Recurrent Febrile Seizures Research Articles

Predictors of recurrent febrile seizure in children aged from 6 months to 5 years: A cross-sectional study

Objective: To study the clinical profiles of children with febrile seizures, comparing those with single episodes to recurrent cases, and identify predictors of recurrence. In addition, to develop a scoring system to predict recurrence after the first febrile seizure, and identify modifiable risk factors to mitigate recurrence risks. Methods: This cross-sectional study included children aged 6 months to 5 years with typical febrile seizures, seen as inpatients or outpatients of the Department of Pediatrics at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Data were collected via parent interviews, physical exams, and laboratory tests. The questionnaire covered demographics, antenatal, natal, and postnatal events, seizure history, family history, immunization, daycare attendance, and fever management. Clinical evaluations ruled out central nervous system infections and fever causes were diagnosed per ICD-10 at discharge. Laboratory tests assessed anemia, dyselectrolytemia, and hypoglycemia. Data were analyzed in SPSS Version 25 using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Chi-square tests, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI), with significance set at P<0.05. Results: 451 children were included in this study. Low birth weight (OR=2.60, 95% CI=1.12-6.33, P=0.026), age at first episode <12 months (OR=0.28, 95% CI=0.16-0.48, P>0.001), family history of febrile seizure (OR=5.21, 95% CI=2.92-9.28, P>0.001), no intermittent prophylaxis (OR=15.25, 95% CI=7.05-32.90, P>0.001), treatment for fever (OR=0.26, 95% CI=0.13-0.51) and low socioeconomic status (OR=5.87, 95% CI=3.32-10.38) were significantly associated with recurrent febrile seizures. Conclusions: Low birth weight, age at first episode ⩽12 months, family history of febrile seizure, no intermittent prophylaxis, inadequate treatment for fever and low socioeconomic status were significant risk factors for having recurrent febrile seizures in children aged from 6 months to 5 years.

Assessment Of Risk Factors For Recurrent Febrile Seizures Among Children Aged Below 5 Years

Background: Febrile seizures are seizures that occur between the ages of 6 and 60 months with a temperature of 100.4°F or higher, that are not result of CNS infection or any metabolic imbalance and that occur in the absence of a history of prior afebrile seizures. They occur in around 2% of 5% of children and recurrence is seen in about one-third of children. Very few studies till now reported the risk factors of recurrence of febrile seizure from India. Therefore, the present study was conducted to know the risk factors associated with recurrence of febrile seizures among South Indian children. Objectives: 1. To know the incidence of recurrence of febrile seizures among children. 2. To study the risk factors of recurrent febrile seizures among children aged below 5 years. Materials and Methods: 50 children with febrile seizures were included. The study was done in the Department of Pediatrics at ASRAM, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India. Male and females children aged 6 months to 5 years with clinical features suggesting febrile seizures were included. Results: Among 50 children included, 22 had recurrent febrile seizures and 28 had no recurrent febrile seizures. Overall 29 children were males. Family history of febrile seizures, young age, family history of epilepsy, temperature below 102°F, less duration of fever, complex febrile seizures are found to be risk factors for recurrence. Gender and duration of febrile seizures were not associated with the recurrence. Conclusion: The current study revealed that younger age at onset of 1 st episode of seizure, lower temperature during the episode, brief duration between onset of fever and seizure episode and family history of febrile seizures were associated with recurrence of febrile seizures.

Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor in the occurrence and recurrence of febrile convulsions in children?

Background: Febrile seizure (FS) is the commonest childhood seizure. Our aim was to evaluate low Serum 25(OH) vitamin D level (vitamin D) as a risk factor for FS and whether vitamin D supplementation reduces its recurrence. Methods: A prospective cohort of children aged 6-60 months with FS (cases) and children with fever ≤3 days without seizures (controls) were recruited over a 2-year period. Vitamin D level was measured; those with low levels (<20 ng/ml) were treated with vitamin D for 3 months. Telephonic follow up was done upto 3 months regarding compliance, thereafter, upto 24 months for seizure recurrence. Results: 259 children (125 cases,134 controls) were recruited. Overall, 90 children (34.7%) had low vitamin D level. There was no difference between cases and controls with low vitamin D levels (p=0.37). 22 (17.6%) children had seizure recurrence. Of this serum vitamin D level was low in 2 (9.1%) while 20 (90.9%) had sufficient levels (p=0.021). The odds ratio for FS recurrence was 5.8 times higher among cases with normal vitamin D level (>20 ng/ml). Conclusions: There was no difference in mean vitamin D levels between cases and controls. However, there was significantly lower seizure recurrence in children who had low vitamin D level at presentation and had received vitamin D therapy. We postulate that treatment with vitamin D may reduce risk of FS recurrence even in those with serum vitamin D level in the “sufficient” range as per the recommended guidelines. Larger RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.

