Institutional Characteristics Research Articles

Institutions make a difference: Assessing the predictors of climate policy stringency using machine learning

Abstract Despite the urgent need for ambitious national climate policies to reduce carbon emissions, their implementation lacks stringency. This lack of policy stringency is driven by a complex combination of a country's numerous politico-economic, institutional and socio-economic characteristics. While extant studies aim at estimating causal effects between a selection of such characteristics and policy stringency, we examine the importance of a comprehensive set of predictors that underlie such empirical models. For this purpose, we employ machine-learning methods on a data set covering 22 potential predictors of policy stringency for 95 countries. Conditional random forests suggest that the most important predictors of policy stringency are of institutional nature: freedom (of press, media, associations, and elections), governmental effectiveness, and control of corruption. Further, accumulated local effects plots suggest that the relationship between some predictors, e.g. freedom or education, and policy stringency is highly non-linear.

Enlightenment: Defining the Goals of Modernity

Modernity is seen as a historical process that started with the Renaissance and took shape with the French Revolution. Modernity, which passed through historical turning points such as Renaissance, Reformation and Enlightenment, gained its own character in these periods. In this study, the Enlightenment period and its ideas, which are accepted as one of the most important periods of modernity and the modern world, are discussed. During the Enlightenment period, it was emphasized that the human mind should be purified from traditions and other old-fashioned features. It is no coincidence that one of the first concepts that comes to mind when modernity is mentioned is the rational mind. The fact that reason is the central and determining element and character of modern human life, modern institutions and society is related to the Enlightenment period. In this article, the Age of Enlightenment is discussed within the framework of its basic characteristics, the features it brought to modernity and its relationship with religion. In the article, the foregrounding of reason and the spread of rationalization to all areas of modernity are evaluated as an achievement of the Enlightenment period. This study, which was carried out with the literature review method of the qualitative research method, one of the research methods of social sciences, evaluated the Enlightenment as a turning point in which the goals of modernity were determined.

Інституційна структура радянської економіки та її роль у формуванні економічної спадщини України

The article is devoted to the historical and economic analysis of the key determinants of the institutional structure of the planned and distributed economy and their influence on the formation of the economic heritage of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to summarize the main trends in the evolution of the institutional structure of the Soviet economy and to determine its role in the formation of the «track effect» in the economic development of Ukraine. The article reveals the historical prerequisites of the institutional breakdown and the formation of the Soviet socialist economy, and characterizes the peculiarities of its institutional structure at various historical stages. The author reveals the mechanism of interaction between formal and informal institutions and their role in the economic development of the planning and distribution system of management. Defined the institutional features of the formation and functioning of the mobilization economy and the system of centralized state management of economic processes. The impact of the economic reforms of the 1950s and 1960s on the strengthening of the communicative value of horizontal economic ties and the formation of the «administrative market» as a matrix of the shadow economy has been established. Revealed the main distortions of the institution of property, the essence of power-property relations, the reasons for their rooting, and the economic consequences of its functioning. The author identifies the role of the Soviet institutional heritage in the distortions of the Ukrainian business environment and the risks of the emergence of the «historical rut» effect in the institutional development of the Ukrainian economy. Substantiated the conclusion about the advisability of a limited application of mobilization methods of economic management in the post-war economic revival and the need to develop state policy measures aimed at strengthening the institution of private property, protecting the rights of owners, overcoming corruption and establishing social control over the distribution of economic power and responsibility.

Формування моделі міжнародних економічних відносин у контексті попередньої траєкторії розвитку національного господарства України

