Feasibility Of Project Research Articles

Recent advances and challenges in gas injection techniques for enhanced oil recovery

Gas injection techniques have emerged as a pivotal method in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), aimed at maximizing the extraction of oil from mature reservoirs. Recent advances in this domain have significantly improved the efficiency and effectiveness of gas injection methods, contributing to increased recovery rates and extended reservoir lifespans. This reviews the latest technological innovations and persistent challenges associated with gas injection techniques in EOR. One of the primary advancements in gas injection is the development of more sophisticated gas compositions, including the use of CO₂, nitrogen, and hydrocarbon gases. These gases have been optimized to improve miscibility with crude oil, thereby enhancing displacement efficiency and increasing oil recovery. Moreover, advancements in monitoring and modeling technologies, such as real-time reservoir simulation and 4D seismic monitoring, have enabled more precise control and assessment of gas injection processes, ensuring optimal gas utilization and minimizing environmental impact. Innovations in smart well technologies and downhole monitoring systems have further enhanced the ability to manage and optimize gas injection operations. These technologies provide continuous data on reservoir conditions, enabling dynamic adjustment of injection parameters to maximize recovery. Additionally, the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence in EOR processes has facilitated predictive analytics, improving decision-making and operational efficiency. Despite these advancements, several challenges persist. The primary challenge lies in the high operational costs and economic feasibility of gas injection projects, particularly in volatile oil markets. Ensuring the long-term stability and effectiveness of injected gases in heterogeneous reservoirs also presents significant technical hurdles. Moreover, environmental concerns related to the use of CO₂ and other gases necessitate the development of more sustainable and eco-friendly injection methods. Addressing these challenges requires ongoing research and development, as well as collaboration between industry stakeholders, to refine gas injection techniques and mitigate associated risks. The future of gas injection in EOR looks promising, with continued innovation poised to overcome existing barriers and drive more efficient and sustainable oil recovery methods. In conclusion, while recent advances in gas injection techniques for EOR have demonstrated considerable potential, overcoming the economic, technical, and environmental challenges remains crucial for the widespread adoption and success of these methods.

Does Monetary Policy Influence Non-performing Loans of Listed Commercial Banks in Kenya?

The Kenya banking sector plays a crucial role in Kenya’s economy despite the prevailing macroeconomic headwinds in the Country. The Banking Sector Industry Report of 2023 indicated that the banking sector contributed to 66% of gross domestic product as of December 2022. The high levels of non-performing loans remain a concern in the Kenya banking sector. The study sought to assess the influence of monetary policy on non-performing loans in the banking sector in Kenya. The target population is all listed commercial banks in Kenya. Using monthly secondary data from November 2019 to September 2023 obtained from the Central Bank of Kenya, the study utilized a multiple regression model to estimate the influence of monetary policy on the percentage growth of nonperforming loans of listed commercial banks in Kenya. Findings pointed out that Repo rates and Treasury bill rates do not influence non-performing loans of listed commercial banks in Kenya as measured by the gross non-performing loans ratio as exhibited by the P-values of 0.327866 and 0.577173 respectively, which is greater than 0.05. The results also implied that the central bank rate and interbank rates do influence non-performing loans of listed commercial banks in Kenya as measured by the gross non-performing loans ratio as illustrated by the P-values of 0.028844 and 0.00018 respectively, which is less than 0.05. According to the findings, the study recommends that policymakers should prioritize creating a strong financial ecosystem so that monetary policy can be utilized to regulate commercial bank interest rates. This will, in effect, serve to decrease the expansion of non-performing loans, reduce risk and entice competitors into the financial sector, enhance the capital base, increase lending to promote feasible projects, and, as a result, stimulate the country's growth.

