Feasible Solution Research Articles

Experimental study and kinetic analysis of NO emission characteristics in ammonia/coal co-firing process with different ammonia injection methods

Ammonia/coal co-firing in coal-fired power plants is an effective way to achieve CO2 reduction. In this paper, the ammonia/coal co-firing study was carried out in a 45 kW wall-temperature-controlled staged combustion downstream furnace at 1100 °C. Bituminous coal was used as the experimental object to analyze the effects of ammonia injected at the main combustion zone, reduction zone, with the burnout air, and at the burnout zone on NO release characteristics at different ammonia co-firing ratios. To ascertain the significant reaction of NO production in the ammonia/coal co-firing, chemical reaction kinetics calculations were performed. When co-firing ratios of 10∼30%, the NO emission concentration is lower by the ammonia injection position of the main combustion zone which is 275–346 mg/m3. When co-firing ratios reach to 40% and 50%, NO releases are lower by the ammonia injection position of burnout zone which is 511–574 mg/m3. In addition to exhibiting a greater capacity to decrease NO in environments with low oxygen concentrations and high NO concentrations, ammonia can also, under specific circumstances, have a significant capacity to decrease NO in environments with high oxygen concentrations. Based on the experimental results and chemical kinetic calculations, the NO release pattern and mechanism during ammonia-coal co-combustion with different ammonia injection methods under air staged combustion were investigated, which provides a technically feasible solution to reduce CO2 and NOx emissions from coal-fired power plants.

Hybridization in meta-heuristic techniques for green layout design in the tyre manufacturing industry: An optimal analysis

To stop or lessen factory pollution, many academics in the field of study have produced a vast array of strategies to achieve optimization goals. But, it is unable to follow a uniform solution for all production facilities. In this research work, green layout design (GLD) is proposed to minimize total material handling cost (TMHC) and CO2 emissions. The green facility layout refers to the facility layout with minimum CO2 emissions and to eliminate unnecessary energy dissipation from material handling equipments & production machineries, as well as plant re-layout in-term on material handling cost. In this study context, a Lagrangian relaxation model has been used at the allocation level. It computes a suboptimal solution to the dual problem in order to obtain a feasible solution. This enhanced algorithm method iteratively tries to minimize the gap between the dual and feasible solutions on minimal of TMHC and CO2 emission rate. It has been experimentally simulated using the MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) application and upgraded adaptive salp swarm optimization (ASSO), dragon fly optimization (DFO) and Hybrid (combination) of ASSO-DFO evolutionary optimization techniques. The primary focus of this implementation is to control material handling between departments or cells, production flow between departments, energy consumption (electrical and gas consumption for production), and manpower utilization within and across departments. This research has chosen an existing and acceptable designs from targeted tyre manufacturing company in South India. The hybrid ASSO-DFO implementation TMHC differs from ABC by 60%, DFO by 65%, 58% with simulated annealing (SA), and ASSO by 48%. Emission rate decreased by 26% ABC, 21% DFO, and 24% SA & 18% with ASSO. An average of 50% decrease in TMHC and 25% reduction of CO2 emission rate in GLD have been achieved.

Chalcogen effect on the photovoltaic performance of nonfused-ring small molecular electron acceptors for efficient organic solar cells

Fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) are the current working horse for the top performing organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, these FREAs surfer from high synthetic complexity, production costs and poor scalability, hindering their industrialization. Developing nonfused-ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) is a more feasible alternative solution towards future photovoltaic applications. In this work, a series of NFREAs have been designed and synthesized by introducing chalcogen atoms on the side chains for OSCs. The introduced chalcogen atoms (O, S, and Se) not only modulated the energy levels but also finely tuned the intermolecular interactions. Especially, the formed S‧‧‧S and Se‧‧‧Se intermolecular interactions in TTS-4F and TTSe-4F resulted in higher molecular crystallinity than TTO-4F. Unexpectedly, the strong Se‧‧‧Se interactions also led the aggregation of TTSe-4F and formation of large domains in the PM6:TTSe-4F blend. The moderate S‧‧‧S interactions in TTS-4F enabled an optimal phase separation with more ideal nano fibrils distributed in the PM6:TTS-4F blend, facilitating the charge separation and transport. As a result, TTS-4F based devices achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.74%, higher than the TTO-4F (8.76%) and TTSe-4F (11.56%) based devices.

