Issue Features Research Articles

Propagation through and characterization of atmospheric and oceanic phenomena: introduction to the joint feature issue in Applied Optics and Journal of the Optical Society of America A

This joint feature issue in Applied Optics and JOSA A collects articles focused on the topic of propagation through and characterization of atmospheric oceanic phenomena. The papers cover a broad range of topics, many of which were addressed at the 2023 Propagation Through and Characterization of Atmospheric Oceanic Phenomena (pcAOP) Topical Meeting at the Optica Imaging Congress in Boston, Massachusetts, 14–17 August 2023. These papers are supplemented by numerous examples of the current state of research in the field. This is the first pcAOP feature issue, with the intention to produce an issue on this topic every two years.

Nonlinear Optics: feature issue introduction

This joint issue of Optics Express and Optical Materials Express showcases 29 articles that report the latest advancements in nonlinear optics. These articles include contributions from authors who participated in the Optica Nonlinear Optics Topical Meeting, which took place in Honolulu, Hawaii, from July 10th to July 14th, 2023. The conference was organized by Optica (formerly known as OSA). As an introduction, the editors provide a summary of these articles, which cover a broad range of topics in nonlinear optics, spanning from fundamental nonlinear optical concepts to novel nonlinear effects, and from innovative nonlinear materials to topics such as ultrafast optics, machine learning empowered nonlinear optics, and unconventional applications. This diverse array of contributions reflects the dynamic and interdisciplinary nature of contemporary research in the field of nonlinear optics while showcasing some of the most recent developments.

Nonlinear Optics: feature issue introduction

This joint issue of Optics Express and Optical Materials Express showcases 29 articles that report the latest advancements in nonlinear optics. These articles include contributions from authors who participated in the Optica Nonlinear Optics Topical Meeting, which took place in Honolulu, Hawaii, from July 10th to July 14th, 2023. The conference was organized by Optica (formerly known as OSA). As an introduction, the editors provide a summary of these articles, which cover a broad range of topics in nonlinear optics, spanning from fundamental nonlinear optical concepts to novel nonlinear effects, and from innovative nonlinear materials to topics such as ultrafast optics, machine learning empowered nonlinear optics, and unconventional applications. This diverse array of contributions reflects the dynamic and interdisciplinary nature of contemporary research in the field of nonlinear optics while showcasing some of the most recent developments.

Special Issue on Advanced Metal Cutting Technologies

Cutting technologies are utilized in many industrial sectors, such as automobile, aircraft, and medical-device manufacturing as well as dies and molds. Thus, the requirements for higher geometric accuracy, better surface integrity, and longer component service lifetimes have substantially increased. In addition, maintaining high machining efficiency while simultaneously reducing power consumption and CO2 emissions during machining is important for sustainable development. This special issue features 11 papers on the most recent advances in cutting technologies for metals and composite materials. - Reverse finishing characteristics of drilling surfaces - Machining error simulation for end milling - Visualization of cutting phenomena using a single-crystal diamond tool - Milling of TiB2 particle-reinforced high-modulus steel - Electrodischarge-assisted turning of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers - Suppression of chatter vibration during double-insert turning - Prediction of surface roughness components during turning - Microtome blades for high-precision tissue sectioning - Boiling of coolant near the cutting edge in high-speed machining - Residual stress during drilling of aluminum alloy - Effect of strain hardening on burr control during drilling This issue provides an understanding of recent developments in cutting technologies, aiming to inspire further research in this field. We deeply appreciate the careful work of all the authors and thank the reviewers for their diligent efforts.

Time-Varying Artificial Photonic Metastructures: introduction to the special issue

Time-varying metamaterials are currently at the forefront of research, offering immense possibilities for intriguing wave manipulation. In this Feature Issue, we provide a collection of the most recent results on time-varying artificial photonic metastructures, together with the review paper on the general properties of time-varying dispersive materials and an opinion paper on the topic from A. Boltasseva, V.M. Shalaev and M. Segev.