Feasibility Analysis for Economic Flyover in Bojonegoro District

The traffic jam that occurred in the city of Bojonegoro on the Rajekwesi – MT road section. Haryono, the leading cause of problems in the area, is at intersections and meetings with railroad tracks. Building a flyover is one solution to congestion that occurs at railroad crossings. An economic feasibility study must be carried out to assess the characteristics of a development project. This study aims to determine how much profit and costs are obtained and the extent of its economic feasibility. The project that will be examined in this study is the construction of a flyover in Bojonegoro district. Then, the feasibility of the Flyover construction project is based on the calculation of Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results of this economic feasibility analysis There are three alternative route selection that are associated with economic feasibility where the first alternative with NPV: 2,121,743,718,000, BCR: 12.7499 and IRR: 57 then the second alternative with NPV value: 1,733,795,057,000, BCR: 10.3771, IRR: 50% and the third alternative with an NPV value: 1,395,424,941,000, BCR: 6,978 and IRR: 37%. Based on the economic feasibility analysis using process hierarchy analysis, the first alternative was chosen with a score of 0.571. With the construction of the flyover, it is hoped that it can break up the flow of traffic on the Bojonegoro - Cepu - Nganjuk section to encourage economic growth, trade, and regional development in the Bojonegoro district.

Assessment of Socio-Economic Benefits from the Construction of Bypasses of Transport Infrastructure

The aim of the study is to analyse the feasibility of the second phase of the construction of the Rožaje (Montenegro) bypass project. The objectives of the construction of this bypass are to eliminate or reduce existing problems by redirecting transit flows to the bypass. Based on the observed economic costs of construction and the expected economic benefits from the project in a 20-year period, by applying Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), the indicators of the project economic feasibility were determined. As part of the socio-economic analysis of the project feasibility, the expected benefits for transport users (savings in travel time and savings in the vehicle exploitation costs), as well as external impacts (impacts on safety and impacts on the environment) were assessed. The analysis showed the dominant savings are in travel time and vehicle exploitation costs. The economic net present value (ENPV) of this project is positive and amounts to EUR 55 054 502, the economic internal rate of return (EIRR) is 26.88% (with a discount rate of 5%), while the benefit-cost ratio (B/CR) is 4.96. All scenarios developed within the Project Sensitivity Analysis have confirmed that this project has satisfactory economic justification.

CO2-brine interface evolution and corresponding overpressure in high-gravity CO2 storage complex

Technical and economic feasibility of large-scale CO2 geological storage projects (GCS) requires storing the maximum possible amounts of CO2 within a given pore space. However, one limitation is attributed to the overpressure that accompanies CO2 injection. Specifically, reliable estimation of the bottom-hole pressure during CO2 injection is essential to optimize the storage potential of the formation while ensuring the integrity of the rock. Several studies presented analytical/semi-analytical solutions to predict the overpressure accompanying CO2 injection. Nevertheless, they neglect the effects of gravity override on the temporal evolution of the plume and/or the bottom-hole pressure. Effects of gravity can be quantified by the dimensionless group “gravity number” which measures the relative importance of the gravitational-to-viscous forces within system. A lower gravity number expresses a more uniform/cylindrical displacement of CO2. Conversely, biasness of CO2 flow towards the top of the injection zone translates to a larger gravity number. The main objective of this work is to develop an analytical model able to predict the bottom-hole pressure during CO2 injection through a vertical well centered in the middle of a high-gravity thick saline aquifer. While accounting for the effects of gravity, the proposed solution will be developed assuming vertical equilibrium of pressure with a sharp interface separating the injected CO2 and the in-situ brine. First, we develop a closed-form analytical solution to estimate the evolution of CO2/brine interface considering strong gravity effects. The closed-form solution is based on extending the semi-analytical and/or the iterative expressions previously derived in the literature to predict the evolution of the plume during the injection period. Then, the interface model will be coupled with the assumption of the vertical equilibrium to obtain an analytical solution for the pressure field during injection. Next, the proposed solution for the evolution of pressure will be validated against numerical simulations for cases covering wide and practical ranges of gravity numbers and mobility ratios. The solution will be also validated against real field data to determine its robustness. Predictions of the overpressure from our analytical solution indicate a reasonable agreement with the simulations performed using a more complicated multi-phase flow simulator.

An advanced geospatial assessment of the Levelised cost of energy (LCOE) for wave farms in Irish and western UK waters

With the climate crisis becoming an ever-growing concern, Europe is striving to reduce its energy related greenhouse gas emissions. On the western edge of this continent, wave energy is a logical future clean energy consideration for Ireland and the U.K. to help realise ambitious targets recently being set in policy. Yet to reach commercialisation, there is still much uncertainty surrounding the financial feasibility of wave farms in the region of interest, and where exactly the most feasible locations are likely to be. The Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) is the most commonly used metric in determining the financial feasibility of an energy project, and it is very much site dependant when it comes to wave energy, varying considerably from one location to the next. This study uses the geographic approach to address this and estimate the LCOE of wave energy farms in the region, considering different technology types and the geospatially variable inputs at play. The results reveal areas of high project feasibility in the Atlantic Ocean (off the west coast of Ireland), the Celtic Sea and the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland (ISWCS), with LCOE values below 110€/MWh along the coasts of these areas.