Robust consensus tracking of one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinear multi‐agent systems under structured uncertainty and time‐varying delay

AbstractThis article delves into the intricate matter of achieving robust consensus tracking of multi‐agent systems with structured uncertainty, one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinearity and time‐varying delay. It is important to note that the time delay is both time‐varying and bounded. To solve the consensus tracking problem of multi‐agent systems, we transform it into the stability problem of an error system. Then, a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, incorporating the free‐weighting matrix technique and integral inequality approach, is designed to investigate the stability of the obtained error system. The Leibnitz–Newton formula and its associated relationships among terms are also taken into account. Then, two distributed control strategyies that respectively utilizes relative state and output information of neighboring agents are designed. This approach enables us to find a feasible solution to the consensus tracking problem. Finally, several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.

An asymmetric double-layer poly(ethylene oxide)/inorganic composite electrolyte for stable and dendrite-suppressing all-solid-state Li metal battery

Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolytes are promising in all-solid-state Li metal batteries on account of their distinct merits of cost-effectiveness, good chemical stability against Li metal and facile large-scale membrane fabrication. However, the application of PEO-based electrolytes is mainly hindered by their low ionic conductivity and the risk of short circuit derived from lithium dendrite growth. In this study, we report an asymmetric composite PEO-based solid electrolyte with a bilayer structure, i.e. Li6PS5Cl-PEO-LiTFSI/Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3-PEO-LiTFSI (LPSCl-PEO/LATP-PEO) composite electrolyte, in which the LATP-PEO layer as the main part of electrolyte faces toward the LiFePO4 cathode and the LPSCl-PEO layer contacts with Li metal. The ionic conductivity of LPSCl-PEO/LATP-PEO based on 2 % of LPSCl nanoparticles and containing 15 % of LATP nanoparticles reaches up to 3.37 × 10−4 S cm−1, comparable to that of other modified PEO-base electrolyte. Benefiting from the excellent ionic transport capacity and interfacial stability, the Li/Li batteries based on the optimal LPSCl-PEO/LATP-PEO stably cycles over 2000 h with no short-circuit at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2, which is significantly better than pure PEO and unmodified LATP-PEO single-layer electrolyte. Moreover, Li/LiFePO4 all-solid-state battery with the LPSCl-PEO/LATP-PEO electrolyte has a highest capacity of 156.3 mAh g−1 with a capacity decay rate of 0.0375 % per cycle after 400 cycles at 0.5C, and its coulombic efficiency approaching 100 %. This asymmetric double-layer structure electrolyte prepared by a simple and scalable solution casting method provides a feasible solution for the application in stable and dendrite-suppressing all-solid-state Li metal battery.

Knowledge Economy and Higher Education Institutions: A Review

"The centrality of knowledge has resulted in knowledge economy. Among the several sectors contributing in the development of such economy, education sector has emerged as one of key sectors. Further, the higher education institutions may have huge contributions to such economy. In return, the industry also provides various resources to the universities for effective creation and dissemination of knowledge that can help the industries to create sustainable businesses. The first objective of the study is to understand the relationship between the ‘higher education institutions’ and the ‘knowledge economy.’ Moreover, the academicians being a key stakeholder of the such institution, may be vital role in establishing a strong knowledge economy. Therefore, the study also aims to understand the contributions of academicians in knowledge economy and their knowledge sharing behaviour at the workplace. It has been found that universities may have huge impact on the knowledge economy through various contributions including providing feasible solutions to the socio-economic issues, innovation in the society and the industry, producing human capital for the industries, and positively impacting the GDP per capita of the nation. Further, based on extant literature, the study has identified some key factors that may affect the academicians’ knowledge-sharing behaviour including ‘attitude toward knowledge sharing’,‘subjective norm’, ‘perceived behavioural control’, ‘intention to share knowledge’, ‘motivation to share knowledge’, and ‘organizational climate’ with sub-dimensions ‘organizational culture’, ‘ICT’, ‘innovation’, and ‘affiliation.’"