In the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction, Ukraine’s further integration into the world economy and trade-economic cooperation with the EU, the USA, and other developed countries is a priority task. However, the Soviet economic heritage in the form of the extensive elements and forms of economic management continues to create obstacles to building a competitive model of foreign trade cooperation. And overcoming these obstacles is impossible without rethinking and evaluating the historical experience. The research’s aim is to summarize the determinants and structural-institutional characteristics of the model of Ukrainian international economic relations shaped within the Soviet economic system. The theoretical basis of the research includes the concepts of dependent development and the «track effect», which allow assessing the influence of the Soviet legacy on the modern economic processes. The research methodology is based on the systemic approach, and problem-logical, comparative, institutional, and statistical analysis. The author defines the institutional and structural characteristics of the Ukrainian model of international economic relations shaped within the Soviet economic space and outside it. These include the republic's lack of autonomy regarding foreign trade and its subordination to the state system of centralized export-import planning; absence of closed production and technological cycles within one republic and deepening of all-Union trade and economic integration; production specialization of regions according to the central interests; the dominance of trade with other socialist countries and the so-called countries of non-capitalist orientation; a high share of barter operations and compensatory cooperation aimed at strengthening the so-called socialist integration; and an active application of the policy of customs and trade protectionism in relation to countries with a market economy. It is confirmed that the place of Ukraine's economy in the Soviet Union’s division of labor and the system of foreign economic relations was determined by the republic’s political and economic dependence on the center and its subordination to the Soviet concept of building an all-Union economic space. This largely limited Ukraine's opportunities in the formation and implementation of its own strategies of foreign economic interaction and led to an inertial pursuit in the fairway of the post-Union political entities and economic agreements after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the first decades of Ukraine's state independence.

Unveiling Sufi Legacies in Dhaka of Bangladesh: A Chronological Discourse on Islamic Heritage

Dhaka’s landscape is adorned with centuries-old mosques and shrines, a testament to the enduring legacy of Sufi mystics who propagated Islam in the region. Sufis, Islamic mystics, played a pivotal role in establishing Islam in Bengal. This study delves into the arrival, motivations, and practices of these Sufi figures within Dhaka, Bangladesh. By examining biographies and historical records, it explores how Sufis, through their exemplary character, compassionate outreach, and establishment of social institutions like khankahs and dargahs, profoundly influenced the spread of Islam. Even in the face of persecution, the Sufis’ dedication laid the foundation for a new social order, shaping the region’s religious landscape for centuries. Their willingness to engage with Hindu and Buddhist communities on social and spiritual matters fostered a peaceful acceptance of Islam, leading to a significant shift in the region’s religious makeup. By examining Sufi activities, this research sheds light on the historical processes that shaped Dhaka’s religious identity and offer valuable insights for understanding Islamic propagation dynamics.

Relationship between evaluation factors and star ratings for Japanese community healthcare institutions in electronic word-of-mouth reviews: an observational study

BackgroundInternet reviews have become increasingly crucial for both healthcare providers and patients. Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) reviews on internet sites often comprise textual content with numerical ratings. In this study, we aimed to identify the evaluation factors of community healthcare institutions regarding eWOM reviews and the impact of each evaluation factor on the institution’s ratings.MethodsAn observational study was conducted to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse eWOM data posted on Google for randomly selected healthcare institutions in Hirosaki, Japan from September to October 2022. For qualitative data, the authors repeatedly read the eWOM text, coded it, and categorised related sections. For quantitative analysis, a multivariate analysis using a linear regression model was conducted with the categorised factors from the qualitative analysis as explanatory variables and eWOM ratings as response variables.ResultsTwenty medical institutions (two hospitals and 18 clinics) were randomly extracted from the registry. A total of 147 eWOM texts from each institution were analysed, and coding was performed for 474 segments in the texts. In the qualitative analysis, the evaluated factors in eWOM texts for medical institutions were categorised as communication (evaluation factor for communication with healthcare providers), clinical practice (evaluation factor for the clinical practice of healthcare providers), and medical institution (evaluation factor for the characteristics of medical institutions). According to the multiple regression analysis, the partial regression coefficients for the explanatory variables of positive communication, clinical practice, and medical institution evaluations were 1.04 (95% confidence interval 0.70 to 1.39), 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.27 to 1.04), and 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.35 to 1.15), respectively, with the number of ratings as the response variable. Partial regression coefficients for the explanatory variables of negative communication, clinical practice, and medical institution evaluations were − 1.52 (95% confidence interval − 1.88 to -1.16), -0.90 (95% confidence interval − 1.28 to -0.52), and − 0.24 (95% confidence interval − 0.60 to 0.12), respectively.ConclusionWe quantitatively and qualitatively analysed the eWOM reviews and ratings of healthcare institutions posted on Google. Three evaluation factors were identified: communication, clinical practice, and medical institution. Our study revealed that communication significantly impacts ratings.

