Wear Characteristics Research Articles

Microstructure, XRD characteristics and tribological behavior of SiC–graphite reinforced Cu-matrix hybrid composites

Abstract This study’s main goal is to investigate how the properties of pure copper are impacted by the addition of silicon carbide–graphite reinforcement. Here in this research a powder metallurgy procedure is used to make copper matrix composites with different amounts of silicon carbide–graphite reinforcement (2 %, 5 %, 8 %, and 10 %) by weight. The microstructure, phases present, wear analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis were all thoroughly examined, while scanning electron microscopy was used for imaging the microstructure of materials. The absence of any intermediate phases between the reinforcing materials and the copper matrix, according to X-ray diffraction data, suggests a strong interfacial interaction between them. A microstructural analysis of the copper matrix indicated a consistent dispersion of silicon carbide–graphite. The amount of reinforcement employed was found to have an impact on the wear characteristics of these copper matrix composites. Notably, the softness of graphite caused the hardness to drop when it was added. The 5 % reinforcement composite material outperformed the other evaluated composite materials in terms of wear rate, which was calculated in term of specific wear rate by using a pin-on-disc testing machine. This implies that this specific composite could be useful for tribological applications.

Multi-phase uniformly distributed γ/γ′ phase interfacial friction mechanism of nickel-based single crystal alloys

Abstract The molecular dynamics method was employed to simulate the friction process at the multiphase uniformly distributed γ/γ′ phase interface of a nickel-based single crystal alloy. The results show that the presence of a coherent interface significantly affects friction force fluctuations, abrasion mark morphology, atomic displacement, and material resilience. The coefficient of friction varies with the number of interfaces and is closely related to the depth of wear. Atomic displacements and strains are affected by the lattice interfaces, which affect the propagation of strains. As the number of interfaces increases, the elasticity of the γ′ phase increases, while the elasticity of the γ phase decreases. The number of interfaces also affects the dislocation density and the dislocations due to mismatch. Adequate control of the coherent interfaces is therefore essential to optimize the friction and wear characteristics.

Polishing Performance of Muğla White Marble with Different Abrasives

Abrasives play a critical role in the polish process of natural stone. Therefore, they can significantly affect the performance of polishing. In the thematic literature, there is no detailed study investigating the effect of abrasives from two different manufacturers in the same form on the natural stone polishing performance and wear characteristics of abrasive grain. The current study aims to fill this gap. Two abrasives are used on natural stone polishing process. Marble samples are polished in the same abrasive series, at constant belt and head pressure. Polishing performances of the abrasives are investigated based on surface roughness, surface gloss and the wear mechanism of abrasive grain. The study revealed that the Abrasive B present higher polishing performances in terms of the surface roughness and gloss on marble sample. The SEM analysis presented that the wear mechanisms of SiC grain are mainly attributed to abrasive wear, fracture wear and plucked out of abrasive. Additionally, it is concluded that polishing performance of the natural stone is highly affected by abrasive grain shape and grain distribution.

Tribological Evaluation of Coatings in Fuel Environments

Abstract To enhance the durability and reliability of high-pressure fuel system components operating with low-viscosity fuels, an analysis of the tribological performance of potential coating material candidates was conducted. This study focuses on evaluating the friction and wear characteristics of various coatings widely used by industry for surface protection, including carbides, nitrides, diamond-like carbon (DLC), and solid lubricants, under accelerated reciprocating ball on flat conditions intended to provide information on longer term operation in fuel pumps. The tribological performance of these coatings in fuels of varying chemistry and viscosity, including ethanol, decane, dodecane, and aviation fuel (F-24), was compared to the mechanical properties of materials, such as hardness and elastic modulus. Results indicate that carbides show the lowest friction and wear values across different fuel environments. CrN-based coatings demonstrate a decrease in friction and wear in comparison to other nitrides. This comprehensive investigation lays the groundwork for informed design decisions in developing high-performance coatings tailored to withstand the challenges of low-viscosity fuel environments.