A self-powered underwater glider using bidirectional swing-rotation hybrid nanogenerator

With the development of marine exploitation, ocean robots pose a great challenge to traditional battery power supply, scavenging green and sustainable energy from the ocean environment to improve duration time and operation range has become a feasible solution. Herein, a self-powered underwater glider using a bidirectional swing-rotation triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (BSR-HNG) has been fabricated to harvest energy from water waves. A mechanical rectification method using a novel gear escapement mechanism is introduced to rectify irregular low-frequency wave excitation into the stable high-frequency rotation, enabling the BSR-HNG to operate stably even at an excitation frequency of 0.1 Hz. Compared to traditional swing-rotation nanogenerators using one-way bearing, the BSR-HNG utilizes symmetrically arranged gear escapement mechanisms to convert bidirectional swing into unidirectional rotation. With the optimized design, the average output power generated in one cycle increases by 48%, and the peak power of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic nanogenerator (EMG) at 0.8 Hz reaches about 0.4 mW and 0.12 W, respectively. Furthermore, a commercial thermometer and a calculator are utilized to demonstrate the high performance of the BSR-HNG in a simulated wave environment. The BSR-HNG is also integrated into the underwater glider as a power source, and a depth-sensor in the underwater glider is successfully powered by BSR-HNG, which provides a new solution to improve the endurance of marine robots.

How does digital inclusive finance affect county's common prosperity: Theoretical and empirical evidence from China

As an emerging industry in the convergence of finance and technology, Digital Inclusive Finance (DIF) has gradually become a fundamental driving factor in increasing Common Prosperity (COPRO). However, the potential influence of DIF on COPRO across counties has yet to be clarified. As a result, we explore the impact, heterogeneous characteristics, and pathways of DIF on COPRO using Chinese county-level panel data from 2014 to 2021. The key findings of this paper are as follows: (1) The COPRO in China's counties has shown a steady upward trend, but there are significant differences in regional development levels. (2) DIF can significantly boost the counties' COPRO, and the above conclusion still holds after multiple robustness tests. (3) The coverage and digitalization of DIF contribute more to COPRO than usage. Furthermore, DIF can contribute to COPRO in central and western, highly urbanized, and internet-enabled counties. (4) DIF can encourage COPRO by easing financial constraints and promoting enterprise cultivation. Drawing from the findings above, this paper offers feasible financial solutions and paths for China and developing countries to promote COPRO.

Separable programming problem with bipolar max-T fuzzy relation equation constraints

One of the most important classes of nonlinear programming problems is separable programming problem due to its applications in theory and practice. This paper studies this class of the problems subject to a system of bipolar fuzzy relation equations using the max-T composition operator, where T is a continuous and Archimedean t-norm. Its feasible solution set structure is determined by two vectors called lower and upper bound vector of its feasible domain. It is shown that there exists an optimal solution for the problem with max-continuous and Archimedean t-norm such that its components are the corresponding components of either the lower or upper bound vector. Based on the interesting property, some sufficient conditions are proposed to detect some of its optimal components or one of its optimal solutions. These conditions can reduce the dimensions of the original problem when some its optimal components are determined. The objective function of the reduced problem is equivalently rewritten in a specific form. This form guides us to design a value matrix based on the characteristic matrix and ascending or descending of univariate functions constituting the objective function. An approach is extended on the matrix to find the optimal solution of the (reduced) problem. It is important to note that a number of problems can completely be solved using the sufficient conditions.

