Characteristics Of Aggressive Behavior Research Articles

Исследование взаимосвязи агрессивного поведения и склонности к проявлению буллинга у подростков

This article is devoted to the study of a current phenomenon of modern psychology - aggressiveness, which can take different forms from physical violence to hidden verbal insults. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of aggressive behavior of adolescents in the context of their tendency to engage in bullying. The sample consisted of 50 teenagers, of which 29 were girls and 21 boys, students of a rural school in the district center of the Altai Territory. The study was carried out using a questionnaire for the study of aggressiveness (A. Bass and A. Darkie), a questionnaire for the level of aggressiveness (A. Bass and M. Perry), an aggressiveness test (L.G. Pochebut), and the method “Identification of the bullying structure” (E. G. Norkina). Bullying structures were identified and the relationships between each structure and manifestations of aggressiveness were determined. The conducted mathematical and statistical analysis using the determination of the arithmetic mean deviation, the Spearman correlation coefficient, and the Wilcoxon T-test coefficient showed significant differences in the characteristics and degree of manifestation of aggressiveness before and after the correctional and developmental training program with adolescents. Based on the results obtained, correctional and developmental training was developed and conducted, which helped reduce the manifestations of aggression and hostility among adolescents. The results obtained can be applied to provide psychological support to adolescents of various bullying structures in educational organizations.

Особенности эмоционального состояния врачей, работающих и неработающих с пациентами, больными Covid-19, в контексте их индивидуально-психологических различий

<p>Since 2019, the world has faced the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the lives of almost everyone. But the greatest burden of responsibility fell on the shoulders of medical workers who have been fighting for the lives of patients in the "red zones" all this time, experiencing enormous overload and stress, and after all, everyone has limited resources to overcome difficult life situations and reacts to them in their own way. In this regard, the purpose of our work was to study the emotional state of doctors working and not working with patients with COVID-19 in the context of their individual psychological differences, such as personal anxiety, features of aggressive behavior and the presence of certain socio-psychological attitudes. The total number of study participants was 81 people aged 27 to 63 years (M=43.6; SD=8.7). As a result of the study, significant differences were revealed in the severity of situational anxiety, overstrain and counteraction to stress in groups with moderate and high levels of personal anxiety among doctors working in "red" zones. For doctors working in "clean" zones, significant differences between situational anxiety and overexertion were revealed for this parameter. The presence of significant connections of such features of aggressive behavior as aggressiveness and hostility with the severity of stress, overexertion and resistance to stress was found. Significant connections between the levels of situational anxiety, overexertion and resistance to stress and different styles of behavior in conflict situations were also revealed. In addition, the links between situational anxiety, overstrain and resistance to stress and various styles of socio-psychological attitudes were revealed.</p>

Navigating the contradiction: balancing patient care and caregiver protection. From heroes to victims

The COVID emergency has accelerated professional and organizational transformations, prompting a re-signification of activity systems, routines, professional visions, concrete daily operations. An unforeseen scenario emerges, highlighting elements of uncertainty, fatigue, and discomfort, linked, on the one hand, to the challenge raised towards the professional identities of the various players, called to deal with the new organizational constraints, to reposition themselves in changing contexts. On the other hand, the challenge refers to the possibility to achieve a good balance between offering services aimed at the promotion and protection of health and, at the same time, to guarantee working safety and security conditions, in increasingly complex contexts in which tensions and contradictions coexist with reduction of resources and requests for more effective services.
 At risk is the possibility to cope with increasing situations of social conflicts (i.e. the no vax manifestations) and events such as those related to the aggressiveness of patients, the verbal and often physical aggression against the health professionals, exposed to the temptation to abandon work and devote oneself to something else. Tackling with patients taken in charge by the Services and with characteristics of aggressive behavior, decidedly above the sustainability thresholds (death threats; screams and insults; raids on the service; stalking; shadowing of operators, ... with situations of requesting emergency intervention by the police, which could only be limited to a light intervention in the absence of an explicit complaint against the person), generates understandable fears and dynamics of avoidance/expulsion. These are, more and more (even though not exclusively) at the basis of resignations and retirement from work. This is in evident contrast with the mission of the health service and therefore with the identification of personnel with the aim of taking care of every user with a need.
 Hence a situation of impasse (disenchantment/impotence/give up/avoidance), having to deal with balancing the threshold of the limit(boundary) and the limit(boundary) of the threshold, defining conditions of survival, of joint elaboration, of collective action agreed. The possibility of conceiving oneself as an emancipatory limit(boundary), avoiding fantasies of ‘expulsive killerage’ and ‘regulatory stiffening’, relies on a collective system alliance, capable of considering both realistic fears with respect to personal safety to be protected, and the elaboration of one's own defensive dynamics in the face of exposure to external aggression.
 At stake is the lacerating dilemma between the identification with a service that must take charge of the needs (whatever they may be) of a user/patient and, at the same time, with the need to protect one's own and others' (other patients) safety conditions to be able to fulfill the professional task to which one is called.