Technical Evaluation and Financial Analysis of a Retrofitting Investment Project for Production Machinery in a Cement Plant

In today's rapidly evolving industrial landscape, businesses are increasingly challenged to strike a balance between enhancing productivity and maintaining product quality. Company X, a renowned cement manufacturer in Indonesia, relies heavily on four key raw materials, among which clay is particularly crucial for the raw mix. Recent trends have shown a decrease in the Al2O3 composition of clay, necessitating adjustments in clay capacity to uphold quality standards. A thorough technical evaluation of the plant highlighted that a significant number of critical machines, totaling 17, were operating with mechanical availability below the desired threshold. Additionally, a utility analysis pinpointed a shortfall in meeting the required clay tonnage, leading to the identification of machines that would benefit from retrofitting. The financial implications of this initiative were substantial, with the initial investment for the upgrades and subsequent operational costs in the first year being considerable. Yet, this expenditure was offset by a notable profit in the first year post-retrofitting. Key financial metrics further underscored the project's viability: a highly favorable Net Present Value (NPV), an impressive Internal Rate of Return (IRR), a rapid Payback Period (PP), and a significant Profitability Index (PI). These parameters, derived from an exhaustive analysis, clearly support the strategic decision to invest in retrofitting the production machinery at Company X's cement plant, illustrating the project's feasibility and the prospective benefits of this investment.

Investment Ability as a Source of the Company’s Competitive Advantage Based on Human and Financial Resources-Theoretical Outline

In this paper, which is based on extensive research, the author provides a theoretical outline of the investment ability of companies. He understands investment ability as a type of knowledge that is necessary before the investment itself and also for its implementation. Investment ability is the ability of companies to correctly assess the feasibility and profitability of an investment project, and to define its detailed specifications, the required technology and the most favorable sources of financing, both internal and external. The purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the field of studying the relationship between resources and investment ability. The author defines investment ability as a relatively new theoretical construct, from the point of view of resource-based theory. The aforementioned theory focuses on the company’s resources and dynamic capabilities and thus offers a suitable theoretical basis for determining how internal factors, which are also observed in the field of the company’s investment activity and which in a way help define its investment ability, represent a source of competitive advantage. In addition to the theoretical definition of a company’s investment ability, the aim of the author’s contribution is to investigate whether it is possible and feasible in practice to develop and/or adapt an instrument for measuring investment ability. Based on a thorough study of human and financial resources as key to defining investment ability, the author identifies a potential set of variables or indicators that can be used to assess and measure the investment ability of companies. The author included these measurement variables in the conceptual model of investment ability, which he developed and tested on the example of Slovenian companies.

Africa’s Railway Renaissance: Continental Aspirations vs. National Realities

As per the African Union’s 2016 prescription, most new rail projects in Africa are greenfield standard gauge railways (SGR) that cost billions of dollars, which, if successfully implemented and well run, can offer better services than road transport. However, to be viable, SGR investments must have adequate freight traffic, provide reliable services, and charge much lower tariffs than the trucking industry. This means that SGRs will very likely have to be subsidized, which most African governments cannot afford to do. Based on the rail economics for SGRs, this article argues that it would be more feasible for most African countries to invest in upgrading and expanding brownfield rail infrastructure in the short-to-medium term. Using Kenya’s Nairobi-Naivasha SGR as a case study, this article contextualizes and critically analyzes the greenfield vs. brownfield rail infrastructure debate that underpins Africa’s railway renaissance and demonstrates that SGR investments may not necessarily be the most feasible rail projects for developing African economies.