Student Suicide Prevention in India: Moving Towards a Feasible Solution

Student Suicide Prevention in India: Moving Towards a Feasible Solution

Design and Experiment of Automatic Transport System for Planting Plate in Plant Factory

In the plant factories using stereoscopic cultivation systems, the cultivation plate transport equipment is an essential component of production. However, there are problems, such as high labor intensity, low levels of automation, and poor versatility of existing solutions, that can affect the efficiency of cultivation plate transport processes. To address these issues, this study designed a cultivation plate transport system that can automatically input and output cultivation plates, and can flexibly adjust its structure to accommodate different cultivation frame heights. We elucidated the working principles of the transport system and carried out structural design and parameter calculation for the lift cart, input actuator, and output actuator. In the input process, we used dynamic simulation technology to obtain an optimum propulsion speed of 0.3 m·s−1. In the output process, we used finite element numerical simulation technology to verify that the deformation of the cultivation plate and the maximum stress suffered by it could meet the operational requirements. Finally, operation and performance experiments showed that, under the condition of satisfying the allowable amount of positioning error in the horizontal and vertical directions, the horizontal operation speed was 0.2 m·s−1, the maximum positioning error was 2.87 mm, the vertical operation speed was 0.3 m·s−1, and the maximum positioning error was 1.34 mm. Accordingly, the success rate of the transport system was 92.5–96.0%, and the operational efficiency was 176–317 plates/h. These results proved that the transport system could meet the operational requirements and provide feasible solutions for the automation of plant factory transport equipment.

Dielectric‐Based Metamaterials for Near‐Perfect Light Absorption

AbstractThe emergence of metamaterials and their continued prosperity have built a powerful working platform for accurately manipulating the behavior of electromagnetic waves, providing sufficient possibility for the realization of metamaterial absorbers with outstanding performance. However, metamaterial absorbers composed of metallic materials typically possess many unfavorable factors, such as non‐adjustable absorption, easy oxidation, low‐melting, and expensive preparation costs. The selection of dielectric materials provides excellent alternatives due to their remarkable properties, thus dielectric‐based metamaterial absorbers (DBMAs) have attracted much attention. To promote breakthroughs in DBMAs and guide their future development, this work systematically and deeply reviews the recent research progress of DBMAs from four different but progressive aspects, including physical principles; classifications, material selections and tunable properties; preparation technologies; and functional applications. Five different types of theories and related physical mechanisms, such as Mie resonance, guided‐mode resonance, and Anapole resonance, are briefly outlined to explain DBMAs having near‐perfect absorption performance. Mainstream material selections, structure designs, and different types of tunable DBMAs are highlighted. Several widely utilized preparation methods for customizing DBMAs are given. Various practical applications of DBMAs in sensing, stealth technology, solar energy absorption, and electromagnetic interference suppression are reviewed. Finally, some key challenges and feasible solutions for DBMAs’ future development are provided.

An Apple Detection and Localization Method for Automated Harvesting under Adverse Light Conditions

The use of automation technology in agriculture has become particularly important as global agriculture is challenged by labor shortages and efficiency gains. The automated process for harvesting apples, an important agricultural product, relies on efficient and accurate detection and localization technology to ensure the quality and quantity of production. Adverse lighting conditions can significantly reduce the accuracy of fruit detection and localization in automated apple harvesting. Based on deep-learning techniques, this study aims to develop an accurate fruit detection and localization method under adverse light conditions. This paper explores the LE-YOLO model for accurate and robust apple detection and localization. The traditional YOLOv5 network was enhanced by adding an image enhancement module and an attention mechanism. Additionally, the loss function was improved to enhance detection performance. Secondly, the enhanced network was integrated with a binocular camera to achieve precise apple localization even under adverse lighting conditions. This was accomplished by calculating the 3D coordinates of feature points using the binocular localization principle. Finally, detection and localization experiments were conducted on the established dataset of apples under adverse lighting conditions. The experimental results indicate that LE-YOLO achieves higher accuracy in detection and localization compared to other target detection models. This demonstrates that LE-YOLO is more competitive in apple detection and localization under adverse light conditions. Compared to traditional manual and general automated harvesting, our method enables automated work under various adverse light conditions, significantly improving harvesting efficiency, reducing labor costs, and providing a feasible solution for automation in the field of apple harvesting.

