Feasibility Of Wastewater Reuse Research Articles

Physico-Chemical and Heavy Metal Valences Reduction of Wastewater from The Beverage Industry by Fungi (Penicillium Sp)

This work aimed to characterize beverage wastewater generated in the beverage industry and to assess wastewater treatment plant performance by fungi (Penicillium sp.) and the feasibility of wastewater reuse. Freshly discharged beverage wastewater was collected and analyzed for the physicochemical parameters such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Nitrate, Phosphate, Magnesium, Calcium, Iron, Copper, and Zinc by standard methods. At a 7-day interval, 190ml of the sterilized local dye wastewater was inoculated with Penicillium sp. for two weeks, and the physicochemical parameters were determined. The results observed for raw, bio-treated and removal efficiency showed: BOD (280 mg-1, 255 mg-1 , 108 mg-1 and 19.64 %, 61.43 %); COD (540 mg-1, 420 mg-1, 285 mg-1 and 43.75%, 88.13%); Nitrate (130 mg-1, 90 mg-1, 25 mg-1 and 30.77%, 80.77%); Phosphate (48 mg-1, 25 mg-1, 5 mg-1 and 30.91%, 78.18%); Calcium (55 mg-1, 38 mg-1, 12 mg-1 and 30.91%, 78.18%); Iron (29 mg-1, 18 mg-1, 07 mg-1 and 37.93 %, 75.86 %); Copper (0.09 mg-1, 0.07 mg-1, 0.02 mg-1 and 22.22 %, 77.78 %); Zinc (0.08, 0.06, 0.03 mg-1 and 22.5%). Fungi (Penicillium sp.) demonstrated the ability to remove pollutants and other wastes from beverage wastewater. These results indicate that some companies employing treatment methods for their effluents do not remove the parameters and heavy metals.

Bioremediation of Waste Water from Pharmaceutical Industry by Bacteria (Bacillus subtilis)

This work aimed to characterize pharmaceutical waste generated in Sam Ace Pharmaceutical in Ede, Osun-state, and assess wastewater treatment plant performance by bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and the feasibility of wastewater reuse. Freshly discharged pharmaceutical wastewater was collected and analyzed for the physicochemical parameters such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Nitrate, Phosphate, Magnesium, Calcium, Zinc, and Copper by standard methods. 190ml of the sterilized FPWWS was inoculated with pharmaceutical wastewater for two weeks and determined the physicochemical parameters at a 7-day interval. The results observed for raw, bio-treated and removal efficiency showed: BOD(200 mg-1, 90 mg-1 , 45 mg-1 and 55%, 75.5%), COD(395 mg-1, 330 mg-1, 150 mg-1 and 16.46 %, 62.03%), TDS(11200 mg-1, 250 mg-1, 130 mg-1 and 79.17%, 89.17%), Nitrate (165 mg-1, 88 mg-1, 43 mg-1 and 46.67%, 73.94%) phosphate (31 mg-1, 18 mg-1, 6 mg-1, and 41.94%, 80.65%), magnesium (75 mg-1, 55 mg-1, 17 mg-1, and 22.67%, 77.33%), calcium (80 mg-1, 57 mg-1, 25 mg-1, and 28.75%, 68.75%), zinc (0.05 mg-1, 0.03 mg-1, 0.001 mg-1, and 40%, 98.6%), copper (0.06, 0.02, 0.001) Bacteria (Bacillus sp.) showed a potential removal of pollutants and other wastes from the fish pond wastewater.

Characterization and evaluation of treatability of wastewater generated in Khuzestan livestock slaughterhouses and assessing of their wastewater treatment systems

<div> <p>Slaughterhouse wastewaters are characterized by a high organic content, mainly composed of proteins and fats. Therefore, these wastewaters should be treated efficiently prior to discharge into receiving bodies to avoid severe environmental pollution. This work aimed to characterize slaughterhouse wastewater generated in one province of Iran (Khuzestan), evaluating various suitability of biological treatment, assessing wastewater treatment plants performance and feasibility of wastewater reuse. Composite samples were collected from input and output of wastewater treatment plant during 6 months (spring and summer) and were analyzed for TSS, turbidity, temperature, conductivity, pH, COD, BOD<sub>5</sub>, fat, total coliform and fecal coliform. Data analysis was done using Excel and SPSS software. The results showed that different quantities of wastewater were generated in any slaughterhouses of Ahvaz (120-600 l/d.sheep), Dezful (110-550 l/d.sheep), and Shushtar (139-694 l/d.sheep). Khuzestan slaughterhouses wastewater is classified by pollution severity as strong wastewater. The BOD<sub>5</sub>/COD ranges from 0.3 to 0.5, which indicates applicability of biological treatment. Wastewater treatment plant of Ahvaz with anaerobic stabilization ponds and extended aeration activated sludge process has the highest removal efficiencies of pollutants. The result also indicated reuse of slaughterhouses effluent was not acceptable due to not comply with the standards of Iran. Finally, if safe use or disposal of these effluents is desired, blood capture from raw wastewater for reducing the amounts of organic loading must be implemented. Also, use of an appropriate treatment plant is noted.</p> </div> <p> </p>

Feasibility of Wastewater Reuse in Southern New Jersey

Feasibility of Wastewater Reuse in Southern New Jersey

The Carini Experimental Station for Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture – Preliminary Indications

A two year experiment, to study the feasibility of wastewater reuse for a safe irrigation in the Sicilian context, has been initiated. Eight plots in two fields, totalling 629 m2, were planted with cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), the irrigation water being supplied by a pilot plant treating 22 m3/day of municipal wastewater. The plant consists of an extended aeration biological system followed by rapid sand filtration and a choice of disinfection systems. Analyses performed on all waters used in the experiment indicate that safe irrigation water, virtually pathogen-free, can be produced if careful operational techniques are adopted. Despite all possible care, however, soil samples taken throughout the growing season revealed cross-contamination problems, even in the plots irrigated with city water. Analyses were also performed on plants and beans collected over 17 successive harvests.