions of lactating sows, and it improved growth performance and reduced diarrhea in piglets.

Can dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae replace fish meal in weaned pigs?

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the influence of substitution of fish meal with dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal noxious gas emission in weaned pigs. A total of 240 crossbred weaned pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] at 22 d of age with an average body weight (BW) of 6.90 ± 0.03 kg were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 10 pigs per replicate (pen) according to BW. Dietary treatments included: 1) CON, basal diet with 2% fish meal; 2) T1, basal diet with 1% fish meal and 1% dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor); T2, basal diet with 2% dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). During d 0-7, weaned pigs fed T2 diet had higher (P 0.05) red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocyte, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, insulin-like growth factor or immunoglobulin G and fecal ammonia, hydrogen sulfide or total mercaptans emission. Taken together, the dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae did not outperform the fish meal in this study.

Laying performance, egg quality, haematological traits, and faecal noxious gas emission of laying hens fed with Tenebrio molitor meal

Laying performance, egg quality, haematological traits, and faecal noxious gas emission of laying hens fed with Tenebrio molitor meal

Effect of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and garlic (Allium sativum) product mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microflora, faecal noxious-gas emission and meat quality in finishing pigs

Context Dietary supplementation with a single feed additive or a combination of different feed additives as growth promoters has been researched extensively. However, few studies have tested the combined use of probiotics (yeast culture) and phytogenics (garlic products) in pigs. Aims The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of a mixture of yeast culture, garlic extract and garlic essential oil (YGM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microflora, faecal noxious-gas emission and meat quality in finishing pigs. Methods Two hundred [(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] finishing pigs (50.37 ± 1.89 kg) were randomly allotted into two dietary treatments on the basis of bodyweight (BW) and sex for a 10-week feeding trial. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (CON) and CON containing 0.1% of YGM. The YGM was composed of 54.5% of yeast culture, 40% of garlic extract powder and 5.5% of garlic essential oil. There were 20 replicated pens per treatment, with five pigs (3 barrows and 2 gilts) per pen. Pig BW was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Feed consumption was recorded daily during the experiment, on a pen basis, to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Key results Dietary YGM supplementation resulted in a higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) final BW and ADG than in the control groups. Pigs fed YGM supplementation diet led to a higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) digestibility of dry matter (DM) than in CON. The emission of hydrogen sulfide gas from faeces was significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) decreased in pigs fed YGM diets; however, ammonia and total mercaptan emissions were not influenced. There were no differences in meat-quality parameters between the two treatments. Conclusions Dietary YGM supplementation exerted beneficial effects on BW and ADG and DM digestibility, reduced hydrogen sulfide gas emission, and did not have any adverse effects on meat-quality parameters that are related to consumer acceptance. Implications The study has provided a basis and insight for future research on application of a combination of yeast culture, garlic extract and garlic essential oils, as an alternative to antibiotics in finishing pig diets.

Effects of a matrix-coated organic acids and medium-chain fatty acids blend on performance, and in vitro fecal noxious gas emissions in growing pigs fed in-feed antibiotic-free diets

This study evaluated the efficacy of a matrix-coated organic acids and medium-chain fatty acids blend (MCOFA) in growing pigs. Ninety six pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 47.71 ± 3.73 kg were used in a 6 wk experiment. Pigs were allotted to diets containing 0 or 2 g kg−1 of MCOFA, and 0 or 2.5 g kg−1 of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Pigs fed diets supplemented with MCOFA had improved growth efficiency compared with those fed a diet without MCOFA (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs receiving the diets supplemented with both AGP and MCOFA had higher apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein, dry matter, fat, and gross energy (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs fed AGP × MCOFA diet had increased serum urea nitrogen (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs fed diets supplemented with AGP had reduced fecal ammonia (NH3) gas emissions compared with those fed without AGP (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, pigs fed diets supplemented with MCOFA had reduced fecal NH3 and acetic acid gas emissions compared with those fed without MCOFA (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with MCOFA improved performance in growing pigs.

Effect of dietary fermented corn in different energy dense diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ileal microorganisms, and fecal noxious gas emission of growing pigs

This study evaluated the efficacy of fermented corn (FC) in growing pigs. One hundred twenty-eight growing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc)] with an initial body weight of 29.59 ± 1.34 kg were used in a 6 wk experiment. Pigs were assigned into one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of nutrient density (high energy: 3.37 Mcal kg−1, or low energy: 3.29 Mcal kg−1) and FC (0% or 20% substitute for corn). Pigs fed diets with FC increased (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) overall. Pigs fed with high-density (HD) diets increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and gain to feed (G/F) ratio overall. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and nitrogen (N) increased (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed with FC diets compared with pigs fed the diets without FC. In addition, pigs fed with HD diets increased (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of DM and GE compared with low-density (LD) diets. Furthermore, pigs fed with HD diets had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of DM and GE than those fed with LD diets. Both LD and FC supplementation led to lower (P &lt; 0.05) fecal gas emission content. Pigs fed FC diets increased ileal Lactobacillus concentration and decreased Escherichia coli concentration. An interactive effect between nutrient density diet and FC was observed on the G/F, Lactobacillus on ileal microorganisms, and nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, the results indicated that dietary supplementation of HD diets and FC improved performance in growing pigs.

96 Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fecal Microbiota and Fecal Noxious Gas Emission in Weaning Pigs Fed High and Low Density Diet with and without Protected Organic Acid Blends.

96 Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fecal Microbiota and Fecal Noxious Gas Emission in Weaning Pigs Fed High and Low Density Diet with and without Protected Organic Acid Blends.