Optimization of vehicle charging and dynamic relocation in free-floating electric carsharing systems with advanced reservations

The electric free-floating carsharing (FFCS) system is an emerging type of shared mobility and is widely adopted in urban areas due to its eco-friendliness, effectiveness, and flexibility. However, as most trips in FFCS are uni-directional, the distributions of vehicles in FFCS are usually spatially uneven. The operators of FFCS must relocate cars during the operation period to maintain the availability of cars to the users and improve the profitability of the system for dealing with imbalanced vehicle distribution caused by uneven demand. To optimize the relocation operations for FFCS operators, this study formulates the problem as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model, which simultaneously addresses dynamic relocation, battery charging of electric vehicles, and scheduling of relocation staff in an FFCS with advanced reservation. A novel, efficient algorithm using a new structure of relocation tuples (RTs) is proposed to solve the problem that facilitates the search for feasible solutions using an RT exchange-based local search algorithm. Acceleration techniques are introduced to strengthen the solution search in large-scale scenarios. Numerical examples are used to evaluate the performance of the solution algorithm and validate the benefit of the proposed methodology. This shows that the methodology could be used by operators for decision-making at different levels.

Mitigating interfacial stresses in strip-bonded beams by appending end-anchored unbonded segments

Bonding strips is widely used for the strengthening of structures. This paper addresses the challenge of stress concentration in the strip-strengthened beams, where interfacial stresses at the end of the strip are usually large enough to causes premature brittle debonding failure. Lengthening bonded strips and thickening adhesive layer are effective solutions to decrease the stresses but sometimes difficult to implement. For example, obstacles under the beam may stop the strip from being lengthened with bonding. This paper proposes a feasible solution for this case that is extending the strip without bonding and then fixing it with additional anchors at the end. Analytical expressions are derived for interfacial stresses in strip-bonded beams with the end-anchored unbonded segment (EAUS). The deformation coordination relationship between EAUS and the beam is considered. The anchor bolts are analogous to elastic foundation beams to obtain their shear stiffness which will greatly influence the tension at the strip end. The theoretical results are then verified by finite element simulations. Moreover, parameter studies are performed to explore the effects of various strengthening configurations such as the length of the bonded and unbonded segments on interfacial stresses. The investigations show that the presence of the EAUS could substantially alleviate the concentration of interfacial stresses. The findings of this study provide a new approach on how to control stress concentration in the strip-strengthened beams.

Demand-side response power control strategy considering load production sequence requirements

With the introduction of a high proportion of new energy sources, the power system needs new means to enhance its regulating flexibility. High-energy-consuming industrial loads on the demand side have significant potential to improve the grid’s regulating flexibility. Unplanned power adjustments can affect normal load production. This paper proposes a power control strategy that considers the normal production order of loads, aiming to balance load response capacity requirements and safe production order. Taking copper electrolysis load as an example, based on the load process flow and the power characteristics of production equipment, factors affecting load production order and methods for calculating impact weights are analyzed, and a strategy to reduce the demand response to production order caused by power control is proposed. The effectiveness of the power control strategy is verified through simulation examples, providing a feasible solution for industrial loads to participate in demand-side response.

DEVELOPING HUMAN RESOURCES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF VIETNAM FACING THE CHALLENGES OF THE 4.0 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Developing human resources for ethnic minorities is essential to successfully carry out socio-economic development tasks for mountainous and ethnic minority areas. The development of modern technologies in the fourth industrial revolution has fragmented the labor market with increasing demands for the quality of the workforce if they need to be better equipped to acquire new skills - creative skills. Training human resources to meet the requirements of the 4.0 industrial revolution has become an urgent issue that many countries worldwide are concerned about, including the human resources of ethnic minorities. Therefore, developing human resources for ethnic minorities in mountainous areas of Vietnam is an urgent issue that requires feasible strategies and solutions to meet the requirements and challenges of the revolution industry 4.0.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/lit/0756/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Structural engineering of MoSe2 via interfacial effect and phosphorus doping incorporation for high energy density sodium ion storage