Combined proliferation and apoptosis index provides better risk stratification in breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) risk stratification is critical for predicting behaviour and guiding management decision-making. Despite the well-established prognostic value of cellular proliferation in BC, the interplay between proliferation and apoptosis remains to be defined. In this study, we hypothesised that the combined proliferation and apoptosis indices can provide a more accurate in-vivo growth rate measure and a precise prognostic predictor. Apoptotic and mitotic figures were counted in whole slide images (WSI) generated from haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of 1545 BC cases derived from two well-defined BC cohorts. Counts were carried out visually within defined areas. There was a significant correlation between mitosis and apoptosis scores. High apoptotic counts were associated with features of aggressive behaviour, including high grade, high pleomorphism score and hormonal receptor negativity. Although the mitotic index (MI) and apoptotic index (AI) were independent prognostic indicators, the prognostic value was synergistically higher when combined. BCpatients with a high combined AI and MI had theshortest survival. Replacing the mitosis score with the mitosis-apoptosis index in the Nottingham grading system revealed that the modified grade with the new score had a higher significant association with BC-specific survival with a higher hazard ratio. Apoptotic figures count provides additional prognostic value in BC when combined with MI; such a combination can be implemented to assess the behaviour of BC and provides an accurate prognostic indicator. This can be considered when using artificial intelligence algorithms to assess proliferation in BC.

Features of aggressive behavior in adolescent age

The problem of aggression and aggressive behavior in science becomes relevant when society is going through critical periods of development. The article examines problems and peculiarities in the school environment, namely in adolescence. The causes of aggression among teenagers are considered. The study of adolescent aggression has been described. The characteristic influence of relatives on the development of aggression in adolescent children has been analyzed. It has been revealed how an adult's aggression at home can affect a child's life. The topic of the social context that generates aggression has been problematized. The problem of aggression between teenagers has been studied more deeply. The study was aimed at the relationship between reducing the already high level of aggressiveness in the behavior of adolescents, the level of self-esteem and the type of upbringing in the family. In the course of the study, conclusions were drawn, and it turned out that in adolescence, the high level of aggression characteristic of children with emotional vulnerability is directly related to their fragile self-image.

Predicting Oncologic Outcomes in Small Renal Tumors

BackgroundMost patients diagnosed with renal cancer today present with small renal masses (SRMs). Although these patients have a low risk of dying from their disease and many are followed with active surveillance protocols, a small subset of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) behave aggressively. Knowledge regarding features of aggressive behavior would enable better adoption of active surveillance strategies among these patients. ObjectiveWe sought to improve prognostic models to predict metastasis-free survival after nephrectomy through focused analyses of clinicopathologic characteristics of SRMs associated with adverse outcomes. Design, setting, and participantsWe identified consecutive patients with surgically resected SRMs (≤4 cm) at the University of Texas Southwestern Kidney Cancer Program between 1998 and 2020. In addition, we evaluated the ability of SRMs to form tumors when implanted in mice, an indicator of tumor aggressiveness. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisWe examined the clinicopathologic factors associated with metastasis including prospectively performed BAP1 immunohistochemistry at our Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments laboratory. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to predict metastasis-free survival. Results and limitationsA total of 3900 evaluable nephrectomies (from 3674 ethnically diverse patients) were identified, of which 1984 (51%) were SRMs including 1720 RCC. Of these patients with RCC (SRMRCC), 1576 did not have synchronous or metachronous larger RCCs and among these, 37 (2%) developed metastases. SRMRCC that metastasized were significantly enriched for aggressive morphologic phenotypes and engrafted in mice at comparable rates as larger metastatic tumors. BAP1 loss remained significantly associated with metastasis-free survival after accounting for TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stage and SSIGN (stage, size, grade, and necrosis) score in multivariable analysis. ConclusionsWe identified clinicopathologic features that influence metastasis-free survival for patients with SRMRCC. If validated independently, these data should assist with patient prognosis and help with active surveillance strategies. Patient summaryWe report the identification of features of aggressiveness in small renal tumors that influence the likelihood of metastases after surgery.