Dravet syndrome an unusual cause of atypical febrile seizure: a case report

Dravet syndrome is a rare refractory epileptic encephalopathy with an underlying genetic basis. It presents with recurrent febrile seizures in infancy. Though development is normal in infancy, neurodevelopmental delay and neurologic disability begin after the onset of seizure at the age of around 2-4 years. The outcome can be improved by early diagnosis (genetic testing for SCN1A gene) and timely treatment. In this case report we are presenting a 3-year-old female child with recurrent refractory epilepsy associated with fever and was diagnosed with Dravet syndrome.

Prescription patterns of home rescue benzodiazepines for febrile seizures

ObjectiveTo describe the prescription patterns of home, non-intravenous rescue benzodiazepines (non-IV-rBZDs) for febrile seizures and the factors associated with their prescription. MethodsRetrospective descriptive study using the MarketScan Commercial Database, a large database of employer-sponsored privately insured patients in the United States. We used data from January 1st 2006 to December 31st 2022. We studied patients with febrile seizures as the main code for the healthcare encounter (identified with International Classification of Diseases codes) with age from 6 months to 5 years of age and with at least 1 month of follow-up. ResultsThere were a total of 82,835 patients [median (p25-p75) age 1.0 (1.0–2.0) years, 56.7 % males] with at least one febrile seizure, of whom 9,737 (11.8 %) filled at least one non-IV-rBZD prescription. Among the 9,737 patients who filled at least one prescription, the median (p25-p75) time from first febrile seizure to non-IV-rBZD prescription was 27 (2–186) days. Among the factors known at the time of the first febrile seizure, complex febrile seizure (OR: 3.51, 95 % CI: 3.24–3.79), and an initial inpatient hospitalization for febrile seizure (OR: 3.53, 95 % CI: 3.29–3.79) were the factors most strongly associated with filling a non-IV-rBZD prescription. In contrast, sex, rural patient's residence, and salary employment (versus other employment class) were not independently associated with filling a non-IV-rBZD prescription. Among the factors known at the end of follow-up, complex febrile seizures, type of initial encounter, and an eventual diagnosis of epilepsy were major independent factors associated with filling a non-IV-rBZD prescription. ConclusionOnly approximately 12 % of children with a febrile seizure filled a prescription for a home non-IV-rBZD. The major factors independently associated with prescription were complex febrile seizure, hospital admission, recurrent febrile seizures, and an eventual diagnosis of epilepsy.

Risk factors and predictors of recurrence of febrile seizures in children in Nantong, China: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundAlthough most children with febrile seizures (FS) have a favorable prognosis, some experience recurrence within 1–3 years. Age, peak temperature, and family history are now recognized as important risk factors for FS recurrence, yet studies in this area are lacking in China. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for FS recurrence in children in Nantong, China, and to develop a prediction model.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed 463 children diagnosed with febrile seizures (FS) who presented to the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between January 2015 and June 2020. Basic information, disease characteristics, and laboratory and imaging data were collected. A follow-up survey was conducted one year post-discharge to assess the recurrence status of FS in children. Univariate logistic regression and random forest models were used to identify and rank the predictive ability of risk factors for recurrence.ResultsOf the 463 children with FS, 70 experienced recurrences within 1 year of discharge, resulting in a one-year recurrence rate of 15%. Age (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.80, P < 0.001), duration of the first episode (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.06, P = 0.040), and peak temperature (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.98, P = 0.036) were identified as independent risk factors for FS recurrence. Age had the highest relative importance in predicting FS recurrence, followed by the duration of the first episode, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.717.ConclusionYoung age and duration of the first seizure are important independent risk factors for FS recurrence and are key considerations for predicting recurrence. Further research is needed to confirm the potential use of Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of FS recurrence.

