Word-formation Features Research Articles

The author's neologisms of W. Gibson's science fiction novel "Mona Lisa Overdrive": Features of word formation and translation from English into Russian

The author's neologisms of W. Gibson's science fiction novel "Mona Lisa Overdrive": Features of word formation and translation from English into Russian

Features of onyms in M. Karim’s works

Onomastics in fiction is a promising, young, but a rapidly developing branch of knowledge in linguistics. It expresses the importance of onomastic material in different ways, and its inclusion in scientific circulation covers the study of a wide range of historical, geographical and linguistic issues, starting from ancient times to the present time.Onyms are an important component of the semantic and stylistic system in the author’s use of language in fiction. They organically and willingly join the system of linguistic means of a literary text, participate in the formation of the work’s overall expressiveness, entering the author’s lexicon as an important indicator of the author’s style and creating an “onomastic space” of the work.Onyms in Bashkir, as well as in many Turkic languages, arouse the interest of many scientists. This article studies structural and word-formation features in the work of the national Bashkortostan poet Mustai Karim. A characteristic feature of the great writer’s literary texts is the use of word-formation suffixes in the onym formation in a work of fiction. In addition, we explored the components of these words. The study of the word formation structure and system of the presented lexemes proves that they will always comply with the norms of the Bashkir language.

Integrated End-to-End automatic speech recognition for languages for agglutinative languages

The relevance of the problem of automatic speech recognition lies in the lack of research for low-resource languages, stemming from limited training data and the necessity for new technologies to enhance efficiency and performance. The purpose of this work was to study the main aspects of integrated end-to-end speech recognition and the use of modern technologies in the natural processing of agglutinative languages, including Kazakh. In this article, the study of language models was carried out using comparative, graphic, statistical and analytical-synthetic methods, which were used in combination. This paper addresses automatic speech recognition (ASR) in agglutinative languages, particularly Kazakh, through a unified neural network model that integrates both acoustic and language modeling. Employing advanced techniques like connectionist temporal classification and attention mechanisms, the study focuses on effective speech-to-text transcription for languages with complex morphologies. Transfer learning from high-resource languages helps mitigate data scarcity in languages such as Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Turkish, and Azerbaijani. The research assesses model performance, underscores ASR challenges, and proposes advancements for these languages. It includes a comparative analysis of phonetic and word-formation features in agglutinative Turkic languages, using statistical data. The findings aid further research in linguistics and technology for enhancing speech recognition and synthesis, contributing to voice identification and automation processes.

Neologisms in English marketing discourse: semantic and word-formation features

Neologisms in English marketing discourse: semantic and word-formation features

Derivational peculiarities of the high style vocabulary in the lyrics of I.A. Brodsky and A.A. Tarkovsky

The article is devoted to the word-formation features of high style vocabulary on the material of I.A. Brodsky’s and A.A. Tarkovsky poetry. The author shows the continuity of the poetic language of Brodsky and Tarkovsky with the heritage of Pushkin, and links lexical resources used by these poets with the corpus of Slavic words in the Russian literary language. The productivity of book word-formation type of nominative and objectifical names with abstract feature with suffixes -ость/- есть, -ство/-ество, lexical apophathisms, formed by prefix-suffixal method with prefixes без- and не-; the productivity of book-poetic verbal nouns with suffixes --ениj-/-ниj-, verbal derivatives of nouns with the suffix -тель; poets’ active use of participial forms. The conclusion is made about the commonality in the representation of stylistic synthesis by I.A. Brodsky and A.A. Tarkovsky. Along with the widely represented book vocabulary, their poetry reflects common and expressive vocabulary of colloquial style. Style synthesis testifies to the syncretism of the author’s perception of reality: subjective experience is combined with collective, value beginning.