Aggressive behavior and empathy in preadolescents

The article addresses the issue of studying the characteristics of aggressive behavior in preadolescents. An important factor of aggression is empathy, the lack of which could create conditions for the development of aggressive behavior. Aggressive manifestations in preadolescents have traits caused not only by age and sex, but also by the ability to empathize. The characteristics of empathy, empathic abilities in preadolescents are still in the form of formation, they are unstable, and their development depends on the psychological climate in the family and the reference group of peers, as well as on the personality characteristics of preadolescents. Experimentally, it has been shown that there is an inverse relationship between the level of empathy and aggressive behavior in preadolescents, which allowed us to suggest that there are differences in the manifestations of aggressive behavior in preadolescents with different levels of empathy.

The Frequency and Factors Related to Aggressive Behavior in Psychiatric Patients Controlled by a Variety of Restraint Methods

Background: Aggressive behavior of patients in psychiatric wards is one of the main challenges faced by healthcare workers. Despite the abundance of research on the frequency of aggressive behavior, not enough attention has been paid to its severity. Furthermore, limited studies have evaluated the restraint methods used to manage aggressive behaviors. Objectives: The current descriptive study aimed to compare the relationship between demographic characteristics, diagnosis of psychiatric illness, medical illness, and hospitalization characteristics with features of aggressive behavior in patients experiencing different types of restraint during hospitalization. Methods: We evaluated subjects admitted to the adult psychiatric wards of Imam Hossein and Taleghani hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2018. The patients were controlled by various restraint methods during hospitalization. All the patients were evaluated for the severity of aggression, which was determined utilizing the Persian version of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). All the data along with demographic and clinical characteristics obtained from medical records were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test (P-value = 0.05) and Spearman correlation coefficient to describe the factors affecting the aggressive behavior of patients. Results: In this study, the prevalence of aggressive behavior was 11.7%. Among the demographic variables, gender (P-value = 0.003), education level (P-value = 0.05), and the history of aggressive behavior (P-value = 0.001) were significantly associated with the MOAS. Furthermore, as the hospitalization duration increased, the frequency of aggressive behavior decreased, and its severity intensified. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between aggression severity with admission type (P-value = 0.00), concurrent medical illness (P-value = 0.026), and substance abuse (P-value = 0.025). Conclusions: Variables affecting aggressive behavior, such as male gender, involuntary admission, and a history of aggression, might aid in the early detection of patients who may exhibit more severe aggressive behavior.

Features of aggressive behavior of young men in relation to persons of other nationalities

The extremely high concentration of aggression in society towards people of other nationalities and the lack of an unambiguous and adequate scientific definition of this complex phenomenon make the problem of aggressiveness research one of the most urgent in the modern world. The authors consider four main approaches to the study of aggression, which can be designated as instinctivistic, frustration, behavioristic and cognitive. The article presents the main results of an empirical study in the form of a questionnaire, the respondents of which were high school boys of one of the city's secondary schools.