Dry Sliding Wear Characteristics in Trend at Every Stage of Al-TiO2 Nanocomposite Manufacturing Processed by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying and Accumulative Roll Bonding

Dry Sliding Wear Characteristics in Trend at Every Stage of Al-TiO2 Nanocomposite Manufacturing Processed by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying and Accumulative Roll Bonding

Non-linear shear characteristics and wear behaviors of joints considering the factors of roughness, size effect, and joint strength

This study investigates the non-linear shear behaviors and failure mechanisms of rock-like materials with three-dimensional joint regarding various sample diameters (d), joint roughness coefficients (JRC), and joint wall strength ratios (SR). A series of cylindrical specimens were prepared and underwent direct shear tests. The peak shear stress (τmax) decreases by 13.09%–25.98% with an increasing d due to the intensified stress concentration resultant from a diminished contact area. A higher JRC increases τmax by 13.16%–50.70% due to enhanced interlocking effects. An increase in SR improves the matrix mechanical properties, resulting in a gentle growth in τmax by 7.30%–18.27%. The normal displacement (δv)–shear displacement (u) curves and failure morphologies of the joints indicate that, as d decreases or JRC and SR increase, the curves gradually move upward and the failure modes of the joints transfer from plastic shear flow to brittle shear failure. Furthermore, the finite element method simulation was introduced to analyze the mesoscopic wear characteristics of the joint surfaces. The results reveal that the process of joint failure can be categorized into three stages including wear, shearing, and further smoothing, and the failure degree on the joints exacerbates with a smaller d or larger JRC and SR. Additionally, an improved non-linear shear failure criterion considering the influences of size effect, SR, and JRC is developed based on the Barton's JRC-JCS (joint compressive strength) model, with the average error reduced significantly from 8.12% to 3.23%.

A study on the fretting wear characteristic of Inconcel 718 alloys formed by selective laser melting(SLM)

A study on the fretting wear characteristic of Inconcel 718 alloys formed by selective laser melting(SLM)

The electrified tribological behavior of TiN coating in lubricated contacts

Abstract The excellent conductivity of TiN coatings holds promising potential for application in electrified
mechanical systems. This work investigated the friction and wear behavior of TiN coating in
electrified contactswhen lubricated with fourbase oils: poly-α-olefin, mineral, rapeseed, and castor
oils. The results indicated that the electric current significantly induced stick-slip friction. Higher
currents led to a slow increase in friction for hydrocarbon oils, whereas a gradual decrease in
friction was observed for castor oils. The steel friction pair underwent notable wear under
electrified contact conditions due to the current-induced tribo-oxidation. TiN coating displayed
obvious negative wear characteristics when lubricated with hydrocarbon oils under current
conditions The tribo-layer. on the friction surfaces, comprising iron oxides and graphite-like carbon,
was linked to the electrified friction and wear behavior. The electrically promoted lubricant
degradation and tribo-oxidation of the steel pair emerged as universal features in electrical contacts.

Molecular Dynamics Study of Fretting Wear Characteristics of Silicon Nitride Bearings

AbstractTo study fretting wear characteristics of silicon nitride bearing. Atomic model of surface fretting wear of silicon nitride bearing is constructed by molecular dynamics method and deep learning self‐fitting potential function. First principles are used to match silicon nitride crystal parameters; Dynamic analysis of fretting wear process of nanoscale silicon nitride bearing is realized. Experiment shows that friction force in the Z direction is a maximum of 3.5 nN. The output potential energy 2.31 × 107 eV is 1.63 times that of the y‐axis, which is main factor causing the fretting wear. The force perpendicular to the direction of roller and the collar of silicon nitride bearings should be avoided in the process of using or transporting the bearings. Silicon nitride bearing fretting wear process is non‐transient elastic stress‐strain, along the rolling plane extension, in the roller rolling direction to form a sharp angle shape high strain linear region. Bearing Z direction damage degree increased; Silicon nitride bearing surface layer has 22.47% of the N─Si bond fracture. The study of the fretting wear characteristics of silicon nitride ceramic bearings has a reference value for reducing the surface friction of silicon nitride bearings and improving the life of silicon nitride bearings.

Lubrication and wear characteristics of bionic composite texture on friction pair under seawater condition

Abstract To improve the lubrication bearing capacity of the slipper pair of axial piston pump under seawater lubrication, a bionic composite texture (ball pit-ball convex) was designed based on the non-smooth surface structure of dung beetle, and friction and wear experiments were carried out with CF/PEEK and 316L stainless steel. Thirteen groups of experiments with different parameters and structure sizes were designed and studied. The surface morphology of materials under different structural sizes and test parameters were observed, and the lubrication and wear characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the cavitation effect can increase the total compressive capacity of the bionic composite texture by 51.2% and reduce the friction coefficient by 53.3%, and the diameter and area ratio of the ball pit have the most obvious influence on the bearing performance. It is also found that the bionic composite texture has better anti-friction performance than the single texture because it has the function of storing wear chips.