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are gaining increasing attention for the development of electrode materials due to their potential to alleviate the safety concerns and resource scarcity associated with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Based on this, the present work, built upon the electrospinning preparation of hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNFs), facilitated the in-situ growth of MoSe2 nanosheets on their surface. Subsequently, an in-situ phosphorization treatment was applied, resulting in phosphorus-doped MoSe2 (P-MoSe2)@HCNFs. The dual-channel inner layer of HCNFs in this structure promotes ion transport and directly interfaces with MoSe2, leading to abundant interfacial effects. The outer layer of MoSe2 serves as the primary redox-active unit for sodium ions, retaining numerous active sites. P doping further optimizes the overall electronic structure of the material. P-MoSe2@HCNFs serves as the anode material in SIBs, demonstrating exceptional reversible specific capacity and rate capabilities. It achieves a remarkable 479.17 mAh g−1 over 500 cycles at 1 A g−1 and 397.01 mAh g−1 over 950 cycles at 10 A g−1, showcasing its outstanding performance. These values significantly surpass those of MoSe2@HCNFs and pure MoSe2, validating the pronounced advantages of the structure we have constructed. Leveraging the outstanding kinetic performance of P-MoSe2@HCNFs, when assembled with Na3V2(PO4)3 as the cathode, the full cell exhibits remarkable sodium storage capability. It achieves a high energy density of up to 194.75 Wh kg−1, providing a feasible solution for the application of transition metal selenides in sodium-ion battery systems.

Study on dynamic characteristics of acceleration process of spherical hybrid sliding bearings rotor system

Purpose The transient loads on the spherical hybrid sliding bearings (SHSBs) rotor system during the process of accelerating to stable speed are related to time, which exhibits a complex transient response of the rotor dynamics. The current study of the shaft center trajectory of the SHSBs rotor system is based on the assumption that the rotational speed is constant, which cannot truly reflect the trajectory of the rotor during operation. The purpose of this paper truly reflects the trajectory of the rotor and further investigates the stability of the rotor system during acceleration of SHSBs. Design/methodology/approach The model for accelerated rotor dynamics of SHSBs is established. The model is efficiently solved based on the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method and then to obtain the shaft center trajectory of the rotor during acceleration. Findings Results show that the bearing should choose larger angular acceleration in the acceleration process from startup to the working speed; rotor system is more stable. With the target rotational speed increasing, the changes in the shaft trajectory of the acceleration process are becoming more complex, resulting in more time required for the bearing stability. When considering the stability of the rotor system during acceleration, the rotor equations of motion provide a feasible solution for the simulation of bearing rotor system. Originality/value The study can simulate the running stability of the shaft system from startup to the working speed in this process, which provides theoretical guidance for the stability of the rotor system of the SHSBs in the acceleration process.

Study on the constraint handling method for high-dimensional optimization of cascade reservoirs

Multicomplex constraints often need to be considered in the optimal operation of cascade reservoirs with high-dimensional decision variables, making it difficult for traditional optimization methods and modern intelligent algorithms to solve such problems. Therefore, this study proposes a constraint handling method combining a penalty function nested DPSA-POA and an intelligent algorithm, to determine the optimal flood control operation of cascade reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Ganjiang River, a problem with decision variables of up to 2196 dimensions. The results indicate that the constraint handling method proposed in this paper can solve high-dimensional optimization problems in three modes: continuous nesting (Mode 1), optimization with intelligence after obtaining a feasible solution (Mode 2), and optimization with the DPSA-POA after obtaining a feasible solution (Mode 3). Of the three modes, Mode 2 has the highest accuracy, but its calculation time is approximately 10 h. Although the accuracy of Mode 3 is slightly worse, can only achieve 98%–99% of Mode 2, its calculation time is only approximately 1–3 h. The comprehensive performance of Mode 1 is poor, the convergence accuracy can only reach 97% of Mode 2, which corresponds to a calculation time of approximately 4–6 h. The existing superiority of feasibility (SF), stochastic ranking (SR), penalty function (PF), ε-constraint (EC) and adaptive ε-constraint (Adaptive EC) methods cannot converge to a feasible solution stably, and the accuracy of the results of these methods under the condition of obtaining a feasible solution is significantly lower than that of Mode 2 and Mode 3, reaching only 95%.