Mapping aggressive behavior of forensic psychiatric inpatients with self-report and structured staff-monitoring

Structured assessment of aggressive behavior in forensic psychiatry is needed. This study investigated staff-observed and self-reported measures to map prevalence and characteristics of aggressive behavior in forensic inpatients and aimed to identify early signs of aggressive outbursts. In this longitudinal study, 120 forensic psychiatric inpatients with a history of aggression were included. Staff monitored aggressive behavior for 30 weeks using the Social Dysfunction and Aggression Scale (SDAS). Patients completed baseline self-report measures on aggression, anger, and impulsivity. Staff monitoring showed that most inpatients displayed moderate (86%) or severe (65%) aggressive behavior at least once, and 37.5% showed physical aggression. Inpatients with a least one physical aggression incident differed from others in self-reported anger, (reactive) aggression, non-planning impulsivity, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (e.g., higher prevalence of cluster B personality disorders, and lower intelligence). Two-thirds of the physical aggression incidents were preceded by observations of increased non-physical aggression (SDAS). In forensic psychiatric inpatients with a history of aggression, more than a third of the patients demonstrated at least one occasion of physical aggression during 30 weeks of observation.

Effect of gut microbiota early in life on aggressive behavior in mice

Recent reports have indicated that gut microbiota modulates the responses to stress through the microbiota-gut-brain axis in mice, suggesting a connection between gut microbiota and brain function. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota early in life would have an effect on aggressiveness, and examined how gut microbiota affect aggressive behaviors in mice. BALB/c mice were housed in germ-free (GF) and ex-germ-free (Ex-GF) isolators. An aggression test was performed between castrated and a non-castrated mice at 8 weeks of age; the mice were allowed to confront each other for 10 min in strictly contamination-free environments. To evaluate aggressive behavior related to gut microbiota, we orally administered diluted Ex-GF mouse feces to the offspring of GF mice at 0, 6, and 10 weeks. GF mice showed more aggression than Ex-GF mice. Furthermore, GF mice who were administered feces of the Ex-GF group at 0-week-old were less aggressive than the GF mice. These findings suggested that the gut microbiota in the early stages of development was likely to have an effect on aggressiveness. Maintenance of healthy gut microbiota early in life can affect the mitigation of aggressive behavioral characteristics throughout the lifetime.

Exploring the profiles of aggressive behavior among college students: A person-centered approach

In contrast to the traditional “variable-centered” approach, this study used a “person-centered” approach to reveal the distinct profiles of aggressive behavior among 851 Chinese college students, and tested how these profiles were related to two potential protective factors (emotional intelligence and self-esteem) and one outcome (friendship quality). Our results showed five different profiles (labeled as low, hostile, indirect, moderate, and high aggression groups) that exhibited different characteristics of aggressive behavior and differential associations with the protective and outcome variables. Three groups (the low, hostile, and indirect aggression groups) had higher levels of emotional intelligence and friendship quality than the other two groups (the moderate and high aggression groups). In terms of self-esteem, the low aggression group showed higher self-esteem than did the hostile, indirect, and moderate aggression groups, who in turn showed higher self-esteem than did the high aggression group. The study suggests that using the “person-centered” approach may considerably deepen our understanding of aggressive behavior among college students and its relationship with other variables.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ АГРЕССИВНОСТИ У ПОДРОСТКОВ С ЛЁГКОЙ УМСТВЕННОЙ ОТСТАЛОСТЬЮ

Introduction. This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of aggressive behavior in adolescents suffering from mild mental retardation given its nature of origin, which could either be a character trait and/or a behavioral pattern, or result from organic brain syndrome. Materials and Methods. The methods used in the study are the method of expert assessment (pedagogic assessment of disordered behavior with the Teacher questionnaire for identifying children with disordered behavior (E. L. Indenbaum); monitoring; psychological diagnostic method (the projective technique Children’s Apperceptive Test (S. Bellak) (Fig.7); analysis of medical history and documents regarding the micro-social environment of the adolescent development; and the mathematical statistics method. Results. Aggressive behavior in adolescents with organic brain syndrome is characterized by a severe disorder of emotional self-control, inadequate responses to an irritator of a certain degree, affective rigidity, and a long time necessary to return to a normal state. Distinctive characteristics of aggressive behavior in adolescents with aggression as an inherent character trait suggest that aggression occurs based on a specific situation and could be self-regulated or managed by exterior regulation. Conclusion. The findings indicate that adolescents with mild mental retardation show aggression differently depending on the nature of its origin. Keyword: aggressive behavior, aggression, adolescents with mental retardation, aggression as a character trait, aggression as a result of organic brain syndrome