Gender and the Multilateral Development Banks: From WID to GAD to Retroliberal WID

Multilateral development bank (MDB) engagement with ‘gender’ is controversial in review and uneven in practice. The authors analyse 1,928 gender-focused projects financed by the World Bank and regional development banks between 1967 and 2021. We propose three eras into which MDB gender engagement divides and argues that isomorphic pressures have aligned their approaches. The article concludes that gender is not an investment priority and projects have conceptually narrowed over time to focus on private entrepreneurship at the expense of addressing systemic gendered inequalities. This is significant for what the MDB finance signals to investors the feasibility of development projects.

ГУМОР У ЧАСИ ВІЙНИ: КОНТЕКСТУАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

<p><strong><em>Article’s purpose</em></strong><em> is to comprehend the feasibility of comedy projects in times of war, the Russian-Ukrainian war in particular, and to determine their feasibility.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> Include the analysis scientific-sources base on a select question, monitoring, synthesis. To identify the peculiarities of the practical functioning of foreign humour projects, we watched the relevant episodes on the online hosting platform Youtube.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> When war breaks out on the territory of any country, the military and other relevant structures have certain training, including mental training, which allows them to concentrate on fulfilling tasks and creating plans. The same cannot be said about citizens and society who are in shelters, in their homes or just on the street and receive a significant amount of stress and negative emotions.</em></p><p><em>So what can help improve a person’s morale, what actions can distract them and help them to tune in to a positive mood? Some people prefer to walk when it is calm, while others like to eat, socialize, spend active time with family and friends. Regardless of which option you choose, it is almost impossible to go through such a period without a certain «dose» of positive emotions, which is produced by humor.</em></p><p><em>In the article, we analyse that at the initial stage of the full-scale war, Ukrainian comedians and stand-ups sought to find a conjunctural moment to return to the audience and try to help the recipient find solace.</em></p><p><em>If we talk about humour as a mass, commonly consumed product, then in this case, the focus of our research was on foreign programs of the Late Night Show format, which are traditional and popular among Western television audiences. They are broadcasted quite regularly and are in demand among a discerning audience. Each episode of the respective show is filled with original content delivered by a professional TV presenter. In such programs, jokes and laughter are quite common. But when it comes to how such programs discussed the full-scale invasion, it is worth noting that the hosts even addressed the guests in the studio (who produce lively laughter), warning against sarcasm and ridicule towards the heroic Ukrainian people, military and other professionals who bravely resisted the invaders in the first weeks of the armed conflict.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> The article analyzes the specifics of the functioning of humorous programs (including foreign ones) in the early days of the aggressor’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.</em></p><p><strong><em>The practical significance.</em></strong><em> The research results can be used during the further study of journalists in the hard period of the war. </em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> war, humor, psychology, presenter, audience.</em></p>

Technology Focus: Reserves Management (December 2023)

Time and time again, I meet industry specialists who should have a detailed knowledge of the Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS) and handling uncertainty in the inputs for resource assessment or to the rest of the evaluation work flow. Often, however, the understanding of PRMS basics, application, or reporting seems to be lacking. This year’s Reserves Management papers are chosen to revisit some basics around both reserves delineation and asset management. Paper SPE 210358 reminds evaluators to use multiple approaches (triangulation?) in the presence of uncertainty to derive the best estimates for Proved Reserves, but this should apply equally to all resource assessment. It also stresses the requirement, sometimes overlooked, to ensure that the approach/technology is proven and calibrated to work in the exact situation, both subsurface and surface. Uncertainty is inherent in our business, though difficult to communicate, and we should do all we can to incorporate it correctly. Also looking at the effect of uncertainty, paper SPE 213385 focuses on Monte Carlo simulation for commercialization around well performance in unconventional settings, but its application can be to any technical or commercial uncertainty. Too many people overly focus on precision (the decimal places in the answer) but lose focus on accuracy or usefulness of the work. Uncertainty can lead to errors in the first, and certainly the second, significant figure, thus invalidating all the misleading precision. Analysis should model the parameters to include the true state of knowledge. It seems ever more difficult to avoid discussions of carbon capture and storage (CCS), a major challenge facing the industry, especially when trying to monetize massive high-CO2 fields. Paper SPE 214359 discusses how the Malaysian authorities and Petronas seek to manage and incentivize CCS in their domain and achieve socially desirable goals with improved efficiency—specifically, centralizing the disposal of CO2 through an organization taking the separated gas from the producers. It creates efficiencies through scale and targeted regulatory incentives that do not need to be applied to the direct producers. It reminds me of how liquefied natural gas facilities often are commercially separated from the upstream to manage project financing and improve project feasibility. The recommended additional reading papers delve further into PRMS disclosure details and implications; how allocating volumes (and costs) for incremental decisions can change the optimal outcome; some more around how volumes and costs flow through to economics and how this can be an issue in complex fields; and, lastly, an unusual proposal of uncertainty around the 1P, 2P, and 3P values. Certainly, they remind the reader to consider the effect of uncertainty on volumetrics and categorization. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 209695 Can Reasonable Certainty Be Assessed From Disclosed Proved Reserves Revisions? by Enrique Morales, ISVA Oil and Gas Consultancy, et al. SPE 211458 An Algorithm for Calculating Incremental Production in an Integrated Asset Model by Peter Richard Paul Cunningham, Serafim, et al. SPE 212826 Impact of Financial Assumptions on Economic Viability of Incremental Projects by M.A. Mian, O&G Knowledge Sharing Platform SPE 209217 Probabilistic Reserves Categorization Using Percentiles of a Single Probability Distribution by M.A. Mian, O&G Knowledge Sharing Platform