Percepcija roditelja o febrilnim konvulzijama u djece

Aim. To examine the perception of parents of children suffering from febrile seizures in relation to management procedures for febrile seizures, parents’ gender, and their opinion regarding the need for additional education.Methods. The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Osijek Clinical Hospital Centre, in February and March 2023. The respondents were 32 parents of children hospitalized for febrile seizures. A questionnaire on parents’ perception of febrile seizures was used.Results. There were 32 respondents, 15 (47%) male and 17 (53%) female. A total of 20 (62%) respondents were not aware that their child was having a febrile seizure attack, 6 (19%) respondents thought their child was dying, and 4 (13%) respondents thought their child was losing consciousness. During seizure, a significant number of respondents, 16 (50%), of them, felt fear as the dominant emotion, and 13 (41%) respondents felt panic. A total of 9 (28%) respondents felt ready for recurrent febrile seizure, while 6 (19%) respondents were not or could not assess their readiness. A total of 29 (91%) respondents believed that they needed additional education.Conclusion. Parents are mostly unaware that their child is having a febrile seizure and feel fear and panic. Male parents call emergency medical services significantly more often than female parents. Parents are not sufficiently prepared for the recurrent seizures, and most of them believe that they need additional education.

The Effect of Intermittent Oral Anticonvulsant Levetiracetam in Prevention of Recurrence of Febrile Seizure in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study

The Effect of Intermittent Oral Anticonvulsant Levetiracetam in Prevention of Recurrence of Febrile Seizure in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study

The Role of Electroencephalography in the Prediction of Relapse of Febrile Convulsion in Patients Aged between 6 to 60 Months: A Prospective Cohort Study

AbstractFebrile seizures (FS) are the most common type of seizure in pediatrics, and patients with FS can present with recurrent febrile seizures (RFS). Some clinical factors have been known to predict RFS, but there is no consensus regarding electroencephalography (EEG). We aimed to determine the ability of EEG to predict RFS. This prospective cohort study was done in children aged between 6 and 60 months. The EEG was performed on patients 2 weeks after the FS, and the patients were followed up for 6 months. Two hundred patients were enrolled. Recurrence of febrile convulsion occurred in 27% of the patients. A higher risk of recurrent seizures was seen in females compared with males (p = 0.04, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.83), children with a family history of seizure (p = 0.011, HR = 2), people with fever-to-seizure interval &lt;1 hour (p = 0.009, HR = 6.1), as well as 1 to 24 hours interval between fever and seizure (p = 0.033, HR = 2.15), aEnd patients with abnormal EEG findings compared with normal EEG (p = 0.001, HR = 4.45). There was no significant relationship between RFS and other studied factors. This study showed the ability of EEG to predict RFS, and the results showed a higher likelihood of recurrence occurring in subjects with abnormal rather than normal EEG.

RELATED FACTORS TO RECURRENCE OF FEBRILE SEIZURES IN CHILDREN AT CAN THO CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 2022 – 2023

Background: Febrile convulsions are a fairly common emergency in children, accounting for up to 2/3 of children with symptomatic convulsions in diseases with identified causes. Febrile seizures are a medical emergency in pediatrics. Seizure recurrence can affect the child in many ways, including the risk of injury, respiratory failure during a seizure, or increased risk of epilepsy. The recurrence of febrile seizures is directly related to prognosis and prevention in children. Objectives: 1) Describe the clinical characteristics of febrile seizures in children from 6 months to 60 months at Can Tho Children's Hospital. 2) Risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures in children from 6 months to 60 months at Can Tho Children's Hospital. Materials and methods: Crosssectional descriptive study with analysis of 125 children with febrile seizures. Results: Out of the total of 125 cases, the male/female ratio was 1.55/1, the age group with a higher percentage was 6 - 24 months old (51.2 %), 60% of children with febrile seizures were recorded with fever ≥ 390C, most cases were generalized seizures accounting for 98.4%. Regarding consciousness after a seizure, 1 case was recorded, corresponding to 0.8% of children with consciousness disorder after a seizure. The recurrence of febrile seizures was statistically significantly related to the type of febrile seizure (p &lt; 0.001), the time from fever to the onset of the first seizure (p &lt; 0.05), and morphology of seizures (p &lt; 0.05). There is no relationship between recurrence of febrile seizures and age group, gender, temperature during seizures, as well as the child's history of surgery. assisted cesarean section/birth premature birth. Conclusions: Recurrence of febrile seizures is associated with a number of clinical features such as the classification of febrile seizures, the interval between fever and the first seizure, and the morphology of seizures.