Developing the skills of a word-formation analysis in Chinese students

This article is devoted to the problem of international students’ step-by-step study of Russian word formation basics. The article puts forward the suggestion that the study of the Russian word-formation features should initially be based on the linguistic structure of the student’s native language, in particular, Chinese. Taking into account the L1 characteristic features will allow the teacher to create a certain logic for presenting the linguistic material, to detect similarities and differences between the mother tongue and the target language. Thus, the understanding of the typological differences between the Russian and Chinese languages highlights the need to develop the skills for isolating morphemes in a word, especially the root morpheme, and only then to introduce tasks, focused on the assimilation of certain, primarily productive word-formation models, into the educational process. We propose to use stylistic comments when working with derivative words of productive word-formation types and to use graphs that allow the students to understand the mechanisms of word production in the Russian language. By gradually expanding the range of analyzed lexemes, we develop the skill of isolating derivational affixes, primarily regular ones, teach international students to determine the word–formation meaning depending on the nature of the generating basis, to see and explain semantic shifts in derived formations, contributing to a better understanding of the pair “derivational base” – “derivative”. Moreover, it will be a serious reason for expanding the students’ vocabulary. The presented analytical work on the word-formation material is supposed to be carried out taking into account the principles of clarity, consistency and structuring.

Names of food and beverages in Russian-Ukrainian translation dictionaries of the early 20th century

Various dictionaries created for peculiar purposes play an important role in obtaining the necessary information as well as the translated general language reference books. Nowadays we observe considerable interest in the lexicographic heritage of the first post-revolutionary years and the times of Ukrainization. Among the popular sources are: «Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary» (1918) by V. Dubrovskyi, «Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary» (1918) by S. Ivanytskyi and F. Shumanskyi, academic «Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary» (1924–1933) A. Krymskyi and S. Yefremov under ed. Consequently, the above mentioned resources became the subject of our research.
 The main purpose of this study is to both select and analyze the food and beverages vocabulary which is recorded in these three dictionaries, compare its spelling and word-formation features within the diverse dictionaries of the same timeframe, as well as to trace the usage and fixation of these words in the modern Ukrainian language.
 Lexicographic works of the post-revolutionary era contain a considerable number of units related to food and beverages. All three dictionaries contain as many as 700 of such units. The vast majority of identified names have remained popular till today, with the exception of some interesting, little-known, rare, dialectal and regional units.
 According to our estimates, the recorded food vocabulary is quantitatively greater than the amount of units related to beverages. Nevertheless, the analyzed dictionaries highlight a high number of diverse types of beverages, specifically alcoholic ones.
 The highest toll of units accounts for diversified flour products (including baked, boiled and fried ones). Especially varied are the names of pastries that are intendedly used for daily consumption, although there are also present the names of the festive bread products. Predominantly, it happens to be Ukrainian traditional and well-known till nowadays (in rare cases – foreign) food vocabulary units.
 Additionally, the analyzed dictionaries show a record of quite a large scale of the animal source foods, including meat and fish ones. A large number of dairy products both raw and cooked are found throughout the research. There are many names of dishes from different vegetables and cereals, for instance – soups, porridges etc. Meat is often supposed to be one of the components of such a meal. The most commonly noticed ingredients include potatoes and cabbage out of vegetables and millet, buckwheat, corn, peas, and oats out of cereals.
 The names of sweets and desserts which are quite diverse in most of the cases form the long-established and modernly used lexical units. These nouns include both colloquial and non-normative lexemes that have different spelling, grammatical structure and features, etc.
 Wide group of listings in the analyzed sources is related to the names of drinks. Especially commonly used are the names of alcoholic beverage groups like liqueurs, bitters, wines, varieties of vodka, etc. The names of those beverages vary humongously and arise on the basis of raw material they are made of. Modern lexicographical sources contain both well-known types of these beverages as well as less familiar names.
 Dictionaries include the names of non-alcoholic hot and cold beverages which are grossly understated compared to other groups. All the topic related names are widely spread and are commonly known.
 In addition, together with the above mentioned food and beverages vocabulary, the studied sources present us a number of lexemes that are used to have completely different meanings in modern lexicographic sources. The analysis, additionally, demonstrates the words that normally belongs to different lexical and semantic groups, but in the modern Ukrainian vocabulary is also used to define food. This include both ambiguous and homonymous lexemes.