Assessment of Socio-Economic Benefits from the Construction of Bypasses of Transport Infrastructure

The aim of the study is to analyse the feasibility of the second phase of the construction of the Rožaje (Montenegro) bypass project. The objectives of the construction of this bypass are to eliminate or reduce existing problems by redirecting transit flows to the bypass. Based on the observed economic costs of construction and the expected economic benefits from the project in a 20-year period, by applying Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), the indicators of the project economic feasibility were determined. As part of the socio-economic analysis of the project feasibility, the expected benefits for transport users (savings in travel time and savings in the vehicle exploitation costs), as well as external impacts (impacts on safety and impacts on the environment) were assessed. The analysis showed the dominant savings are in travel time and vehicle exploitation costs. The economic net present value (ENPV) of this project is positive and amounts to EUR 55 054 502, the economic internal rate of return (EIRR) is 26.88% (with a discount rate of 5%), while the benefit-cost ratio (B/CR) is 4.96. All scenarios developed within the Project Sensitivity Analysis have confirmed that this project has satisfactory economic justification.

Administrative Burden in the Semarang City One-Stop Integrated Service Unit

This research aims to analyze the administrative burden faced by the Integrated Investment and One-Stop Service Agency in Semarang City in handling the investment process. Through a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews with staff, document analysis, and direct observation of the administrative processes. The results indicate that UPTSP in Semarang City faces various challenges in managing the administration of investment. The administrative burden involves aspects such as the completeness of application documents, coordination with relevant agencies, project feasibility analysis, and decision-making. Although UPTSP has implemented the One-Stop Service system to enhance efficiency, there are still obstacles related to data integration between agencies and the expansion of integrated services. This research provides an in-depth understanding of the administrative burden faced by UPTSP in Semarang City, providing a foundation for the development of more effective strategies to improve performance and services for business actors. The implications of these findings can serve as a reference for stakeholders, the city government, and UPTSP itself in designing policies that support increased efficiency and effectiveness in managing investments in Semarang City.

Analytical substantiation of investment project's financial model development in the field of tourism

Subject. The article addresses an integrated approach to the analytical justification of investment projects in the tourism and hospitality sector, for making managerial and investment decisions. Objectives. The aim is to develop a comprehensive methodology for analytical foundation of the said investment project, characterized by a systems approach to the analysis of potential cash flows, taking into account the impact of external and internal risks, and the business model specifics. Methods. We apply logical and systems approaches, methods of comparative analysis, investment analysis and financial modeling, risk analysis, including sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, and a detailed SWOT analysis. Results. We developed a comprehensive methodology for analytical justification of an investment project implemented in the field of tourism and hospitality, including a strategic analysis of the industry and the project, the definition and selection of unit-economy indicators for financial model development, the construction and analysis of the financial model, a detailed SWOT analysis, using a point-rating assessment, scenario analysis, and risk map development. The proposed methodology was tested on the a project implemented in the tourism and hospitality sector. Conclusions. The advantages of the developed methodology include the possibility of comprehensive assessment of factors affecting the economic feasibility of investment projects given the specifics of their implementation in the tourism and hospitality sector, with risks and opportunities associated with prospects for domestic tourism development, and support measures that affect cash flows, the flexibility of designed financial model, based on the indicators of the unit economy, enabling to adapt it to requirements of the project initiators and investors.