Serum HMGB1 in febrile seizures

The role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures (FSs) is unclear. In our controlled follow-up study, we compared serum levels of HMGB1 (s-HMGB1) in the same individuals after the first FS, during febrile episodes without a FS, after recurrent FS, during healthy periods after FS, and between patients and controls. In all, 122 patients with FSs were included in the final analysis, including 18 with recurrent FSs with a complete follow-up protocol. We recruited 30 febrile children and 18 matched febrile children without seizures as controls. S-HMGB1 was lower in patients with recurrent FSs after the first FS than that in matched febrile control children (median 1.12 μg/L (0.14–2.95) vs 1.79 μg/L (0.33–47.90), P<0.04). We did not find any other differences in s-HMGB1 between the groups. S-HMGB1 did not differ in different types of FSs. We updated a meta-analysis of s-HMGB1 in patients with FSs and found that the differences were significant only in the studies conducted in East Asian populations. We conclude that S-HMGB1 does not seem to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of FSs but differences in HMGB1 concentrations could explain some of the ethnicity related susceptibility to FSs.

Case Study Application of Warm Compresses to Reduce Hyperthermia in Children with Febrile Seizures

Children are more susceptible to infectious diseases, which often cause high fever. When the fever experiences a continuous increase in temperature above 380C, it will result in febrile seizures in children. Recurrent and untreated febrile seizures can have long-term impacts, such as neurological and behavioral disorders, and can increase the mortality rate in children. This research contributed to applying warm compresses to reduce hyperthermia. The research design uses a descriptive method with a case study approach with one research sample. This research uses a bleeding maintenance process approach starting from assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. The research results showed a case study of a child patient with febrile seizures who had problems with hyperthermia on the first day. An assessment was carried out on the first day; the body temperature was measured at 38.50C (the skin looked reddish and felt warm), and I had one seizure. The interventions and implementation provided to children are based on SIKI standards (Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards). The nursing implementation in this case study was planned to overcome the problem of hyperthermia by applying warm compresses. Warm compresses are applied for three days, lasting 30 minutes and 2 hours before administering the drug. Implementation was carried out on February 20–22, 2023. After hyperthermia management, temperature regulation, and warm compresses on the third day of evaluation, the results showed a temperature of 36.5 °C with no recurrent seizures occurring. The conclusion is that there is a significant change due to the effect of warm compresses on reducing body temperature in pediatric patients with hyperthermia in cases of febrile seizures.

COMPARISON OF INTRAVENOUS DIAZEPAM AND INTRAVENOUS MIDAZOLAM FOR TREATMENT OF RECURRENT FEBRILE SEIZURES

Background: Recurrent febrile seizures are seizures in children less than 5 years of age which reoccur within 24 hours. Benzodiazepines such as midazolam and diazepam are used to stop and decrease the recurrent rate of febrile seizures. The objective of study was to compare the efficacy of intravenous midazolam with intravenous diazepam for treatment of recurrent febrile seizures in paediatric patients. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study observed 60 children aged 6 to 59 months with recurrent febrile seizures who presented at paediatric clinic in Combined Military Hospital Kharian and THQ Hospital, Kharian from Sep to Nov 2023. The response time was noted for children who received intravenous midazolam 0.2 mg/Kg only and IV diazepam 0.2 mg/Kg only. The children were randomly allocated into group A (midazolam group) and Group B (diazepam group.) Study was done after taking informed consent from the parents. Both drugs were given during the fits. Results: The time interval from drug administration to cessation of febrile seizures was 2.50±0.94 minutes in the midazolam group and 2.4±1.12 minutes in the diazepam group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.567). Minor dizziness and sedation were the only main effects reported. Conclusion: Both diazepam and midazolam have same efficacy in the treatment of recurrent febrile seizures. Pak J Physiol 2024;20(1):12?4

