Fear Questionnaire Research Articles

Integration of Divination Therapy and Modern Counselling (Rational Emotive Therapy) in Combating Fear Among Tiv Undergraduate Students in Benue State, Nigeria

In Nigeria and amongst the Tiv people in particular before the advent of modern counseling the people had their traditional ways of seeking for help and solving their problems. This study is an attempt to integrate Divination counseling therapy into modern counseling (Rational Emotive Therapy) among Tiv undergraduate students in Benue State. The study adopted a survey research design. The population for the study comprises all Tiv undergraduate students in universities in Benue State. A sample of 80 undergraduate students was randomly selected for the study. Instruments for data collection were Interview Guide and a structured Questionnaire titled “Integration of Divination Therapy and Rational Emotive Therapy in Combative Fear Questionnaire (IDTRETCFQ) which were validated by experts. Data collected for the study was analyzed using Frequency Counts, Percentages, Mean and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions. The findings revealed that divination therapies (Or-shor) are available and used among the Tiv undergraduate students and has been effective in combating their fears (Myamchiem). The finding also revealed that modern counselling (Rational Emotive Therapy) is available and used in the universities and has been effective in combating fears among the undergraduate students. Based on the finding, the study concluded that school counsellors who attend to students with cultural issues must learn to integrate their customs and beliefs in resolving their personal-cultural problems Keywords: Divination Therapy, Rational Emotive Therapy and Fear DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/53-05 Publication date: November 30 th 2019

COMPONENTES QUE AFETAM O MEDO NO TRATAMENTO DENTÁRIO EM ADULTOS: UM ESTUDO SECCIONAL

Introdução: A prevalência estimada de extremo medo e ansiedade dentária é de 40% na população adulta. O medo expresso pelo paciente do dentista raramente é usado na prática clínica para avaliar as preocupações do paciente. Objetivos: O presente estudo foi realizado para identificar os fatores de risco associados ao medo do dentista e a frequência de visitas ao consultório odontológico. Metodologia: O estudo incluiu 98 indivíduos que visitaram uma clínica odontológica da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. O medo dentário foi medido: (Qual o seu medo de visitar o dentista? A. De modo algum, b. Pouco c. Muito). Os dados demográficos foram coletados com base na Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HAD), enquanto o medo dentário foi avaliado pelo Questionário de Medo Dental (CMD). Essas avaliações foram feitas antes da realização do tratamento odontológico. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que quatro dimensões do TMC foram consideradas: A. cuidados acidentais, b. atitude do dentista, c. negligência e d. organização. Somente as dimensões de atitude do dentista (OR = 2,4 (IC95%: 1,1-5,4); p = 0,02) e negligência (OR = 5,3 (IC95%: 2,0- 13,1); p = 0,0001), juntamente com o os níveis de ansiedade (OR = 1,3 (IC95%: 1,3-1,7); p = 0,01) foram associados independentemente à presença de medo dentário. Nenhuma das variáveis esteve associada à frequência de visitas ao dentista. Conclusões: Os resultados revelaram ainda que as dimensões de atitude e ansiedade do dentista estavam associadas ao medo de visitar o dentista. Palavras Chave: Medo, Ansiedade, Dentista, Escala de Depressão

Development and validation of the eating disorder fear questionnaire and interview: Preliminary investigation of eating disorder fears

Anxiety is highly characteristic of eating disorders (ED). Despite high levels of anxiety, little is known about ED specific fears. The current study developed and tested the psychometric properties of two measures of ED fears in two samples (N = 513 undergraduates; N = 129 clinical EDs): a self-report measure (Eating Disorder Fear Questionnaire; EFQ) and interview (Eating Disorder Fear Interview; EFI). We found strong support for a five-factor EFQ consisting of subscales assessing fear of weight gain, social consequences, personal consequences, physical sensations, and social eating. We found strong support for a six-factor EFI consisting of subscales assessing fear of food, weight gain, physical sensations, personal consequences, social consequences, and exercise-related fears. Both measures had adequate to strong internal consistency and convergent, divergent, incremental, and construct validity. These measures can be used to identify ED fears that can be targeted in personalized treatment. These data show that ED fears are multifaceted and heterogeneous.