‘I hope you love it’: poetry, protest and posthumous publishing with and for Palestinian colleagues in Gaza during scholasticide

AbstractAfter 15 years of daily work with colleagues in Gaza on education for peace, multilingual education and life long learning the scholasticide and plausible risk of genocide in the Gaza Strip under Israeli aggression has changed how research and teaching can be undertaken. This short Point and Counterpoint contribution offers the statements and obituaries written by the UNESCO Chair at the University of Glasgow through the first year of the ongoing plausible genocide, under the protections of the language of international instruments, international humanitarian law. It proceeds using poetry and cries and clarifying statements which punctuate the silence which has been the dominating characteristic of the higher education institutions, with some rare exceptions, during a period of extreme violence against scholars, teachers, researchers and students.

Institutional Transformations of Higher Education: Key Gaps and New Practices.

Institutional transformations of higher education in Russia are currently being carried out under the influence of geopolitical factors and a set of gaps between the demands of modern society and the established institutional characteristics of higher education. This article defines the essence of institutional transformations of higher education, systematizes the gaps and contradictions that shape their context in modern Russia, and identifies the main trends in the transformation of the educational and scientific practices of universities that determine the direction of institutional changes. The analysis was conducted using both theoretical and empirical methods, including a content analysis of strategic and reporting documents from 62 leading Russian universities, as well as a secondary analysis of data from the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM). It is concluded that the main gap in the institutional transformations of domestic higher education currently lies between trust and value, and the main mechanism is the construction of new practices for educational and scientific activities by universities. The analysis of these practices led the authors to conclude that the direction of institutional changes in the field of educational activities is more associated with the transformation of traditional institutional characteristics, while in the field of scientific activities, it is associated with the formation of new institutional foundations, with a general focus on increasing the integration potential of universities and inter-institutional interaction. The prospects for forming a new national system of higher education are tied to the possibility of consolidating these practices at the systemic level as stable regulatory and organizational characteristics.

Does Managerial Short-termism Affect Corporate Social Responsibility?

This study examines how managerial short-termism affects corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement among Chinese listed companies, revealing important contextual variations across regions, ownership structures, and industries. Using 23,253 firm-year observations from 2007 to 2022 and employing textual analysis and regression techniques, this study examines the relationship between managerial myopia and CSR performance. Findings demonstrate that managerial short-termism negatively impacts CSR engagement, with corporate governance quality partially mediating this effect. The relationship exhibits distinct patterns. Eastern regions show heightened sensitivity compared with central and western regions; state-owned enterprises show greater vulnerability than non-state enterprises. Finally, polluting industries resist myopic effects while non-polluting ones show significant negative impacts. These heterogeneous effects underscore how institutional environments and organizational characteristics influence the relationship between managerial time horizons and social responsibility. Our findings advance understanding of CSR drivers in emerging markets and offer policymakers targeted insights for developing context-specific interventions to enhance corporate sustainability.

Unplanned hospitalisations among subsidised nursing home residents in Singapore: Insights from a data linkage study.

Hospitalisations can pose hazards and may not be an appropriate care setting for frail nursing home (NH) residents. Few studies have quantified the extent of NH resident hospitalisations in Singapore, hence we aimed to address this knowledge gap by studying characteristics of unplanned hospitalisations over a 1-year period. This was a retrospective cohort study of 9922 subsidised residents across 59 NHs in Singapore, with analysis using administrative healthcare data. Key measures included inpatient admission and emergency department visit rates, final discharge diagnoses and estimated costs. We examined correlates of inpatient admissions with a multivariable zero-inflated negative binomial regression model incorporating demogra-phics, institutional characteristics and Charlson Comorbidity Index. There were 6620 inpatient admissions in 2015, equivalent to 2.23 admissions per 1000 resident days, and the majority were repeat admissions (4504 admissions or 68.0%). Male sex (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.23), approaching end-of-life (IRR 2.14), hospitalisations in the past year (IRR 2.73) and recent NH admission within the last 6 months (IRR 1.31-1.99) were significantly associated with inpatient admission rate. Top 5 discharge diagnoses were lower respiratory tract infections (27.3%), urinary tract infection (9.3%), sepsis (3.1%), cellulitis (1.9%) and gastroenteritis (1.1%). We estimated the total system cost of admissions of subsidised residents to be SGD40.2 million (USD29.1 million) in 2015. We anticipate that unplanned hospitali-sation rate will increase over time, especially with an increasing number of residents who will be cared for in NHs. Our findings provide a baseline to inform stakeholders and develop strategies to address this growing problem.