Characteristics and Risk Factors of Central Nervous System Infection in Children With Febrile Seizures.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the necessity of performing lumbar puncture in patients experiencing febrile seizures, considering the epidemiology specific to Brazil. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed from January 2017 to December 2021. A total of 469 children with seizure and fever were analyzed. The identified event was the first in 65.9% (n = 309). A total of 54.2% (n = 254) of patients had a simple febrile seizure. Infectious focus, excluding previous central nervous system (CNS) infection, was identified in 35.6% (n = 167) patients. Meningitis was identified in 7.7% (n = 36) patients, all of them were viral. Patients with CNS infection had a higher frequency of symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, headache, and higher level of leukocytosis. A longer duration of fever was found to be more strongly associated with CNS infection. When considering the use of lumbar puncture in febrile seizure, it is important to conduct a comprehensive evaluation that considers multiple factors, including clinical signs, symptoms, and the overall clinical context. Meningeal signs may be less prominent, and other symptoms such as lethargy, irritability, and vomiting may serve as more reliable indicators. Although clinical examination suggestive of meningitis remains an important factor, the recurrence of febrile seizures and a longer length of fever can provide additional insights and aid in decision-making regarding lumbar puncture.

Clinical and laboratory parameters associated with febrile seizure recurrence within the first 24 h: a ten-year cohort study.

We assessed clinical and laboratory parameters associated with early recurrence of febrile seizure in patients presenting at the Emergency Department with a first episode. Case series of patients admitted to the emergency department with the first episode of febrile seizure for ten consecutive years. Exclusion criteria were focal features and prolonged duration (>15 min). We included 693 patients, 284 (41%) female. Median age of 20 (IQR 15-27) months. Fifty-two (8%) patients had a recurrence within 24 h. At univariate analysis, patients with recurrent seizures had higher use of antipyretics (88% vs. 74%, P = 0.03, OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1-7.7), higher median maximal body temperature (39.3 °C, IQR 38.9-39.9, vs. 38.9, IQR 38.4-39.3, P < 0.001, OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5-2.6) and presented with a lower proportion of respiratory tract infections (54% vs. 70%, P = 0.02) compared to patients without recurrence. A maximal body temperature equal to or higher than 39 °C was associated with a higher recurrence (11% vs. 4%, P < 0.001, OR 2.9, 95% CI: 1.6-5.6). Hyponatremia was not associated with a risk of recurrence. The multivariate analysis confirmed a direct association with body temperature (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5-3.7, P < 0.001), and an inverse association with respiratory tract infections (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9, P = 0.01), while antipyretic use was not correlated (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 0.8-5.2, P = 0.2). High body temperature and respiratory tract infections were (directly and inversely) associated with recurrences. Consideration of these conditions might help for anticipating the probability of recurrence.

Hubungan Motivasi Dengan Perilaku Orang Tua Dalam Pencegahan Kejang Demam Berulang Pada Balita Di Ruang Asoka RSUD dr. Murjani Sampit

Toddlers are children in the age range of 0-5 years old. The childhood period is the most vulnerable to diseases. Febrile seizures are often encountered in toddlers, where the body temperature rises suddenly and becomes a triggering factor for seizures. Based on the frequently occurring phenomenon, many parents do not know how to handle seizures, and when a child has a fever, it is not handled properly, such as not immediately applying warm compresses to the child, not giving fever-reducing medicine. Therefore, some parents still lack strong motivation to prevent febrile seizures. The research aims to analyze the relationship between motivation and parental behavior in preventing recurrent febrile seizures in toddlers in the Asoka Room of RSUD dr. Murjani Sampit. This is a quantitative study, correlational design with a cross-sectional approach, and total sampling technique. The sample consists of 54 parents. Data collection is done using two questionnaires: a motivation questionnaire and a behavior questionnaire, using the Spearman rank statistical test. The research results obtained a p-value of 0.000 &lt;0.05, indicating a relationship between motivation and the behavior of preventing recurrent seizures in toddlers in the Asoka Room of RSUD dr. Murjani Sampit. The correlation coefficient value is 0.553, meaning it has a strong positive relationship. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between motivation and parental behavior in preventing recurrent seizures in toddlers in the Asoka Room of RSUD dr. Murjani Sampit.

Febrile Seizures: An Updated Narrative Review for Pediatric Ambulatory Care Providers.