Adjectives in the Upper-Kama dialect of the Komi-Permian language

Introduction. The paper deals with the description of grammatical and word-formation features of the adjectives in the Upper-Kama dialect of the Komi-Permian language. The purpose of the study is to characterize the syntactic relations of an adjective with a defined word; linguistic analysis of grammatical categories of an adjective: consideration of the formation and distribution of members of grammatical categories of degrees of comparison and degrees of quality; identification of features of word formation. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of linguistic audio materials collected and recorded on digital media during several dialectological expeditions with the participation of the author to the area of residence of the Kirov Permians in the period from 2002 to 2012. Descriptive and comparative methods were used in writing the article. Results and Discussion. Based on the field material, the paper studies the grammatical and derivational features of the adjectives in the Upper Kama dialect of the Komi-Permian language. In particular, the functioning of this part of speech as a definition and nominal predicate is considered; cases of adjective congruence in adjective and predicative functions are described; the grammatical categories of degrees of comparison and degrees of quality are characterized, the main word building suffixes are presented. Conclusion. The study revealed a significant influence of the Russian language on the formation of attributive syntactic constructions and grammatical forms of the adjective. The specific morphological features characteristic in the Komi dialect area only for the studied idiom are recorded.

Морфемный анализ лексических единиц как метод обучения китайскому языку как иностранному будущих лингвистов

The aim of the research is to substantiate, from the point of view of the semantic transparency of the modern Chinese language vocabulary, the rationality of using the method of morphemic analysis when introducing and explaining the meaning of lexical units to students of the training program 45.03.02 Linguistics. This research considers 4 levels of semantic transparency of the Chinese vocabulary, analyses the possibility or impossibility of using the morphemic analysis method, which involves explaining the meaning of a compound Chinese word through explaining the meaning of the morphemes that make it up, as well as the grammatical relationships that underlie the combination of morphemes into compound words. Based on the semantic transparency of the Chinese vocabulary, methodological recommendations are proposed that are applicable when introducing and explaining the meaning of complex words in the Chinese language, aimed at increasing the concentration of students’- future linguists’ attention, repeating and consolidating previously studied material, developing the skills of analysing lexical units from the point of view of word-formation and semantic structures. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematic study of the semantic transparency of the Chinese vocabulary as one of its main features and its practical application when introducing new vocabulary and explaining the meaning of compound words. As a result of the research, it was proved that the implementation of the morphemic analysis method when introducing and explaining the meaning of complex words allows increasing the concentration of students’ attention, involving them in the process of analysing new words. This contributes to the repetition and consolidation of previously studied material, deepening the knowledge of students - future linguists about the word-formation features of the Chinese language, forms the skills of analysing complex lexical units and significantly increases the speed of memorizing lexical units by students.

POLISSYA AND SLOBODA LEXICAL PARALLELS (A CASE TUDY OF THE NAMES OF DISHES AND KITCHEN UTENSILS)

The article raises a topical problem of intercultural communication. On the basis of the vocabulary of the names of dishes and kitchen utensils, recorded in 61 dialects in the territory of the Eastern Sloboda, and the included in the register of three dialect dictionaries of Polissya, a structural-semantic analysis of the common and distinctive features of the ancient and the new dialectal continuum has been carried out.
 It is noted that intercultural relations have repeatedly become the subject to many scientific studies. In articles devoted to this issue, scientists focus on the identification and functioning of lexical parallels in adjacent or distant dialect systems. On the example of various thematic groups, scientists consider the semantic relations of the vocabulary of comparable dialects, the features of the creation of the identified parallel representatives, and track their specific features.
 In a comparative analysis of the declared segments of the vocabulary, it was found that it can be conditionally divided into several groups, which include semantically identical names; lexemes with close meaning; demonstrators with different semantic content. It has been established that the names recorded in the Eastern Sloboda dialects are often associated with the names characteristic of the Polissya dialect area, with variance relations. Thus, numerous cases of lexical parallels have been traced, the representatives of which with common semantics do not have differences in the formal structure. However, sometimes units with identical semantics may differ in phonetic, grammatical, and word-formation features. Occasionally, there are cases when the demonstrators of the semes in question demonstrate both semantic differences and differences in formal design.