지방자치단체 학교복합시설 지속적 도입을 위한 운영과 활용 실태에 관한 고찰

As a blueprint for improving the Q of people's lives, we are expanding the connection between SOC and school facility complex, and utilizing school complex facilities to supplement social problems such as low birth rate and private education expenses, we are operating an after-school “care school” for AIDS and “Green Smart Future School” It is becoming a government-wide effort. The ultimate question for offices of education and local governments that are currently expanding school complex facilities is whether they should be aware of the national defense and operating entity, authority and responsibility, sub-components, and financial support of school complex facilities. As the operational subject of the law, major issues related to school complex facilities are being improved, including the proportion of project costs, facility plans and hardware functions, operation methods, ownership and operating rights, and financial resources.
 In this study, the exclusive scope of operation is desired in order to remotely cover the background of the school complex facility and the operation cases of the school complex facility as follows.
 First, in order to demonstrate the characteristics of a school complex facility, the establishment of a vision and mission that presupposes the consistency and sustainability of feasible goals and projects must be established first. Second, manpower with sufficient professional knowledge and experience must be ensured in the deployment of public officials suitable for school complex facilities and in the operation of curriculum and programs. Third, when installing a school complex, it is necessary to secure interconnectivity considering environmental necessity, characteristics of the community, analysis of residents' needs and demands, and space utilization. Fourth, since school complex facilities are facilities used by all generations and have various functions such as resident convenience, welfare, and education, clear standards and priorities for operation, and selection and concentration of the operation process are required. Fifth, the physical conditions for reviewing facility characteristics from the planning stage were improved, and related organizations proposed active cooperation as equals.

An innovative method to identify educational need regarding depression and anxiety as an under-recognised side effect of anti-TNF medicines

Abstract Introduction Depression and anxiety (D&A) in chronic autoimmune conditions such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and Psoriasis (PsO) is common, with patients twice as likely to suffer from it.1 Biologic medicines are increasingly used in autoimmune conditions and are prescribed only by secondary care. Patients initiated on biologic medicines, specifically anti-TNF, can report depression and anxiety as related side effects listed as common in the summary of product characteristics2,3 and may not get investigated for this side effect when visiting GP practices and hospital reviews. This could lead to unnecessary use of psychological or psychopharmacological treatment and a poor patient experience of biologics therapies. Aim To explore healthcare professionals’ understanding of the potential adverse effects of anti-TNF medicines including D&A symptoms in patients who present to primary care. Methods A Twitter poll was used on the social media platform Twitter to raise the question; ‘GP’s, practice nurses and pharmacists, if your patient with IBD, RA, PsA, PsO etc. presents with symptoms of depression, do you check if they are prescribed a hospital only biologic such as anti-TNF (depression listed as a common side effect) as a possible cause?’. The Likert scale, Always, Sometimes, Never, Didn’t occur to me was used to elicit answers. The question was open for a 3 day window in May 2021, and then repeated in February 2022. A national webinar (advertised for anyone to attend) was held to present these results, and two further questions were asked of the participants using Slido; ‘are you surprised at this figure of 60%?’ and ‘do you think that something needs to be done about this?’ with a yes or no response option. Ethical approval was not required for this service evaluation. Results The results from the Twitter poll in May 2021, had 38 votes, the summary of the responses were 2(5%) [Always], 5 (13%) [Sometimes], 8 (21%) [Never] and 23 (61%) [Didn’t occur to me]. Results from the second poll in February 2022 had 217 votes and responses were 27(12%) [Always], 33(15%) [Sometimes], 23(10%) [Never] and 134(63%) [Didn’t occur to me]. Of the 150 people who attended the webinar, 99 (66%) were not surprised and 100% thought something needs to be done about it. Discussion/Conclusion This innovative if not scientific method (Twitter and Slido) of surveying HCPs, identified a considerable lack of awareness of the D&A side effects of biologics and uncovered a gap in monitoring of vulnerable patients. This suggests the need for education of HCPs about this issue. Awareness can also be increased through patient education, appropriate counselling, and patient information leaflets. Empowering patients to ask if the hospital prescribed medication is on their GP medication list and a potential cause. Twitter is a novel way to gain insight from colleagues, however responses from HCPs only are not guaranteed. This approach is a model to scope feasibility of projects, but only captures users of Twitter and is dependent on the size of the individual’s network and level of engagement by retweeting.