Unveiling the effect of non-performing loans on lending behaviour: Evidence from Vietnam’s banking system

This study shows how non-performing loans (NPLs) and other variables specific to banks affect loan growth and the risk-weighted composition of assets in the Vietnamese banking sector. We use a large panel dataset of Vietnamese commercial banks from 2008 to 2022 and different econometric estimators to look at how NPLs, loan loss provisions (LLPs), and bank-specific factors affect how banks lend money. Additionally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to bolster the robustness of our empirical findings. Our analysis reveals a statistically significant inverse relationship between NPLs/LLPs and loan growth rates, underscoring the critical role of effective credit risk management. Furthermore, institutional characteristics such as bank size, liquidity position, profitability metrics, and tangible asset ratios substantially influence lending patterns and risk exposure. Conversely, macroeconomic and broader institutional factors demonstrate mixed effects, with many exhibiting statistical insignificance. This study addresses a notable gap in the extant literature concerning the determinants of bank lending behaviour in Vietnam, offering nuanced insights into the role of credit risk indicators and bank-specific attributes. Our findings yield substantial implications for regulatory bodies, policymakers, and banking executives in their pursuit of enhancing the stability and operational efficiency of Vietnam's financial system. By elucidating these relationships, our research contributes to the ongoing discourse on banking sector dynamics in emerging economies. It provides an empirical foundation for informed decision-making in financial policy and risk management strategies.

АВТОРСЬКА ІННОВАТИКА В ОСВІТІ РІВНЕНЩИНИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ПРОБЛЕМИ

The article deals with the analysis of the processes of development and changes in Ukrainian education in the context of Ukraine’s formation as a sovereign and independent, democratic, social and legal state. It has been found that in the context of innovative development of education, the problem of development of authorial schools in Ukraine is particularly relevant, due to the need to increase the availability of quality and competitive education in the new socio-cultural conditions of a market economy. It is the authorial school as a phenomenon of innovative educational activity that emerges as the highest form of self-developing practice. It successfully implements the main provisions of competence-based education, stands at the source of a new thought and activity paradigm that will substantiate the logic of variable motivational and semantic development of author's schools in Ukraine, aimed at empowering and self-developing the subjects of the educational process through innovation. The theoretical foundations of the author’s innovation in the education of Rivne region were characterized. The main features of innovative educational institutions of Rivne region were revealed. These include adaptive learning, bilingual education (Nadia Marynovych Adaptive and Developmental Bilingual Specialized School «Centre of Hope»), harmonious personal development (Harmony School of Harmonious Social Personality), gender education (Prestige School of Gender Equality), civic education (School of Civic Deeds in Korets), and a combination of vertical and horizontal models of school management (School of Modern Management Technologies in Volodymyrets). It is proved that despite the fact that each educational institution is unique, has its own traditions and peculiarities, chooses its own model of ensuring the quality of education, they should have in common the purpose, values, and compliance of learning outcomes with the requirements set by the legislation and educational standards.

Social inequality in dropout rates in higher education: Denmark and Norway

ABSTRACT This article examines the association between students’ social class background, their completion of higher education and transfer between research-intensive universities and vocational-oriented university colleges in Denmark and Norway. We analyse comprehensive register data on the entire student population of the two countries and employ the Oslo Register Data Class Scheme (ORDC) that distinguishes class fractions with different compositions of cultural and economic capital. The analyses show that dropout is considerably more widespread in Norway, and that students from the working class drop out more often than their fellow students. Although the general level of social disparities in dropout rates is similar in the two countries, the horizontal differences between class fractions with different compositions of cultural and economic capital are more pronounced in Norway, particularly in university colleges. At the same time, the social differences in transfer rates from universities to university colleges are considerably higher in Denmark, which indicates the importance of institutional characteristics, as the difference in academic orientation between universities and university colleges is considerably greater in Denmark than Norway.