Tailoring Wear Properties of Nodular Cast Iron through Induction Hardening Optimization

Abstract The current study investigated the wear performances of GGG60 nodular cast iron under different loads after induction hardening at different powers and durations. The background of this study is the optimization of induction hardening parameters applied to increase the wear resistance of GGG60 nodular cast iron, which is the raw material of parts subjected to high wear loads such as crankshafts, gear systems and flywheels. With the obtained wear results, the induction parameters were optimized by RSM. Induction hardening was treated at four induction powers and two induction durations. Wear tests were conducted using the ball-on-disc method under dry wear conditions for 60 min. Three different wear loads of 10, 20, and 30 N were used. The samples were analyzed in terms of microstructure, hardness, and wear characterization. Subsequently, a RSM model was constructed using the wear results Untreated specimens have significantly lower performance characteristics than treated ones. The hardness, penetration depth, and wear performance indicated a strong relationship with the increase in both induction power and duration. The optimization model presented that the most critical parameter of volume loss is the wear load. In addition, induction power and wear load were found to be significant in the wear rate. The model's prediction capacity for volume loss is satisfactory. Nevertheless, the model's prediction capacity for the wear rate experienced a slight decrease. Conclusions indicate the model can estimate the induction hardening parameters.

Effects of castor oil as lubricity enhancer on friction and wear characteristics of piston engine running on diesohol

Recently, ethanol has become acceptable for blending with diesel, in the so called diesohol, and is known to reduce particulate matter exhausted from diesel engines significantly. However, its poor lubricity is a concern for long-term application. Many efforts have been made to improve the lubricity of diesohol by combining additives into the ethanol-diesel blend. Castor oil is one of the most effective additives for enhancing lubricity and reducing the wear of engine components. However, the lubricating mechanism of the diesohol blended with castor oil has not been clearly reported. Therefore, in this research, the role of castor oil in lubricity enhancement was studied by varying the castor oil content in diesel from 5% to 15% v/v while retaining the ethanol content of 10% v/v. According to the ASTM D6079, the standardized lubricity test was performed using the high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). The fuel holder of the HFRR was modified to minimize the vaporization of the ethanol. After lubricity tests, the wear of the tested specimens was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The increase in lubricity of the blended fuel was found only up to the castor oil content of 10% v/v. At the blending amount of 10% v/v, the friction coefficient at the contact of the tested specimens decreased by 31%, while the mean wear scar diameter decreased by 25%. SEM imaging revealed delamination of the scuffed surface under diesohol lubrication without the castor oil blend. As the blending amount of the castor oil increased, the wear mode changed, and delamination was not found in the cases of the castor oil content of 10% and 15% v/v. For a long-term 220-hour engine test, diesohol blended with 10% castor oil was inferior for soot deposition and wear of metals that reduce the engine torque.

Mechanical and Sliding Wear Characterization of LM14 Aluminium Metal Matrix Hybrid Composites

Generally, Aluminium alloys are used as the construction material for the engine pistons. This paper discusses the use of hybrid aluminum matrix composites to enhance the mechanical properties of the piston. The major components of the matrix are LM14, silicon carbide (SiC), boron carbide (B4C) and graphite (Gr). Addition of SiC improves the strength and thermal properties of the piston. Gr addition leads to better lubrication properties, which eventually reduce the wear rate of the piston. Tensile test, hardness test, wear rate, and thermal properties are analyzed in the fabricated samples. Thus, the novel hybrid composite material was proven to withstand high temperature applications, especially for pistons. Further, the durability of the piston can be enhanced with the introduction of these matrix components.

Comparative Study of Wear Characteristics of Graphite, Silicon Carbide and Mixture of Silicon Carbide – Graphite Filled E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites

Composite materials blend unique characteristics such as stiffness, toughness and high thermal strength. The present study evaluates the tribological properties, namely abrasion and erosion wear of E-glass fabric reinforced vinyl ester composites with and without the addition of particulate fillers. The composite plates were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique. Graphite, Silicon Carbide (SiC) and a mixture of SiC-Graphite were used as particulate reinforcement and accordingly, three sets of composites were fabricated with each set containing composite plates of 3%, 6% and 9% filler content by weight. Dry Abrasion test or three body wear tests and Erosion Wear Testing were conducted to evaluate the tribological properties of the composites and the test was performed under ASTM G-65 (ASTM G65, 1994). Silica sand and quartz sand were used as abrasive media. It was concluded that the addition of particulate filler in vinyl ester composites significantly improved their wear resistance and Silicon Carbide filled composites have better resistance to wear than the other combinations which were tested.