While generally self-limited, febrile seizures result in significant familial distress. Ambulatory pediatric care providers must be prepared to counsel families on the causes, risk factors, management principles, and prognosis of children with febrile seizures. To provide an updated, evidence-based review of febrile seizures focused on the needs of an ambulatory pediatric care provider. A narrative review of the literature prioritizing landmark articles, metanalyses, longitudinal population longitudinal cohort studies and national level guidelines. Febrile seizures are aberrant physiological responses to fever in children caused by complex interactions of cytokine mediated neuroinflammation, environmental triggers, and genetic predisposition. Other than investigations to determine fever etiology, routine bloodwork, lumbar punctures, neuroimaging and electroencephalograms are low yield. The general prognosis is excellent, however, clinicians should be aware of long-term outcomes including: cognitive impairment with non-simple febrile seizures; neuropsychiatric associations; recurrent febrile seizure and epilepsy risk factors; and the association between complex febrile seizures and sudden unexpected death. Children with a high risk of recurrence, complex febrile seizures, limited access to care, or extreme parental anxiety may benefit from intermittent oral diazepam prophylaxis. Clinicians should consider four management priorities: 1) terminating the seizure; 2) excluding critical differential diagnoses; 3) investigating fever etiology; and 4) providing adequate counselling to families. The clinical approach and prognosis of febrile seizure can be based on subtype. Children with non-simple (i.e. complex or febrile status epilepticus) febrile seizures require closer care than the vast majority of children with simple febrile seizures, who have excellent outcomes.

The Influence of Health Education Using Animattion Video Media on the Level of Knowledge of Mothers About the Management of February Seizures in Toddlers

Improper handling of children with febrile seizures has an impact on the occurrence of recurrent febrile seizures or complications can occur. Several factors influence a person's knowledge, namely the provision of health education. Supporting media is important in delivering health education. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of health education on the level of mother's knowledge about the cruel treatment of fever in toddlers. The research design was (one-group pre-post test design). The number of samples in this study were 54 mothers who came to Posyandu Dahlia, Kerjen Village. This research was conducted on May 10, 2023. The research instrument used SAP, animated videos and pre-test questionnaires. The results of this study show that based on the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistical test at the pretest and post-test a p-value of 0.000 or &lt;0.05, then Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, which means that there is an influence in providing health education using animated videos on the level of mother's knowledge about handling febrile seizures in toddlers. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as material for evaluation and information in supporting Pediatric Nursing regarding the management of damam seizures in toddlers.Keywords: Knowledge, media, febrile seizure

The Influence of Health Education Using Animattion Video Media on the Level of Knowledge of Mothers About the Management of February Seizures in Toddlers

Improper handling of children with febrile seizures has an impact on the occurrence of recurrent febrile seizures or complications can occur. Several factors influence a person's knowledge, namely the provision of health education. Supporting media is important in delivering health education. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of health education on the level of mother's knowledge about the cruel treatment of fever in toddlers. The research design was (one-group pre-post test design). The number of samples in this study were 54 mothers who came to Posyandu Dahlia, Kerjen Village. This research was conducted on May 10, 2023. The research instrument used SAP, animated videos and pre-test questionnaires. The results of this study show that based on the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistical test at the pretest and post-test a p-value of 0.000 or &lt;0.05, then Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, which means that there is an influence in providing health education using animated videos on the level of mother's knowledge about handling febrile seizures in toddlers. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as material for evaluation and information in supporting Pediatric Nursing regarding the management of damam seizures in toddlers.Keywords: Knowledge, media, febrile seizure

Etiological and risk factors in recurrent febrile seizures: Insights through EEG analysis.

Febrile seizures, convulsive episodes in young children during febrile illnesses, are a significant concern due to their potential for recurrence and associated uncertainties. This study investigated the causes and risks associated with recurrent febrile seizures and the critical role of electroencephalogram (EEG) in their accurate diagnosis. Following Institutional Review Board approval and going through the consenting process with parents, this study gathered the clinical features and EEG recordings of children admitted with febrile seizures in the Department of Pediatrics, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, India. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation (SD), frequencies, and percentages, were computed to understand the data comprehensively. The Chi-Square test was employed to analyze the association between variables, with a significance level of 0.05, ensuring reliable and trustworthy findings. Out of 42 children studied, 28 (66.67%) presented with simple febrile seizures, with the mean time of occurrence of seizures from the onset of fever being 7.85 hours. Abnormal EEG was seen in 50% of children with complex febrile seizures and 16% with simple febrile seizures. Generalized epileptiform discharges were the most common epileptic activity observed. Low sodium levels had a significant relationship with febrile seizures in the analysis. This study emphasizes the importance of EEG in diagnosing febrile seizures, particularly in complex cases. Our findings suggest that low sodium levels may be a significant risk factor for febrile seizures. Further research is necessary to identify other preventable risk factors to reduce the burden of the medical condition.