Prospects for the Development of Genealogy in Russia as a Socio-Cultural Institution

Introduction. Based on a generalization of approaches to defining the concept of “sociocultural institution” and highlighting its inherent characteristics, in this article the author attempts to identify the status of genealogical research in Russia, which attracts an interest from an increasing number of people. The main goal and task set by the author is to determine the prospects for the development of genealogical research in Russia and the possibility of transforming its status to the level of a sociocultural institution. Methodology and sources. The author relies on the works of domestic and foreign researchers on the problem of institutionalization in culture (such as M. Weber, Au. Comte, M. Hauriou, E. Durkheim, P. Sorokin, A.A. Radugin, O.A. Radugina, etc.), on the problems of human satisfaction of values (G. Hegel and K. Marx). The author also used articles and abstracts of dissertations on genealogy from 2000 to 2024, materials of social networks and podcasts: “GEN-TOK”, “History of you & GENTECH”, “Living Book” by I. Bivol, electronic journal “Genealogy for the whole family”, etc., video materials of GENTECH festivals. Results and discussion. When considering the main features of a sociocultural institution and drawing a parallel with the level of demand for genealogical research, the author focuses on the diversity of meanings in the content of the activities carried out by participants in this process. Summarizing the functions that genealogical research could perform in the formation of spiritual and moral values of society, the author draw the parallel with the provisions of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2024 N 145 “On the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation”. Conclusion. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that genealogical research in Russia is currently more of a sociocultural activity, about which we have heard a lot and know little. It has not become a familiar form, and, therefore, in demand and understandable for the majority of Russian families, but it has every chance of becoming not only a factor in their unity and the formation of historical memory, but also a traditional socio-cultural activity that is the norm in society, and not the exception.

Economic Analysis and Efficiency of Small-Scale Catfish Farms in Delta State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency and profitability of catfish farms in Delta State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study sort to: evaluate the level of efficiency in catfish farms, ascertain the profitability of catfish farms, identify the strategies for enhancing efficiency among catfish farmers and determine the effect of socio-economic and institutional characteristics on the efficiency of cat fish farmers. A multi-stage and proportionate random sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 600 Catfish farmer. Primary data were collected using well-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out on the objectives using the descriptive and inferential statistics of frequency, percentage, mean, budgetary analysis, and multiple regression technique. The result shows that majority 81% of catfish farmers were male with a mean age of 47 years. Most respondents 65% were married with a mean household size of 5 persons. Regarding education, 46.7% had secondary education and their primary sources of credit were cooperatives 41.9%. The mean farming experience was 11 years with 43.3% farming primarily for commercial purposes. The most common production method was tarpaulin 56.7%. The study identified various strategies for enhancing catfish production which include regular feeding, use of commercial feed, good water quality control, personal labor to reduce cost, and regular medication. The multiple regression model indicated that, variables such as the level of farming expertise, the type of labor employed, and educational qualification, stocking density, membership of association, pond size, and household size had significant effects on production efficiency of catfish farms. This result underscored the significance of providing customized training, group networking assistance and access to credit and extension services to enhance the overall efficiency of catfish farms in Delta State.

Cosmopolitan identity, authority, and domestic support of international organizations

AbstractWhat effect does the institutional design of international organizations (IOs) have on their domestic support? In this article, we focus on interactions between citizens’ social identity and institutional characteristics that may have the potential to polarize citizens’ IO attitudes. We argue that citizens’ cosmopolitan identity makes them react in diametrically opposed ways to IO settings on the authority dimension. Transferring more authority to an IO may make citizens with higher levels of cosmopolitan identity more supportive of the IO, while citizens with lower levels of cosmopolitan identity should become even more skeptical. We test our expectations by conducting a factorial survey experiment in six different countries. The empirical results support our argument. As cosmopolitan identity is strongly connected to the newly evolving domestic cleavage regarding international cooperation and global governance, reforms to IO authority settings thus have the potential to further increase the polarization of domestic attitudes toward IOs.