Optimal integration of hybrid pumped storage hydropower toward energy transition

This study explores the advantages of combining variable renewable energy sources like solar and wind with a pumped storage hydroelectric (PSH) system for grid integration. The hybrid modeling systems considered in this study consist of four distinct schemes and seasons to ensure their adaptability to real-world conditions. Each scheme is defined by specific rules and algorithms, including those without PSH, with PSH, with PSH adjustments, and with an optimized schedule for the PSH storage system. The last scheme of daily simulation with an optimization solver is used to optimize the integration of PSH with a hybrid power system that uses solar and wind energy as primary renewable sources by minimizing the daily operating costs. The optimal value is derived from the minimized operating costs and incoming and outgoing energy accumulation. The dispatch system includes load demand satisfaction considering the intermittent nature of solar and wind sources and demand fluctuations presented with a hybrid system of PV solar, wind turbines, PSH, and other power generators as backup. Limitations of the study include considering various factors influencing the integration of a PSH unit, such as different ecological and geographical conditions, distinct atmospheric data, and varying load and demand patterns, which may result in different outcomes in different situations. The results show that using the developed model to optimally schedule the integration of PSH with renewables and the hybrid system in each season provides significant cost savings and CO₂ emissions reductions while meeting the same load patterns. Namely, it can be inferred from the tested schemes that PSH plays a crucial role in facilitating the transition to sustainable energy sources. This is evident through project financing results, which indicate a favorable positive Net Present Value (NPV) and a relatively short payback period of 5 years. Furthermore, Scheme 4 demonstrates the potential for a substantial 84 % reduction in CO₂ emissions during the summer season, and daily costs can be significantly lowered by over 90 % across all seasons. Overall, two simplified net present value and payback period estimation models have shown feasible project financing for a simulation period of 25 years with an interest rate of 10 % for the combined PSH and hybrid system.

Oncogenetic-Driven Targeted Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia : A French ALL-Target Observatory Report