THE NATURE OF MONOSYLLABIC POLYSEMOUS WORDS

In recent years, in Kazakh linguistics, special importance has been attached to the content and meaning in connection with the activation of the problem of cognitive study of language units. There are materials in science concerning polysemy, and yet this linguistic phenomenon remains relevant. The fact is that language, being a living phenomenon, grows and develops. The development of language means the expansion of the meaning of the word, the acquisition of a new character. The main reason for the increase in the meaning of words at the present stage is associated with the expansion of the subject, phenomena, their properties, functions, as well as broad cognition. Some words may continue to develop unstably. Recently, external factors have been influencing words and their meanings. Due to this, polysemous words appear. The appearance of polysemous words is also a time-consuming process.The main purpose of our research work is the analysis of monosyllabic polysemous words from a lexico-semantic point of view, with an emphasis on the specifics of use. To achieve this goal, the structure and methods of creating monosyllabic polysemous words are defined; the word-formation features of monosyllabic polysemous words were revealed; monosyllabic polysemous words in the language of monuments were identified, which were supposed to be compared with the facts of the modern Kazakh language. These results have been achieved. The research is important for the history of language and historical semantics.

Особенности терминологической аббревиации в английском научно-техническом тексте

The aim of the undertaken study is to determine the word-formation features of abbreviations and acronyms in the scientific functional style by the example of abbreviations in scientific and technical texts in English. The article discusses the features of the scientific and technical text, special vocabulary and terminological abbreviation, provides structural and semantic models of word formation through acronyms. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the features of acronyms formation in the English scientific and technical text, as well as some productive structural and semantic models based on the analysis of acronyms from English-language computer assistance sites and the free multilingual online dictionary Woxikon, which provide a database of computer abbreviations. As a result, it has been revealed that acronyms, being phonetically convenient in pronunciation compared to abbreviations, are formed according to already established structural and semantic models, which facilitates their understanding and translation.

Особенности словообразования в мокшанских переходных говорах рузаевского ареала

The aim of the study is to determine the word-formation potential of the Moksha transitional dialects of the Ruzaevka area, which occupy border areas with the central and south-eastern dialects. Attention is paid to the suffixes that form verbs from verbal and nominal stems. The scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the features of word formation in transitional dialects are considered for the first time. As a result of the analysis of a large lexical material, it has been revealed that in the word-formation system of the dialects, verbal suffixes constitute a significant group, for some of them the motivating basis is a verbal stem, for others it is a nominal one.

Семантика вражды: обозначения агрессивного субъекта в современной интернет-коммуникации

The article presents research results, and highlights the peculiarities of hostile-minded subject naming in Internet communication in the 21 st century. The composition of the paradigmatic subset under consideration is determined, its internal structure, word-formation features, semantics, syntagmatics and functioning of constituents are characterized. The research is carried out through purposeful sampling, semantic, definitional, contextual analysis, some aspects of motivational, word-formation and syntactic analysis, quantitative method. It is shown, that the majority of the new names are borrowed from the English language and derived from Anglicisms. Mental and linguistic representation of a hostile subject reflects such parameters as: the verbal / nonverbal nature of the subject's actions; animate / inanimate object of hostility; the membership of the subject and object of hostility of a certain group; obligatory / optional allies of the subject; the degree of the subjects emotional involvement; the purpose of the actions / needs of the subject. The studied designations differ in the frequency of use in the described network communicative practices and are used to characterize the corresponding phenomenon or class of subjects, a particular member of the Internet community; for the speakers self-presentation; as an evaluative appeal. There is a tendency to romanticize certain classes of the named aggressive subjects. The emergence of new designations of a hostile subject and their functioning are determined by the turn towards intensification, intellectualization, integration and internationalization.

The semantic spelling notes to the contemporary spelling rules of adverbs (on the adverbs starting with vpol- and the correlated phrases v + vpolX)

The rules for the spelling of adverbs have their specific character, which consists in their focus on different word groups (sometimes entirely small), distinguished primarily on the basis of word-formation and lexical features. One of such groups includes adverbs starting with vpol-. This article analyzes the use of these words in the contemporary texts, reveals the prevailing standard of their spelling or its absence, and determines the semantic criterion for distinguishing the adverbs and homonymous prepositional and case combinations. The results obtained help in clarifying the spelling rules for adverbs starting with vpol-.