Hybrid Photonics: Integration, Design and Devices: feature issue introduction

We introduce the Optical Materials Express feature issue on Hybrid Photonics: Integration, Design and Devices. This issue comprises a collection of ten papers including six invited and four contributed papers from well-established research groups and prominent scientists in the field. These papers cover the development, characterization, control, technologies and applications of hybrid devices for photonics.

IJCH – COVID-19 in the Arctic: special issue

ABSTRACT The Circumpolar region, comprising the Arctic territories encircling the North Pole, is home to diverse Indigenous cultures facing unique socio-economic challenges. Indigenous communities such as the Inuit, Sámi, Athabaskan, Gwitchin, and Russian Arctic groups exhibit rich traditions and adaptive practices tied to their environments. Environmental diversity, from icy tundra to boreal forests, influences livelihoods and biodiversity, while significant socio-economic disparities persist, impacting access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities. Against this backdrop, the global COVID-19 pandemic accentuated the intersection of environment, culture, and health in remote Arctic regions, presenting distinct challenges and opportunities. Initiated by a collaborative research project led by Fulbright Arctic Initiative Alumni, this special issue of the International Journal of Circumpolar Health explores the impacts of COVID-19 on Arctic Indigenous and rural communities. Building on previous work and recommendations, the issue features community case studies, highlighting community experiences and collaborative approaches to understand and address the pandemic’s effects. The authors highlight both positive and negative societal outcomes, presenting community-driven models and evidence-based practices to inform pan-Arctic collaboration and decision-making in public health emergencies. Through sharing these insights, the special issue aims to privilege local and Indigenous knowledge systems, elevates community responses to complex and multifaceted challenges, and contributes to the evidence base on global pandemic response.

Computational optical sensing and imaging: introduction to the feature issue

This joint feature issue of Optics Express and Applied Optics showcases technical innovations by participants of the 2023 topical meeting on Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging and the computational imaging community. The articles included in the feature issue highlight advances in imaging science that emphasize synergistic activities in optics, signal processing and machine learning. The issue features 26 contributed articles that cover multiple themes including non line-of-sight imaging, imaging through scattering media, compressed sensing, lensless imaging, ptychography, computational microscopy, spectroscopy and optical metrology.

Introduction: Feminist media production and beyond

This special issue features five articles written by a group of established and emerging researchers, who carefully examined the challenges and opportunities for women's participation in media production across platforms and nations. Overall, the case studies in this special issue extend and broaden current conversations about gendered media-making practices by emphasizing an intersectional, transnational, and critical feminist perspective on identity, subjectivity, embodiment, and labour. Further, these studies highlight both structural barriers that women face in the global media industries as well as emergent resistant and interventionist tactics. Taken together, they demonstrate the value of local, situated analyses and expose the shared patriarchal repressions as well as opportunities of development for feminist media production within a transnational context.

Introduction to the feature issue: Advances in Optical Biosensors for Biomedical Applications

The feature issue of Biomedical Optics Express titled “Advances in Optical Biosensors for Biomedical Applications” presents a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge optical biosensor research. With the growing demand for sensitive, label-free, and real-time detection of biological analytes, optical biosensors have emerged as important devices in a wide range of biomedical applications, including medical diagnostics, bioanalysis, and personalised healthcare. This collection of 26 papers highlights recent advances and innovations in the development, design, and implementation of optical biosensors. The feature issue serves as an opportunity for disseminating ground-breaking findings, promoting new ideas, and inspiring further developments in optical biosensors for medical applications. The authors provide breakthrough technology, innovative approaches, and practical clinical applications that have the potential to revolutionize healthcare and biomedical research.

Introduction

This issue features five contributions in different fields of Slavic and Balkan linguistics within different theoretical frameworks: semantics, morphology, historical linguistics, syntax and pragmatics in several Slavic languages.