Complex supportive care of patients with breast cancer. The preliminary results of a psychological intervention study

Introduction: Interdisciplinary studies confirm that the traumatic nature of cancer diagnosis and the long course of treatment may often lead to a series of emotional problems among cancer patients, this way precluding physical and psychological recovery. Aim: The aim of the study was to create a complex psychosocial intervention program for breast cancer patients and to present our preliminary results. Method: In our 6 week long study, 50 breast cancer patients were assessed. The intervention group comprised of 20 patients, the control group comprised of 30 patients. Measurements included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Breast (FACT-B) and the Breast-Impact of Treatment Scale (BITS). Therapeutic tools used were the PRISM-D and the Body-Sculpture Test. Results: Our results indicate that the psychological interventions may have an instant stress-relieving and calming effect on our patients, this way providing social support. The type of surgery significantly influenced the levels of body change stress. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of early psychological screening among breast cancer patients before and after surgery as well. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(18): 700-709.

Association of food groups with depression and anxiety disorders

PurposeAdherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with fewer depressive symptoms, however, it is unknown whether this is attributed to some or to all components. We examined the association between the individual food groups of the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), in isolation and in combination, with depression and anxiety (symptom severity and diagnosis).MethodsData from 1634 adults were available from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Eleven energy-adjusted food groups were created from a 238-item food frequency questionnaire. In regression analysis, these were associated in isolation and combination with (1) depressive and anxiety disorders (established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview) (current disorder n = 414), and (2) depression and anxiety severity [measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Fear Questionnaire (FEAR)].ResultsOverall, the MDS score shows the strongest relationships with depression/anxiety [Diagnosis: odds ratio (OR) 0.77 per SD, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.66–0.90, IDS: standardised betas (β) − 0.13, 95% CI − 0.18, − 0.08] and anxiety (BAI: β − 0.11, 95% CI − 0.16, − 0.06, FEAR: β − 0.08, 95% CI − 0.13, − 0.03). Greater consumption of non-refined grains and vegetables was associated with lower depression and anxiety severity, whilst being a non-drinker was associated with higher symptom severity. Higher fruit and vegetable intake was associated with lower fear severity. Non-refined grain consumption was associated with lower odds and being a non-drinker with greater odds of current depression/anxiety disorders compared to healthy controls, these associations persisted after adjustment for other food groups (OR 0.82 per SD, 95% CI 0.71–0.96, OR 1.26 per SD 95% CI 1.08–1.46).ConclusionWe can conclude that non-refined grains, vegetables and alcohol intake appeared to be the driving variables for the associated the total MDS score and depression/anxiety. However, the combined effect of the whole diet remains important for mental health. It should be explored whether an increase consumption of non-refined grains and vegetables may help to prevent or reduce depression and anxiety.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation Clinical Practice Patterns: A Survey of the PRiSM Society.

Background:Recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) requires extensive postoperative rehabilitation. Although no ideal rehabilitation procedure exists, most experts recommend a fusion of time and strength and functional measures to guide decision making for activity progression during rehabilitation. This process is often directed by surgeon protocols; however, the adoption of contemporary rehabilitation recommendations among surgeons is unknown.Purpose:To understand the current landscape of surgeon practice as it relates to ACLR rehabilitation recommendations in adolescent athletes.Study Design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:An online survey was distributed among members of the Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) Society in January 2017. The survey was designed to identify clinical practice patterns during 3 key transitional points of rehabilitation after ACLR: progression to jogging, modified sports activity, and unrestricted return to sports.Results:Responses from 60 orthopaedic surgeons were analyzed. While 80% of surgeons agreed upon initiating jogging within a 1-month range (3-4 months postoperatively), similar levels of agreement were only captured when including a wider 4-month (4-8 months) and 6-month range (6-12 months) for modified sports activity and unrestricted return to sports, respectively. All respondents (100%) reported using knee strength as a determinant to progress to modified sports activity; however, the mode of testing varied, with most using manual muscle testing (60%), followed by isokinetic (28%) or isometric (12%) testing. Most surgeons (68%) reported using some form of functional testing to return to modified sports activity, but the mode of testing and required progression criteria varied considerably among all reported testing procedures. The use of patient-reported outcome measures was limited to 20% of the sample, and no respondents reported using fear or self-efficacy questionnaires. Upon completion of rehabilitation, 73% recommended injury prevention programs, and 50% recommended the use of a functional ACL brace.Conclusion:Rehabilitation progression practices in adolescent athletes are variable and become more inconsistent as the time from surgery increases. While the majority of the sample considered strength and functional testing important, the mode of testing and criteria thresholds for activity advancement varied considerably.

Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ) - Serbian cultural adaptation

Background/Aim. After having established an indication for surgery, some patients experience sense of fear, unpleasantness and embarrassment due to the expectance of adverse consequences of surgical intervention. Recently an instrument for measuring fear of surgery ? the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ) ? was developed and validated on a sample of Dutch patients awaiting surgery. The objective of this study was to translate the SFQ to Serbian language, make cultural adaptation of the translation and test its reliability and validity in a sample of outpatients in Serbia. Methods. The SFQ was translated and adapted according to the accepted international standards (double forward translation, harmonization, backward translation, and piloting). The study was multicentric, involving patients from 7 cities in 3 countries: Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Hercegovina. It was conducted at state-owned health facilities. The sample was of consecutive nature and consisted of 330 outpatients who visited specialists of either internal medicine or general surgery. Results. Translated SFQ showed excellent reliability, both when rated by the investigators (Cronbach?s alpha 0.915), and by the patients themselves (Cronbach?s alpha 0.917). It is temporally stable, and both divergent and convergent validity tests had good results. Factorial analysis revealed one domain on the whole study sample and two domains like in original on the subsample of patients without experience with surgery in general anesthesia. Conclusion. Identification of patients with high level of fear of surgery by this questionnaire should help clinicians to administer measures which may decrease fear and prevent avoidance of absolutely necessary surgery by such patients.

Cannabidiol enhancement of exposure therapy in treatment refractory patients with phobias: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPhobic anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and are burdensome in terms of loss of quality of life and work productivity. Evidence-based treatments are relatively successful in the majority of patients, especially exposure therapy. However, a substantial subset of patients fails to achieve or stay in remission. Preclinical and genetic research have yielded evidence that the cannabinoid system is involved in the extinction of fear, presumed to underlie the beneficial effects of exposure therapy in phobic disorders. A cannabinoid constituent that may enhance endocannabinoid signaling is cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component of cannabis. Hence, the addition of CBD to exposure therapy is expected to strengthen effects of treatment. To determine the added benefit of CBD on exposure therapy, we conduct a randomized controlled trial, in which patients in whom previous treatment as usual has not yielded sufficient response receive either CBD or placebo preceding 8 exposure sessions in a double-blind fashion. A subsidiary aim is to explore which (combination of) clinical, behavioral and genetic profiles of patients are related to treatment response.Methods/designThis is an 8-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Seventy-two patients with social phobia or panic disorder with agoraphobia with incomplete response to earlier treatment will be included from outpatient clinics in the Netherlands. Patients are randomized to augmentation of exposure therapy with 300 mg CBD or placebo. The study medication is administered orally, 2 h preceding each of the eight 90 min exposure sessions. Measurements will take place at baseline, first administration of medication, every session, mid-treatment, last administration of medication, post-treatment and at 3 and 6 months’ follow-up. The primary outcome measure is the score on the Fear Questionnaire (FQ). In addition, determinants of the expected treatment enhancing effect of CBD will be explored.DiscussionThis is the first trial to investigate whether the addition of CBD to exposure therapy is effective in reducing phobic symptoms in treatment refractory patients with social phobia or panic disorder with agoraphobia.Trial registrationNetherlands Trial Register NTR5100. Registered 13 March 2015. Protocol version: issue date 17 Jan 2018, protocol amendment number 7.