ETHICAL CONCEPTS IN THE WORDS OF EDIFICATION OF ABAI

The article analyzes the features of word formation of ethical concepts in the heritage of Abai "Words of Edification". The linguistic referents of ethical concepts as worldview traits are based on axiologisms, which are grouped in the form of values, anti-feelings, and ambivalent values. In the process and as a result of the analysis, negative phenomena in the system of public relations are revealed. From the point of view of the philosophy of the great poet’s worldview, the rationalistic orientation of ethical concepts is anthropocentric, and the position is humanistic.

Гомеровские постоянные эпитеты золотой и серебряный

This article provides a comprehensive linguistic analysis of the Homeric epithets golden and silver in comparative terms. They are considered in the following aspects: frequency of use, semantic structure, contextual environment, word-formation features and capabilities, stylistic originality and aesthetic signifi cance, as well as translation options into Russian. The quantitative (higher usage statistics) and qualitative (more complex semantic structure, richer word-formation capabilities and lexical compatibility) predominance of golden over silver, its greater social and aesthetic value is established. As a result of the research, the degree of traditionality of these epithets and the tendency to a variety of their use are clarifi ed. There is also a general desire of translators to preserve the tradition and constancy of these epithets with the assumption of only some variation. The problem of the infl uence of the Homeric use of these epithets on the further literary tradition is raised due to the fact that the basis for ideas about the Golden age was already laid in the Homeric era.

On Expansion and Features of Word-formation between English and Chinese New Words

The most important tool for expressing thoughts and communicating information among people--- language has emerged some main changes as the development of modern science and technology. Thousands of new words have emerged in both English and Chinese. Their emergence reflects the new things; new thoughts and new ideas appeared in the fast developing society. This paper starts with the history of the study of word-formation, analyzes the main methods of word-formation of new words of English and Chinese, then compares their features of word-formation. Although English and Chinese belong to the different language system, their main methods of word-formation are the same. The reason leading to the distinction is the difference of each other’s culture, history and tradition. The biggest difference between them is: English is phonogram, but Chinese lays stress on matching the meaning. This also makes them show remarkable differences in absorbing and assimilating the loanwords. Using abundant examples and materials, the paper expounds the similarities and differences between them in different aspects, According to the study of these comparisons, it will do favor for us to find out English and Chinese new words’ features and their trend of development.

Word formation of Chinese English words: Evidence from the Chinese English Dictionary

AbstractThis study aims to cast light on the nature and features of word formation in the lexis of Chinese English and provide a synchronic formational analysis of Chinese English neologisms by adopting a sequential data‐driven approach with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The study has 1) constructed a hierarchical and quantificational four‐level structure for Chinese English word formation through meticulous coding, categorization, and calculation of 3522 headwords collected in the Chinese English Dictionary; and 2) revealed departures of the present taxonomy with extant models of indigenized varieties in both qualitative (coherence, inclusiveness, refinedness, adaptability) and quantitative measures (the changing status of formation processes, source languages, and transliteration systems). The study sheds significant insights into the motivation of Chinese English words, the status of the Chinese English variety, the sociolinguistic conditions of the variety, and word formation in the Expanding Circle where a dictionary of the variety is available.

Dialect Lexicography: to the Problem of Thematic Presentation of Vocabulary of the Middle Volga Dialects

The results of work on a multi-aspect thematic dictionary of Samara dialects is summarized in the article. The novelty of the study is that the created dictionary is the first combined dialect dictionary in the region. It is reported that the language corpus of vocabulary fixations compiled by participants in dialectological expeditions using the methodology for presenting a thematic questionnaire to respondents is used as the main source of material for the thematic dictionary. The question is raised about the possibility of a systematic representation of the vocabulary of secondary dialects. The idea is proved that the thematic presentation of vocabulary material occupies an essential place in the complex characterization of the Volga dialects along with methods for presenting facts at other levels of the language (phonetic, morphological, etc.). The possibility of establishing classifying semantic and word-formation features is demonstrated in the example of separate thematic groups of the dictionary. Attention is drawn to the variety of word-formation formants in lexical-semantic groups, their role in the organization of a certain semantic space. It is concluded that the publication of a thematic dictionary offers great opportunities for the study of dialects of territories of late settlement in various aspects. The author of the article states that the thematic principle of the presentation of vocabulary material makes the structure of the dictionary open, the study of the lexical level of modern dialects is promising.