Optical versus radiographic imaging and tomography: introduction to the ROADS feature issue

Optical imaging is an ancient branch of imaging dating back to thousands of years. Radiographic imaging and tomography (RadIT), including the first use of X-rays by Wilhelm Röntgen, and then, γ-rays, energetic charged particles, neutrons, etc. are about 130 years young. The synergies between optical and radiographic imaging can be cast in the framework of these building blocks: Physics, Sources, Detectors, Methods, and Data Science, as described in Appl. Opt. 61, RDS1 (2022)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.455628. Optical imaging has expanded to include three-dimensional (3D) tomography (including holography), due in to part the invention of optical (including infrared) lasers. RadIT are intrinsically 3D because of the penetrating power of ionizing radiation. Both optical imaging and tomography (OIT) and RadIT are evolving into even higher dimensional regimes, such as time-resolved tomography (4D) and temporarily and spectroscopically resolved tomography (4D+). Further advances in OIT and RadIT will continue to be driven by desires for higher information yield, higher resolutions, and higher probability models with reduced uncertainties. Synergies in quantum physics, laser-driven sources, low-cost detectors, data-driven methods, automated processing of data, and artificially intelligent data acquisition protocols will be beneficial to both branches of imaging in many applications. These topics, along with an overview of the Radiography, Applied Optics, and Data Science virtual feature issue, are discussed here.

Introduction to the Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery 2023 feature issue

A feature issue is being presented by a team of guest editors containing papers based on studies presented at the Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery conference as part of the Optica Biophotonics Congress in Vancouver, Canada from April 24–27, 2023.

Beyond Order: Random, Aperiodic, and Hyperuniform Photonic Materials: introduction to the special issue

The editors introduce the feature issue on “Beyond Order: Random, Aperiodic, and Hyperuniform Photonic Materials,” which includes nine articles.

KAMAL ABDULLANIN “CASUS” KOMEDİYASINDA TARİXİ QƏHRƏMANLIQ MOTİVLƏRİ KOMEDİYA MÜSTƏVİSİNDƏ

Motives of Historical Heroism on the Comedy Level in Kamal Abdulla's 'A Spy' Comedy Summary Kamal Abdulla's comedy 'A Spy' is examined in the article from the level of historical heroism. In order to explore this issue, the subject and content features of the work were touched upon, and the events in the comedy were reviewed. Moreover, some issues from the saga Kitabi-Dada Gorgud, a masterpiece of epic literature, were mentioned, and both works were analyzed comparatively. As a result, it was determined that the writer clarified the secret moments forming these events, the real reasons not shown in the epic, within the comedy, rather than the main events. In his work, Kamal Abdulla showed that the reason for the death and imprisonment of Oghuz's brave sons was the betrayal of spies within. Kamal Abdulla also encrypted this event under the name 'Spy'. The article also reviewed the history of the development of Gorgud literature; thus, it was determined that the Kitabi-Dada Gorgud epic has become an object of interest in literature, and many literary scholars have been engaged in the study of the epic and have studied if in depth. Key words: dramaturgy, comedy, literature, writer, symbol

On the issue of blood circulation features in the fetoplacental complex in pregnant women with thyroid diseases

Studying the issues of pregnancy management with extragenital diseases is a relevant and important task of modern obstetrics. The issue of the influence of thyroid diseases on the formation and function of the placenta remains not fully studied. Purpose of the study: to study the characteristics of the uteroplacental and fetal placental circulation in pregnant women with certain diseases of the thyroid gland. Material and research methods. 170 pregnant women were under observation. The 1st group (64 people) was formed by patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), the 2nd group (76 people) was formed by patients with diffuse toxic goiter (DTG), the 3rd (control) group was made up of 30 women with normal pregnancy. The study of feto-placental blood circulation was carried out by analyzing blood flow velocity curves (BSV) in the uterine arteries and in the umbilical cord artery. Statistical processing was carried out using the StatSoft program (Russia). The significance of the difference between the compared groups was determined using the Student's t test. Research results. An increase in indices of peripheral vascular resistance of the uterine arteries and a decrease in the systolic-diastolic ratio in the umbilical arteries in pregnant women with thyroid diseases were established, while more pronounced changes were observed in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Ultrasound data indicated the formation of fetoplacental insufficiency during pregnancy in women with thyroid diseases. Conclusion. To predict placental dysfunction and the formation of a risk group for the formation of perinatal complications, it is necessary to take into account the identified sonographic changes that are observed during pregnancy in patients with thyroid diseases.