Predictors of Nighttime Fears and Sleep Problems in Young Children

This study had two major aims: (1) to explore the relationship between sleep related difficulties and behavioral and emotional problems in young children, and (2) to identify predictors of child fear and problematic sleep behaviors. Sixty-eight children (34 boys), ages 4–6 years (M = 4.9, SD = 0.9) who experienced nighttime fears and who co-slept with their parents were evaluated using parental reports of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems, sleep difficulties and related anxiety, as well as child and parental reports of fear. Child-reported fear was significantly predicted by internalizing problems when controlling for other variables whereas parent-reported fear was primarily related to child endorsed fears on a preschool fear questionnaire when controlling for the other variables. In contrast, sleep-related problems were primarily related to externalizing behavior problems whereas the number of nights slept alone was primarily related to separation anxiety on a preschool anxiety questionnaire. Findings from the present study point to the multiplicity of factors that account for nighttime fears and sleep difficulties in young children. Child fear and separation anxiety were related to co-sleeping. Moreover, internalizing symptoms in young children predicted child fear whereas, externalizing symptoms predicted sleep problems. Based on the reciprocal relationship between emotional/behavior problems and sleep, frequent co-sleeping and nighttime fears might serve as a risk and/or maintaining factor of disrupted sleep practices. When treating nighttime fears in young children, co-sleeping should be targeted for intervention as well.

Verification of the Korean Version of the Dental Fear Survey.

BackgroundAlthough studies on dental fear in relation to sex and age have been conducted, there have been few nationwide studies particularly on the youth sector. In addition, no validity and reliability verifications have been implemented for new research groups on the Korean version of the Dental Fear Survey (K-DFS). Therefore, this study aimed to apply the K-DFS developed in a previous study on Korean youth to draw conclusions on dental fear among the youth.MethodsThis study used the K-DFS, a Korean translation of Kleinknecht's Dental Fear Survey for elementary school, middle school, and high school students. This study selected 2,161 young people of various ages as participants and increased the validity of the research results by expanding nationwide the scope of the study area.ResultsDifferences in fear levels according to sex were higher in boys fear behavior scores than in girls' regarding dental treatment (P < 0.05). Students with dental fear had higher scores on items associated with dental treatment and fear of dental stimuli compared with students without dental fear (P < 0.05). Differences were observed among the three groups (P < 0.05). However, the results of logistic regression analysis showed no statistically significant differences for dental visits based on sex, grade, and other subcomponents (P > 0.05).ConclusionBy verifying the validity of the newly developed K-DFS, this research confirmed its utility as a dental fear questionnaire. Therefore, there can be no objection that the grounds for criticism have been established according to conventional wisdom. In the future, however, developing and studying the limits of K-DFS that overcome the factors of dental fear, especially pain, will help reduce dental fear in adolescents.

A Psychological Core Study on Anxiety and Death Fear among Diabetic Patients

The present study explains that psychological core focus on anxiety and death fear among diabetic patients in Gujarat, India. In this study the researcher has chosen stratified random sample. The sample of the present study of total 240, among them 120 Urban and 120 Rural Area is in 60 and 60 Diabetic Patient were selected various hospital in Ahmedabad city. A Personal Data Sheet developed by researcher was used to gather information about types of area, education, age, Sinha’s Comprehensive Anxiety Test (SCAT) developed by A.K.P Sinha and L.N.K Sinha in (1995), and Death Fear Questionnaires (DFQ), developed and standardized by M.Rajamanickam used as tools. The result of the study is that no any major difference found in the selected sample.

Pain-Related Fear-Dissociable Neural Sources of Different Fear Constructs.

Fear of pain demonstrates significant prognostic value regarding the development of persistent musculoskeletal pain and disability. Its assessment often relies on self-report measures of pain-related fear by a variety of questionnaires. However, based either on “fear of movement/(re)injury/kinesiophobia,” “fear avoidance beliefs,” or “pain anxiety,” pain-related fear constructs plausibly differ while it is unclear how specific the questionnaires are in assessing these different constructs. Furthermore, the relationship of pain-related fear to other anxiety measures such as state or trait anxiety remains ambiguous. Advances in neuroimaging such as machine learning on brain activity patterns recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging might help to dissect commonalities or differences across pain-related fear constructs. We applied a pattern regression approach in 20 human patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain to reveal predictive relationships between fear-related neural pattern information and different pain-related fear questionnaires. More specifically, the applied multiple kernel learning approach allowed the generation of models to predict the questionnaire scores based on a hierarchical ranking of fear-related neural patterns induced by viewing videos of activities potentially harmful for the back. We sought to find evidence for or against overlapping pain-related fear constructs by comparing the questionnaire prediction models according to their predictive abilities and associated neural contributors. By demonstrating evidence of nonoverlapping neural predictors within fear-processing regions, the results underpin the diversity of pain-related fear constructs. This neuroscientific approach might ultimately help to further understand and dissect psychological pain-related fear constructs.

The reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire

Interdisciplinary studies confirm that surgical fear experienced by patients can have a substantial effect on the outcome of the surgery and the healing process after surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire in cancer patients. 149 patients were assessed using the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Visual Analogue Scale and the Surgical Fear Questionnaire. The scale showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach-alfa = 0.878; 0.885). The Surgical Fear Questionnaire scores moderately correlated with anxiety, depression and anticipated pain after surgery. The reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire in the sample were excellent. The questionnaire turned out to be a useful psychometric tool in the measurement of surgical fear. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(47): 1988-1993.

Oh no monster! Do imaginative fears trigger creative imagination?

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to identify the children suffering from imaginative fears and to determine whether or not children having these fears are different from the children have no such fear in terms of their creative imagination. For this purpose, 233 children from the age group of five-six years in a kindergarten in the southwestern Turkey participated in the study. The data were collected by using the Koala Fear Questionnaire, which was developed by (Muris, P., Meesters, C., Mayer, B., Bogie, N., Luijten, M., Geebelen, E., … Smit, C. (2003). The koala fear questionnaire: a standardized self-report scale for assessing fears and fearfulness in pre-school and primary school children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 597–617.) and whose Turkish validity and reliability studies were conducted, as well as Test of Creative Imagination- Child Form, which was developed by (Gündoğan, A. (2017). The test of creative imagination: making the test suitable to the age group of 5–6 years. Early Child Development and Care. doi:10.1080/03004430.2017.1372429). At the end of the study, it was found that creative imaginations of the children suffering from imaginative fears were also high. Furthermore, five-six year-old children suffering from imaginative fears were determined to use behavioural and pretense strategies rather than cognitive strategies.

Diet quality in persons with and without depressive and anxiety disorders

ObjectiveThis study examines the association of depressive and anxiety disorders and their clinical characteristics (disorder type, severity, chronicity and clinical subtypes) with diet quality. MethodData from 1634 adults (controls = 336, current disorder = 414, remitted = 886) were sourced from the 9-year follow-up of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Depressive and anxiety disorders were established with Composite International Diagnostic Interviews. Severity was measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS), Fear Questionnaire and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Chronicity was measured with life-chart interviews expressed as percentage time with a disorder(s). Diet quality was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). ResultsDiet quality was significantly worse among subjects with a current disorder than among healthy controls. Subdividing subjects showed that those with concurrent depressive and anxiety disorders had the lowest diet quality score (MDS: β = −0.41 per SD, 95% Confidence interval (95%CI) = -0.60, −0.21; AHEI β = −0.22 per SD 95% CI = −0.42,-0.03). More chronic depression or anxiety disorders and increased severity in all participants showed a dose-response association with poorer diet quality. There was no distinct pattern between IDS items related to depression subtypes and diet quality. ConclusionDiet quality is poorer in persons with depressive and anxiety disorders; in particular in those with comorbidity. The more severe and chronic the symptoms, the poorer the diet quality. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the direction of the relationship of depressive and anxiety disorders with diet quality and to examine whether improving diet quality could improve mental health.

Fear, negative cognition, and depression mediate the relationship between traumatic exposure and sleep problems among flood victims in China.

To examine the prerequisites of sleep problems among a traumatized population, and assess the underlying mechanisms of sleep problems following trauma. The current study investigated 187 flood victims from 5 makeshift shelters in the Wuhu city of Anhui province after a major flood disaster that occurred in July 2016. A traumatic exposure questionnaire, a fear questionnaire, a posttraumatic cognition inventory, a depression inventory, and a sleep problems questionnaire were used. Traumatic exposure had a direct and positive association with sleep problems and could also be indirectly associated with sleep problems through fear, depression, but not negative cognitions. The positive association could be the result of a path from negative cognitions to depression, but not from fear to negative cognition, or from fear to depression. Furthermore, a threefold multipath from fear to depression via negative cognitions could also link traumatic exposure to sleep problems. Flood victims' sleep problems are elicited by the combined role of fear, negative cognitions, and depression following trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record

