Features Of Cognitive Disorders Research Articles

Features of cognitive disorders in patients with different forms of neurological and ischemic complications who underwent cardiac surgery

Objective — to study the features of cognitive impairment in patients with various forms of neurological and ischemic complications who underwent cardiac surgery (CS), to consider the data obtained in the development of rehabilitation programs for this category of patients.
 Methods and subjects. We examined 700 patients who were treated at the Heart Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine after undergoing CS with an artificial circulation procedure. The sample size is extremely large, and makes it possible to transfer the results to the entire population of patients who have suffered from CS. Among the examined patients the following groups were identified: a) patients with cerebral infarction (CI) in the postoperative period, numbering 86 people, the performance of patients in this group was compared with patients with CS without myocardial infarction in the postoperative period, numbering 614 people taken from the same sample); b) patients with signs of postoperative encephalopathy, numbering 217 people (which included patients with CI). The performance of patients in this group was compared with that of 483 patients with CS without signs of postoperative encephalopathy, taken from the same sample.
 The study was conducted using the Trail Making Test, TMT (R. M. Reitan, Wolfson D., 1993); Verbal Fluency Test, VFT (M. D. Lezak, 1995); Stroop Color Interference Test (J. R. Stroop, 1935); Luria’s test for memorizing ten unrelated words (Luria AR, 1969). Statistical analysis of differences in the quantitative values of indicators was performed using the nonparametric Mann‑Whitney test.
 Results. Our study found significant cognitive impairment in patients with CS. It was found that the presence of ischemic and neurological complications in the postoperative period significantly impairs cognitive function. The most significant negative impact on the cognitive sphere has the presence of CI in the postoperative period: patients with CI showed signs of severe cognitive deficits. Manifestations of cognitive deficits were also found in patients with postoperative encephalopathy, although the quantitative indicators characterizing cognitive functioning in this group of patients were better than in patients with CI.
 Conclusions. The identified patterns should be taken into account when developing treatment, rehabilitation and preventive measures for patients with CS.

Features of cognitive disorders in schizophrenia and treatment tactics

Features of cognitive disorders in schizophrenia and treatment tactics

Особливості когнітивних порушень при COVID-19

У статті детально висвітлені патогенетичні механізми розвитку когнітивних порушень у хворих на COVID-19, описані особливості когнітивної дисфункції залежно від періоду й тяжкості захворювання, вираженості гіпоксії, застосування штучної вентиляції легенів. Зазначено, що розуміння патогенетичних аспектів, що лежать в основі розвитку когнітивних порушень у пацієнтів, які перенесли COVID-19, є надзвичайно важливим для їх адекватної корекції. Наголошено на доцільності застосування чутливих інструментів когнітивного тестування для моніторингу результатів функціонального відновлення хворих на COVID-19; на необхідності проведення оцінки довгострокового впливу SARS-Cov-2 на когнітивні функції в пацієнтів з COVID-19. Розглянуто місце препаратів з мембраностабілізуючими, нейропротекторними й антиоксидантними властивостями й наведено патогенетичне обґрунтування доцільності їх застосування для лікування когнітивних порушень при COVID-19.

Features of cognitive disorders in Parkinsonism

The purpose of the research: To study the characteristics of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease(PD) with an analysis of clinical and neurophysiological parameters, followed by the development of optimal therapy.

Features of cognitive disorders in patients with cardioembolic stroke

In the structure of all ischemic strokes, cardioembolic stroke (CES) takes 2nd place in prevalence after atherothrombotic. A frequent complication (CES) is cognitive impairment of varying severity. The key point of the research was to evaluate the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients who underwent (CES) at different periods of treatment. 33 patients were examined in different periods after a stroke (acute — 10—21 days after the occurrence of CES and early recovery 40— 60 days after the occurrence of CES). In the group of men and women, patients aged from 61 to 70 years were significantly more likely to meet. The functional state of patients was evaluated by the Barthel index, on the Rankine scale. The definition of cognitive functions was carried out using the MMSE scale. The level of forming correlates with the level of restoration of cognitive functions and the level of their social adaptation. With the localization of lesions focuses in the vertebrobasilar pool, better recovery of cognitive functions is noted. Positive dynamics of cognitive impairment is noted in the early recovery period of CES in the direction of increasing scores on the MMSE scale compared with the acute period. A higher level of social adaptation determined by the Barthel index and the Rankine index contributes to a better recovery of cognitive functions of patients with CES Key words: ischemic cardioembolicstroke, cognitive impairment, strokeperiods

Features of cognitive disorders in patients with primary episodes of bipolar affective disorder