Effect of Zircon on Aluminum/Graphite Alloy Hybrid Composite and Wear Characterization with Load: Experimental and ANN Test

Effect of Zircon on Aluminum/Graphite Alloy Hybrid Composite and Wear Characterization with Load: Experimental and ANN Test

Wear Characteristics of Thermally Sprayed Diamond-Reinforced Ni-P Coatings

Wear Characteristics of Thermally Sprayed Diamond-Reinforced Ni-P Coatings

Coupled modelling and analysis of lubrication-wear evolution of textured piston/cylinder pair in high-pressure common rail pumps

Abstract Surface texturing is an important approach to enhance fluid lubrication performance and reduce friction and wear. Research on the surface texturing of the piston/cylinder pair considering various characteristics such as multi-physical fields and the evolution of friction and wear is still insufficient. The novelty of this work aims to establish a coupled numerical simulation model considering the coupling effect of multiple physical fields, wear of the cylinder bore and surface texture, and determine the effective surface texture parameters to improve the friction performance of the mechanical components of high-pressure common rail pump. The influence of surface texture on friction and wear characteristics and the evolution of lubrication-wear under different geometric cases were in-depth investigated, and the action mechanism of surface texture on lubrication and wear was revealed. Through numerical analysis, optimal parameters were identified that significantly reduce the friction coefficient and wear amount, offering practical insights for mitigating friction and wear in mechanical systems.

Abrasive Wear Characteristics of High-Cr Multicomponent White Cast Irons at Elevated Temperatures

Abrasive Wear Characteristics of High-Cr Multicomponent White Cast Irons at Elevated Temperatures

Fabrication, Microstructure Study and Wear Characteristics of Coconut Shell Powder Filled Natural Sisal and Jute Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Fabrication, Microstructure Study and Wear Characteristics of Coconut Shell Powder Filled Natural Sisal and Jute Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Measurement of volumetric wear of printed polymer resin and milled polymer infused ceramic network definitive restorative materials.

Currently there is no regulatory requirement or international standard for the wear resistance of dental materials and therefore no need to test prior to market launch. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the total volumetric wear characteristics of milled polymer infiltrated ceramic network (MPICN) and printed polymer resin (PPR) as substrates opposing five antagonists, human enamel (EN), lithium disilicate (LD), zirconia (ZR), MPICN, and PPR, and to evaluate and compare the volumetric wear of these same materials as antagonists. Ten of each antagonist for a total of 50 EN, LD (IPS e.max CAD), ZR (IPS e.max ZirCAD MT), MPICN (Crystal Ultra), and PPR (Crowntec for NextDent) were shaped into spherical heads and were tested against 2 disk-shaped substrates, MPICN (Crystal Ultra) and PPR (Crowntec for NextDent). Specimens were tested in a wear machine with a third-body food substitute and loaded with a force of 20 to 70N at 1Hz for 100 000 cycles. The total wear volume was digitally measured by comparing scans before and after cycling. The area of the wear facet of the antagonists was measured in a similar way and used to estimate the total volume loss of the antagonists. Data were analyzed using 2-way and 1-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey multiple comparisons post hoc test (α=.05). Antagonist type was found to significantly affect the total volume wear of the substrate (P=.022). EN was found to cause significantly more wear in opposing substrates than ZR and PPR. Substrate material did not significantly affect the wear rate of the substrates (P=.345) nor did the interaction between substrate and antagonist type (P=.150). Antagonist wear was significantly affected by antagonist type (P<.001), with ZR showing no visible signs of wear and MPICN showing the most wear overall; substrate type (P=.002), with antagonists opposing MPICN showing more wear than PPR; and their interaction (P=.031). Differences in the wear resistance of milled polymer infiltrated ceramic network and printed polymer resin definitive restorative materials were found but varied depending on the opposing material. No material showed superior wear resistance across all tests. Overall, printed polymer resins created less wear in opposing antagonists than milled polymer infiltrated ceramic network materials.