Introduction T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an orphan disease diagnosed mostly in adolescent and young adults. In adult population, 5-10% of T-ALL patients (pts) will be primary refractory and 30-40% will relapse. In relapse/refractory (R/R) patients, standard of care treatments, including nelarabine, yield response rate of about 20-40% and responses are of short duration. On behalf of the GRAALL (Group for Research on Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia), we launched the ALL-TARGET project combining a precision medicine platform dedicated to R/R T-ALL and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LL), and an observatory to evaluate therapeutic proposals based on mutational profile and intracellular signaling pathways alterations. Objectives and methods Leukemic samples from pts with R/R T-ALL/LL were shipped to the GRAALL T-ALL central laboratory in France (V. Asnafi, Hôpital Necker). Biological characterization comprised oncogenetic, phenotypic and in some cases functional analysis. Clinical data from R/R T-ALL/LL pts were collected in a real-life observatory (NCT05832125). Adults pts were eligible if an oncogenetic characterization was available at diagnosis or relapse, and if they received a salvage, either with conventional therapy or with a targeted therapeutic option (TTO). For example, TTOs included Tofacitinib and Venetoclax (Tofa/Ven) in case of IL7R (CD127) expression or IL7R-pathway alterations (IL7R ALT), 5-azacytidine and Venetoclax (Aza/Ven) in case of T-ALL/LL with epigenetic regulators alterations (DNMT3A, ASXL1, PHF6, TET2, PRC2, IDH1/2, SRSF2...) or Temsirolimus, Erwinase and Venetoclax (Tem/Erw/Ven) in case of PI3K signaling pathway alterations (PI3K ALT). The ALL-TARGET Observatory primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) including complete remission (CR), CR with incomplete hematological recovery and partial response. We report here the results of the first pts included, with a focus on those who received TTOs as salvage therapy. Results Eighty-nine were analyzed, including 80 T-ALL and 9 T-LL. Sex ratio was 3 and median age at diagnosis was 37.5y, and 51y at the time of the first TTO. Seventy-one pts were in relapse (79.7%) and 18 primary refractory (20.2%). Relapses occurred after a median first CR duration of 16.6 months (range: 2.5-92), with 62.8% in bone marrow, 30% in CNS and 30.3% in other extramedullary sites. Phenotype at diagnosis was available for 68 pts, including 36 Early T-cell Precursor (ETP or near-ETP) (52.9%), 6 immature non-ETP (8.8%), 20 cortical (29.4%) and 6 mature phenotype (8.8%). IL7R-expression was available for 53 pts, of whom 40 were IL7R+ (75.5%) and 13 IL7R- (24.5%). Out of 50 samples with available BCL2-expression, 47 were BCL2+ (94%) and 3 BCL2- (6%). IL7R ALT were evidenced in 41 pts (48.2%), PI3K ALT in 21 pts (24.7%), RAS pathway alterations (RAS ALT) in 19 pts (22.4%) and epigenetic dysregulation in 42 pts (49.4%). Ten pts harbored TP53/ATM mutations (11.7%) . These different alterations could coexist. At relapse, 33 phenotypes were reported, showing 22 ETP (66.6%), 2 immature non-ETP (6%) and 9 cortical (27.3%). IL7R-expression was available for 26 pts, among which 21 were IL7R+ (63.6%) and 5 IL7R- (19.2%). NGS was performed in 24 patients, revealing IL7R ALT in 9 pts (37.5%), PI3K ALT in 6 pts (25%), RAS ALT in 5 pts (20.8%) and epigenetic dysregulation in 15 pts (62.5%). Nine patients had TP53 mutations (37.5%). Twenty-five patients received a TTO, including 14 Aza/Ven (56%), 8 Tofa/Ven (32%), 2 Tem/Erw/Ven (8%) and 1 Trametinib/Ven (4%). Among these, 8 were in first salvage (32%), 10 in 2 nd (40%), and 6 in 3 rd/4 th salvage (28%). Of note, 14 patients received Ven associated with chemotherapy, including 4 Nelarabine-Ven, and 3 Ven in monotherapy. By 3 months, the cumulative incidence of response under the chosen TTO was 70.7% (95%CI:51-88) (Figure). Ten of 14 patients were in response after Aza/Ven (ORR 71.4%), 4 of 8 patients after Tofa/Ven (50%) and 2 of 2 patients treated with Tem/Erw/Ven (100%). Five patients were bridged to allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the ALL-TARGET project. A better knowledge of the oncogenetic landscape of T-ALL, and a close collaboration between clinicians and biologists, resulted in individualized treatment strategies. With a 3 months cumulative incidence of response of 70%, TTOs appear to be a promising approach in R/R T-ALL.

An evaluation of the economic benefits of rooftop distributed photovoltaic projects in the whole county in China

To promote the realization of the “dual carbon target”, the implementation of rooftop distributed photovoltaic (RDPV) projects in the whole county will usher in large-scale development in China. However, comprehensive investigations into the economic benefits of RDPV projects in the whole county are still rare. This paper thus aims to evaluate the economic benefits of RDPV projects when considering multiple factors. The net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period (PBP) were used to analyze the financial feasibility of RDPV projects. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was adopted to optimize the economic benefits of RDPV projects by calculating the different installation ratios of different building types, including industrial and commercial buildings, government buildings, public buildings, and residential buildings. A case study verified the feasibility of the optimization model of the economic benefits of RDPV projects in the whole county in China. The results revealed that the self-use ratio of power generation greatly impacted the economic benefits of RDPV projects and a single RDPV project became economically feasible when the self-use ratio of power generation was greater than 87.753%. When considering the limitations of the self-use ratio of power generation, installed capacity, and grid connection mode of different building types, compared to the single RDPV project, the economic benefits of RDPV projects on a county scale were not financially feasible based on the optimization model, which had an NPV of about −10.35 million yuan. Industrial and commercial buildings had the highest proportion of RDPV systems installed among the four building types, while residential buildings had the lowest proportion. The current results demonstrate the economic benefits of RDPV projects in the whole county, which will promote the development of RDPV projects and reduce carbon emissions in China. Therefore, this study is expected to provide investors of RDPV with recommendations for both decision-making and making scientific plans for the government.