The aim of the work was to study the features of cognitive disorders in the primary episode of bipolar affective disorder, taking into account the gender factor and clinical variant. Materials and methods. 153 patients with primary episode of bipolar affective disorder: with prevalence of depressive symptomatology (44 men and 75 women), with prevalence of manic symptoms (15 men and 8 women) and with simultaneous presence of depressive and manic symptomatology or with rapid or severe manic symptoms and 5 women) were examined using the Stroop test. Results and discussion. In patients with the depressed primary episode variant, a general slowdown in the performance of all four subtests of the Stroop test was detected: reading time of the names of colors printed in black font (TNFb) in all patients 63.7±8.1 sec., in men 65.0±9.6 sec., in women 63.0±7.0 sec.; names of colors (NС) were respectively 96.6±9.2 sec, 96.5±9.1 sec and 96.6±9.3; reading time of color names where the font color is different from the word value (TNCd) – respectively 153.5±20.3 sec., 153.8±23.3 sec., 153.3±18.6 sec.; name of the word color where the font color is different from the word value (NCWd) – 62.6±7.9 sec., 63.8±9.3 sec. and 61.9±6.9 sec. In patients with a manic variant, the time to perform the Strup test is the smallest of all groups: TNFb – 44.3±4.0 sec., 44.5±4.1 sec. and 43.8±4.1 sec.; NC – 62.7±4.9 sec., 61.7±5.5 sec. and 64.6±3.2 sec.; TNCd – 116.2±9.5 sec., 118.0±10.5 sec. and 112.9±6.4 sec.; NCWd – 43.3±4.0 sec., 43.5±4.1 sec. and 42.8±4.1 sec, respectively. In patients with mixed variant indicators occupy an intermediate position: TNFb – 59,8±16,1 sec., 57,3±14,6 sec. and 62.8±19.0 sec.; NC – 79.1±10.1 sec., 76.5±10.3 sec. and 82.2±10.0 sec.; TNCd – 124.3±22.5 sec., 120.7±18.9 sec. and 128.6±27.7 sec.; NCWd – 58.5±15.7 sec., 56.2±14.3 sec. and 61.4±18.5 sec. in accordance. Gender differences in Stroop test performance are not significant. Conclusions. The primary episode of BAD is characterized by the presence of cognitive impairment, the structure and expressiveness of which is determined by the clinical variant. In the depressive variant revealed the greatest overall slowdown in the execution of the Stroop test with a significant number of errors, with manic - deterioration of attention, behavioral inhibition and maximal impulse control when mixed - a marked slowdown in the performance of the Stroop test with a significant number of errors. Gender differences in cognitive impairment are insignificant

Features of cognitive disorders in patients with arterial hypertension of low cardiovascular risk.

By the WHO data,Ukraineis country number1 inEuropeand number2 inthe world according to the cardiovascular mortality rate. In the structure of the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Ukraine, the percentage of persons of working age with arterial hypertension is 36.7%. The improvement of the prognosis of patients with arterial hypertension depends not only on long-term effective control of blood pressure, but the diagnosis and initiation of therapy at the initial stage of the development of the disease, when the target organs have not yet undergone hypertensive damage is also an important condition. The article presents the results of neuropsychological examination of 509 outpatients with a controlled second stage arterial hypertension, with an integrated assessment of cognitive functions using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MCA) methods. It has been established that even in patients with controlled arterial hypertension stage II with a low cardiovascular risk, by SCORE scale cognitive disorders were revealed in 32,2%. The peculiarities of the development of cognitive disorders in arterial hypertension in connection with the history and course of the disease are analyzed. The majority of patients with hypertension have an increased level of anxiety, especially personality, and this is not due to the presence or absence of cognitive disorders. In patients with hypertension and cognitive disorders, on the basis of testing data by the SF-36 scale, there was a significant (p<0.001) decrease in quality of life on all scales as compared with healthy ones on average by 24.5-66.0 points.

Features of cognitive disorders in elderly and old patients with hypertension

Aim. To assess cognitive status of the elderly and old patients with arterial hypertension, in outpatient setting. Material and methods. Totally, 356 patients included, age 74,9 ± 6,1 y., 80,4% females. For cognition assessment before and after the treatment, neuropsychological test was done, with MMSE - short scale of psychic status assessment, drawing test; literal and categoric associations test. Results. In the group <80 y. o. The prominence of MMSE disorders correlated with blood pressure values (BP): for systolic BP (r = -0,22, p = 0,0003), for diastolic BP (r = -0,13, p = 0,03), i.e. in higher BP patients there were lower points in cognition scale by Spearman correlation. In the group ≥80 y. both correlations were non-significant, for systolic BP (r = -0,05, p = 0,64), and for diastolic BP (r = -0,13, p = 0,25). Conclusion. In older age and senile patients with arterial hypertension there should be differential approach to BP management according to the age and cognition disorders, complex approach to treatment in these patients might prevent further worsening of cognitive decline. (For citation: Sharashkina NV, Ostapenko VS, Runikhina NK. Features of cognitive disorders in elderly and old patients with hypertension. Russian Family Doctor. 2018;22(1):36-40. doi 10.17816/RFD2018136-40).