A comparative study of implementation Basel III between commercial and Islamic banks: a bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review

Purpose This study aims to compare up-to-date research on Basel III implementation between commercial and Islamic banks in both developed and developing countries. The research examines the five main variables (capital, liquidity, lending growth, size of banks and performance) used in studies listed in the Scopus database, using bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review (SLR) as methodologies to map the research landscape and synthesize the results of existing literature on the subject. The findings clarify that most differences in the results of previous studies relate to the impact of Basel III on capital and the size of banks, whether at the country level or based on the type of bank. However, most studies illustrate a positive effect of implementing Basel III regulations on lending growth and liquidity, regardless of the type of bank or the level of the country. Overall, the impact of Basel III on performance shows a positive result for all studies on commercial banks in developed and developing countries, except for one study that found a negative effect. Design/methodology/approach This study used a bibliometric analysis and SLR as a methodology to map the research landscape domain and compare current trends of Implementation Basel III between commercial and Islamic banks in the literature. Findings The finding clarified that most differences in the results of previous studies were regarding the impact of Basel III on capital and the size of banks, whether at the level of the country or the type of bank. However, most studies illustrate a positive effect of implementing Basel III regulations regarding lending growth and liquidity, whether by type of banks or level of the country. Overall, the impact of Basel III on performance shows a positive result for all studies on commercial banks in developed and developing countries, except for one study that found a negative effect. Originality/value By using bibliometric analysis and an SLR, this study uniquely synthesizes existing literature while highlighting notable disparities in outcomes based on bank type and country context. In addition, it emphasizes the need for tailored regulatory frameworks that account for the specific characteristics of different banking institutions, particularly small and medium-sized banks. This nuanced approach not only contributes to the academic discourse but also offers practical insights for policymakers and practitioners, addressing gaps in current research and proposing future directions for investigation.

How do entrepreneurs’ diverse political ties affect firm performance? New insights from Chinese private firms

ABSTRACT Existing studies provide mixed results concerning the impact of political connections on firm performance with both value-foster and value-destructive effects being observed. This paper addresses this ambiguity by conceptually distinguishing three types of entrepreneurs’ political ties – private, official, and business ties – and investigating whether entrepreneurs’ diverse political ties influence the performance of Chinese private firms differently. Using data from 12,735 Chinese private firms, our analysis reveals that official ties positively influence firm performance, whereas private ties have detrimental impacts. Business ties have no significant impact. The mechanisms reveal that firms with official ties benefit from improved access to loans from state-owned banks and land, and they also enjoy protection from unwanted government expropriation. The negative ramifications of private ties arise from their limited capability to secure scarce resources such as bank loans and land, coupled with additional levies. Furthermore, this study suggests that the impacts of these ties are moderated by a host of corporate, industrial, and institutional characteristics. These findings contribute to the literature by unpacking the heterogeneity of political ties, highlighting the need for entrepreneurs to be strategic in establishing diverse business-political relationships.

“Don't push!” experiences of obstetric violence in U.S. hospital settings

Obstetric violence is the institutional and interpersonal violation of women's rights during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Amid increasing recognition of the prevalence and consequences of obstetric violence, there has been growing attention to its cultural, organizational, and institutional features. In this article, I demonstrate how obstetric violence is a form of epistemic and structural violence that unfolds through interpersonal interactions, the organization of labor in medicalized birth, and institutional features of the hospital and obstetric environment. I draw on thirty in-depth interviews with women who recently gave birth in the Midwest, United States to understand how the authoritative knowledge of medical staff epistemically marginalizes pregnant and birthing women's embodied knowledge and how organizational and institutional features of the medicalized hospital environment facilitate obstetric violence. These findings contribute to our understanding of how less recognized and normalized forms of violence shape women's pregnancy and birthing experience, even for those with a high degree of intersectional privilege. I argue for increased person-centered childbirth guidelines that center embodied experiences and address features of the medicalized obstetric care environment that are not sufficiently evidence-based nor facilitate better outcomes for birthing people.

Features of Credit Institutions Carrying out Activities in the Field of AML/CFT/PWF in the Context of the Application of Sanctions and Counter-Sanctions

The article analyzes the impact of sanctions and counter-sanctions on the procedure and standards of banking services, including on the implementation of credit organizations activities in the field of AML/CFT/PWF. Based on the study of relevant legal acts adopted by authorized Russian bodies and domestic legal doctrine, the author shows that in the current situation of inconsistency between applied models of legal regulation and the established principles of regulation of banking relations, credit organizations are forced to revise their previously successfully tested standards and ethical models of customer service. Therefore, the optimal procedure for the normative consolidation of anti-money laundering procedures in the context of the implementation of counter-sanctions have been determined. The trends in sanction (counter-sanction) compliance and aspects of its interaction with financial monitoring in credit organizations are considered, and a form of formalization of the sanctions (counter-sanction) compliance policy in credit organizations is proposed.