Clinical Ethics Consultation for Patients Impacted by Incarceration: A Single Center Retrospective Review.

Health care professionals and patients impacted by incarceration face unique medical, legal, and ethical issues. The frequency and nature of ethics consultations for these patients are underexplored. This study aimed to characterize the primary ethical issue and contextual features of ethics consultations involving patients impacted by incarceration. We conducted a qualitative concept content analysis of ethics consultations involving patients impacted by incarceration and calculated descriptive statistics of demographics to compare these patients with the broader population of patients impacted by incarceration at a single institution from January 1, 2015, through June 30, 2022. We identified 37,184 patients impacted by incarceration (people currently or formerly incarcerated or whose surrogate decision-maker is incarcerated) at our institution. Most were White (70%) and non-Hispanic (88%); 51% were male, 49% female. Individuals impacted by incarceration comprised 3% (n = 38) of ethics consults. Most were White (58%), male (79%), and hospitalized (92%). The primary ethical issues were surrogate decision-making (34%) and fiduciary duties (beneficence/nonmaleficence/best interest; 16%). The primary contextual feature was intra-family communication challenges (37%). Incarceration status impacts access to decision-makers and the provision of medically necessary care. Ethics consultation for women and individuals in outpatient and emergency settings could be underutilized. More education about ethics consultation services and coordination with correctional officials is recommended.

Dynamic Light Scattering in Biomedical Applications: feature issue introduction

The feature Issue on “Dynamic Light Scattering in Biomedical Applications” presents a compilation of research breakthroughs and technological advancements that have shaped the field of biophotonics, particularly in the non-invasive exploration of biological tissues. Highlighting the significance of dynamic light scattering (DLS) alongside techniques like laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS), and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), this issue underscores the versatile applications of these methods in capturing the intricate dynamics of microcirculatory blood flow across various tissues. Contributions explore developments in fluorescence tomography, the integration of machine learning for data processing, enhancements in microscopy for cancer detection, and novel approaches in optical biophysics, among others. Innovations featured include a high-resolution speckle contrast tomography system for deep blood flow imaging, a rapid estimation technique for real-time tissue perfusion imaging, and the use of convolutional neural networks for efficient blood flow mapping. Additionally, studies delve into the impact of skin strain on spectral reflectance, the sensitivity of cerebral blood flow measurement techniques, and the potential of photobiomodulation for enhancing brain function. This issue not only showcases the latest theoretical and experimental strides in DLS-based imaging but also anticipates the continued evolution of these modalities for groundbreaking applications in disease detection, diagnosis, and monitoring, marking a pivotal contribution to the field of biomedical optics.

Professional learning for praxis development: reflections

ABSTRACT Praxis development remains invisible in many discussions of professional learning because professional educators take praxis development for granted as an indissoluble part of education and educational work. This special issue provides new insights into professional learning for praxis development, and about the conditions that enable and constrain the development of educational and social practices through professional learning initiatives. In the lead article in this special issue, Salo, Francisco and Olin Almqvist outline key features of professional learning for praxis development, which are extended in the later article by Francisco, Forssten Seiser and Olin Almqvist. Together, these important features are: power and solidarity, trust, recognition, agency, reflection, collaboration, and time. These are key ideas to be kept in mind in research and practice in professional learning, and in the organisation and administration of professional learning initiatives.

Способы аттракции в печатном и цифровом формате журнала «Дилетант»

The article introduces attraction marketing methods employed by Russian monthly popular science magazine Diletant. The authors compared the printed version and the website. The paper magazine attracts the reader mainly by the topic name printed on its cover as a unique creolized text. The further semantics of the front media text includes various aspects of the main topic. Color highlights both topical issue and regular features. The comparative analysis with the online version revealed some significant differences. The website has a muted color scheme and minimal animation; it contains neither video nor audio materials. Like in the printed version, the function of attraction belongs mainly to illustrations and subtitles. Online Diletant is interactive in navigation, tests, and surveys, which are, however, the only form of interactivity: the site does not provide comments, forums, “likes”, etc. Such limited use of attention-seeking tools makes the digital version of Diletant uncompetitive and inferior to its paper issue.