Correction to: 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.

Correction to: 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.

Features of cognitive disorders in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia on the background of endocrine and vascular pathology

Features of cognitive disorders in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia on the background of endocrine and vascular pathology

Cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy and effectiveness of overcoming stress behavior

IntroductionToday cognitive impairment study epilepsy in children and in people taking anticonvulsants. Unfortunately, we do not know enough about neuropsychological features of mild cognitive impairment in epilepsy, clinical and pathogenetic patterns of their development, role in the development of social exclusion.AimTo study the mild cognitive impairment and their relationship with clinical features of epileptic disease forms, socio-psychological characteristics of patients.MethodsClinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostic.ResultsWe first used Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE-R) in patients with epilepsy to quantify cognitive disorders in this group. The specified scale detects violations of cognitive function to mild dementia and allows us to differentiate the prevalence of certain disorders of mental processes. We revealed that the reducing the effectiveness of stress overcoming behavior through cognitive disorders in thinking and attention are one of the pathognomonic psychogenic mechanisms of affective disorders in patients with epilepsy. The complex of individual therapeutic measures for patients with epilepsy and MCI is based on the study features of cognitive disorders results. Psychotherapy and psychological correction measures for patients with epilepsy and MCI have to improve the social functioning and quality of life. We also created recommendations for the prevention of cognitive disorders in patients with epilepsy.ConclusionsThe features of cognitive disorders in patients with epilepsy, depending on the clinical form of epilepsy (symptomatic, idiopathic, cryptogenic). It should be used as additional differential diagnostic criteria forms of epilepsy (symptomatic, idiopathic, cryptogenic).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Domain features of cognitive impairment in patients with primary and recurrent ischemic hemispheric stroke in the acute phase of the disease

Research aimed on studying the cognitive impairment in the acute phase of stroke is relevant.Aim. The results of neuropsychological investigation оf 62 patients in the acute period of ischemic hemispheric stroke are described in the article.Methods and results. It has been detected that predementіal cognitive disturbances and mild dementia are prevailed in the structure of cognitive disorders in primary stroke, while in recurrent brain ischemia the mild and moderate dementia dominates. The features of cognitive disorders have been detected by Mini-Menthal State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scales and they depend on the affected hemisphere in primary and recurrent ischemic hemispheric stroke.Conclusion. Hemispheric syndromes of cognitive deficits has been established on the basis of domains impairments.

Cognitive disorders in the patients with traumatic intracranial hematomas after the operation

The purpose of the study was to study cognitive disorders in the patients with traumatic intracranial hematomas after the operation. 150 operated patients were neuropsychologically assessed with qualitative and quantitative analysis. Differently expressed cognitive disorders were revealed in the most of (95%) patients. The patients with hematomas combined with cerebral foci of crushing had more severe cognitive deficit than the patients with ‘isolated’ hematomas. Localization of cerebral lesions had the principal effect on the features and expressiveness of cognitive impairment in the patients with hematomas combined with foci of crushing. The duration of the interval from the moment of trauma till operation had the most significant influence on the severity and the features of cognitive disorders in patients with isolated hematomas. The restoration of cognitive functions depended on severity of cognitive disorders in acute stage.

Cognitive disorders and dementias in the private practice of specialists: pilot study of a self-assessment survey

To know about the features of cognitive disorders and dementias in the private practice of specialists and these doctor's skills on that area. In this pilot study, self-assessment questionnaires were delivered to neurologists of São Paulo State and 196 (22.8%) were respondents. Many neurologists are involved, besides the private practice, with teaching (61.5%) and/or research (59.5%) activities. Most of them assessed as not good the training on cognitive disorders and dementias they had had during both the graduate (77.3%) and residence (63.1%) courses; nevertheless 60.8% self rated their knowledge on that subject as satisfactory and 83.0% declared their interest on it as at least equal to other areas. The most frequent cognitive complaints occurring as primary reason for appointment are memory loss (73.0%) and attention/concentration deficits (48.0%). Dementia of Alzheimer type (54.9%) and vascular dementia (23.0%) are the most frequent ones in the neurologist private practice. Cognitive disorders and dementias represent a significant proportion in the neurological private practice. Although they had not had a good training on the area of cognitive disorders and dementias, the respondent neurologists demonstrated great interest on it.