Features of Aggressive Behaviour in Persons Legitimizing Aggression

Social efforts are aimed at minimizing the forms of aggression that, in a specific cultural and historical context, have been attributed to deliberate violations of the norms of society. Nevertheless, along with them, there have always been sanctioned and encouraged forms of violence in society, which have remained for a long time without the attention of researchers. Legalized aggression is a sanctioned and encouraged form of violence manifested in various spheres of life. The purpose of this article is to con-sider the relationship between the features of aggressive behavior and basic beliefs with the tendency to legitimized aggression among students of different courses of study. It was obtained that the most common way of expressing aggression is verbal aggression. It was revealed that people legitimizing aggression in different spheres of life are characterized by the presence of a basic belief about the ill will of the surrounding world, in addition, people inclined to legitimize aggression will be hostile to others and resort to aggression in the process of communication.

Myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1) is an independent predictor of poor outcome in invasive breast cancer

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is a disease with variable morphology, clinical behaviour and response to therapy. Identifying factors associated with the progression of early-stage BC can help understand the risk of metastasis and guide treatment decisions. Myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1), which is involved in the cellular antiviral mechanism, plays a role in some solid tumours; however, its role in invasive BC remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of MX1 in BC.MethodsMX1 was assessed at the protein level using tissue microarrays from a large well-annotated BC cohort (n = 845). The expression of MX1 mRNA was assessed at the transcriptomic level using the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC; n = 1980) and validated using three publicly available cohorts on Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner (bc-GenExMiner version 4.4). The associations between MX1 expression and clinicopathological factors, and outcome were evaluated.ResultsHigh MX1 protein expression was associated with features of aggressiveness, including large tumour size, high tumour grade, high Nottingham prognostic index scores, hormone receptor negativity and high Ki67 expression. High MX1 expression showed an association with poor patient outcome and it was an independent predictor of short BC-specific survival (p = 0.028; HR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.0–2.2). Consistent with the protein results, high MX1 mRNA levels showed an association with features of aggressive behaviour and with shorter survival.ConclusionThis study identified MX1 as an independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with BC. Further functional studies are needed to investigate the biological role of MX1 in BC and its potential value as a therapeutic target.

Clinicopathological significance of lipocalin 2 nuclear expression in invasive breast cancer.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is involved in the regulation of EMT. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of LCN2 expression in breast cancer. The expression of LCN2 protein was immunohistochemically assessed in two well-characterised annotated cohorts of breast cancer (discovery cohort, n = 612; validation cohort, n = 1363). The relationship of LCN2 expression and subcellular location with the clinicopathological factors and outcomes of patients was analysed. Absent or reduced nuclear LCN2 expression was associated with features of aggressive behaviour, including high histological grade, high Nottingham Prognostic Index, high Ki67 labelling index, hormone receptor negativity and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity. The high cytoplasmic expression of LCN2 was correlated with lymph node positivity. The nuclear downregulation of LCN2 was correlated with the overexpression of EMT associated proteins (N-cadherin and Twist-related protein 2) and basal biomarkers (cytokeratin 5/6 and epidermal growth factor receptor). Unlike the cytoplasmic expression of LCN2, the loss of nuclear expression was a significant predictor of poor outcome. The combinatorial expression tumours with high cytoplasmic and low nuclear expression were associated with the worst prognosis. Tumour cell expression of LCN2 plays a role in breast cancer progression with loss of its nuclear expression which is associated with aggressive features and poor outcome. Further functional analysis is warranted to confirm the relationship between the subcellular localisation LCN2 and behaviour of breast cancer.

Psychological characteristics of aggressive behavior in preschool children

Psychological characteristics of aggressive behavior in preschool children

Association between serotonin 2C receptor gene (HTR2C) polymorphisms and psychopathological symptoms in children and adolescents.

Serotonin 2C receptors (5HT2C) are involved in serotonin-driven dynamic equilibrium adjustments responsible for homeostatic stability in brain structures that modulate behavior and emotions. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the serotonin 2C receptor gene (HTR2C) have been associated with several neurological and mental disorders, including abnormalities in cognitive and emotional processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the rs6318 SNP of the HTR2C gene and behavioral characteristics exhibited by children and adolescents based on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6-18) inventory. Eighty-five psychiatric outpatients between 8 and 18 years of age underwent genotyping of the rs6318 SNP. The CBCL/6-18 scale was administered to their caregivers. The chi-squared test was used to assess differences in the frequency of C and G alleles of the rs6318 SNP relative to the grouped CBCL/6-18 scores; significance level was 5%. The presence of the G allele of rs6318 was found to be associated with characteristics of aggressive behavior and social problems, and aggressive behavior was found to be associated with heterozygosis in females. These findings contribute to the identification of mental and behavioral phenotypes associated with gene expression.

Characteristics of Aggressive Behavior in People With Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability and Co-Occurring Psychopathology

ABSTRACTIntroduction: People with intellectual disabilities and co-occurring psychopathology have a relatively high likelihood to engage in aggressive behavior. Nevertheless, structured clinical assessment of aggressive behavior, including when and where it occurs, is scarce in this population. Methods: On three wards specializing in the care for people with mild to borderline intellectual disability and co-occurring psychopathology, staff members completed the Staff Observation Aggression Scale–Revised adapted for people with intellectual disabilities (SOAS-R-ID) during a nine-month period, every time they witnessed aggressive behavior. Results: Based on 236 SOAS-R-ID forms, it was found that aggressive incidents were most common on Thursdays, and on two specific moments of the day (between 9–11 a.m. and 7–9 p.m.). The aggressive behavior was often exclusively of a verbal nature and was usually targeted against staff members (77.1% of the incidents). The Interclass (Pearson) Correlation Coefficient agreement between observers on the total score of the SOAS-R-ID was 0.72. Correlation between the judgment of the severity of aggressive behavior made by the staff members and the SOAS-R-ID severity scores was moderate (r = .40), but significant. Conclusions: Because aggressive behavior appeared to result often from interactions between the client and staff member or other clients, these interactions might be an important starting point for interventions. Structured clinical assessment of aggressive behavior can help to devise and test the effects of interventions. The SOAS-R-ID seems to be a clinically useful instrument and could therefore help to reduce the frequency of these incidents in the future.

Characteristics of Aggressive Behavior among Male Inpatients with Schizophrenia.

BackgroundThe incidence of the aggressive behavior is higher among the patients with severe mental disorder such as schizophrenia than the general population. The study of factors related to aggressive behavior has great meaning in designing prevention and intervention methods with this population of patients.AimsTo understand the characteristics of assaultive behavior of male patients with schizophrenia who have been hospitalized.MethodsUsing a continuous sampling method, data from 75 male inpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia was collected at the psychiatric unit of Central South University Second Xiangya Hospital (Changsha, China) from August 2015 to February 2016.On the third day after hospitalization participants were given a general questionnaire as well as being assessed using the modified overt aggression scale (MOAS), historical clinical risk management-20 (HCR-20) questionnaire, hare psychopathic checklist-revised (PCL-R), and positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS).Based on results of the MOAS participants were group into an ‘aggressive behavior’ group (39 cases) and ‘non-aggressive behavior’ group (36 cases). The differences in socio-demographic characteristics and scores on the other evaluation tools were then compared between these two groups.ResultsParticipants in the ‘aggressive behavior’ group had significantly different scores in the HCR-20 in the H1 (past violence events), H2 (violent events when young), H10 (disobedience in the past), and C4 (impulsiveness) sections; as well in the anti-social section of PCL-R; and significantly higher PANSS scores in the positive symptom, depressive symptoms and paranoid symptom sections than those in the ‘non-aggressive behavior’ group.ConclusionsA combination of adverse and traumatic life events such as a history of violence, vulnerabilities in ones personality (e.g. impulsive or antisocial tendencies) and psychopathology of current illness (e.g. significant anxiety and depressive symptoms) contribute to aggressive behavior in male inpatients with schizophrenia. Our results contribute to the literature that will hopefully aid in ensuring patient and staff safety, as well as providing more information in working with this vulnerable population.