Warnings for Hurricane Irma: Trust of Warning Type and Perceptions of Self-Efficacy and Susceptibility

The purpose of this study was to examine the types of risk communication received about Hurricane Irma by a university sample, along with their perceptions of self-efficacy and susceptibility to the storm. Three days after the storm, 176 individuals completed a survey that asked about how they received alerts, the frequency of the alerts received, and their trust in the different risk communication mediums. Additionally, respondents completed a susceptibility measure, a self-efficacy measure, and a storm fear questionnaire. Results showed that most people received alerts from their university alert system or social media. Participants trusted risk communication the most from text alerts and radio reports, but the least from social media. Additionally, results showed that those who received more alerts also had higher levels of perceived susceptibility to the hurricane, except for those who received 16 to 20 alerts. Perceived self-efficacy was not related to the number of alerts received. These data suggest that although many urge the use of social media for spreading emergency warnings, people distrust social media for risk communication, and that this mistrust may be due to recent cases of misinformation spreading on various platforms. In addition, these data suggest that there may be a “critical point” of alerting, such that receiving more than 5 hurricane alerts may lead to significant increase in perceptions of susceptibility to the storm. Future research should investigate the critical point of effective alerting and the effect that trust in the different mediums of alert technology has on motivation to comply with the warning’s protective action recommendations.

Relationship Between Anxiety, Dental Fear of Parents and Collaboration of Children to Dental Treatment

In the clinical history of a child, it is not taken into account any scale that evaluates the anxiety and fear experienced during dental treatment. This would help to define the way to approach the patient and perform a successful treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety, dental fear and collaboration of parents and children towards dental treatment. A descriptive and transversal study was carried out. The study’s sample was collected from 177 children of both sexes from 3 to 6-year-old, who visited a health institute for a dental appointment, and also their respective parents. A data collection form was prepared for each patient, which included four evaluation scales: the dental fear questionnaire, the Corah anxiety scale, the Children’s Fear Scale and the Venham graphic test. At the end of the treatment, the child's behavior was evaluated using the Frankl scale. In regard to fear, parents presented little or no (55.9%) and children, under fear (87.6%) in a greater percentage. In reference to anxiety, parents presented low anxiety (57%); children, in their majority, were not anxious (64.4%), and their behavior was positive (71.2%). As a result, anxiety caused by the dental treatment in children and parents is not related; nonetheless, fear is. In addition, there is no relationship between anxiety and fear that parents may experience with regard to the child's collaboration. However, the child's collaboration is related to the fear and anxiety that they may experience during dental treatment.

Relationship Between Anxiety, Dental Fear of Parents and Collaboration of Children to Dental Treatment

In the clinical history of a child, it is not taken into account any scale that evaluates the anxiety and fear experienced during dental treatment. This would help to define the way to approach the patient and perform a successful treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety, dental fear and collaboration of parents and children towards dental treatment. A descriptive and transversal study was carried out. The study’s sample was collected from 177 children of both sexes from 3 to 6-year-old, who visited a health institute for a dental appointment, and also their respective parents. A data collection form was prepared for each patient, which included four evaluation scales: the dental fear questionnaire, the Corah anxiety scale, the Children’s Fear Scale and the Venham graphic test. At the end of the treatment, the child's behavior was evaluated using the Frankl scale. In regard to fear, parents presented little or no (55.9%) and children, under fear (87.6%) in a greater percentage. In reference to anxiety, parents presented low anxiety (57%); children, in their majority, were not anxious (64.4%), and their behavior was positive (71.2%). As a result, anxiety caused by the dental treatment in children and parents is not related; nonetheless, fear is. In addition, there is no relationship between anxiety and fear that parents may experience with regard to the child's collaboration. However, the child's collaboration is related to the fear and anxiety that they may experience during dental treatment.

Treating anxiety after stroke (TASK): the feasibility phase of a novel web-enabled randomised controlled trial

BackgroundAnxiety affects a quarter of strokes. It can be disabling even after mild stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA). It is not feasible to deliver conventional psychological therapies to the large population of anxious stroke and TIA patients. We are testing the feasibility of a web-enabled randomised controlled trial (RCT) to compare an individualised telemedicine cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based intervention with a self-guided web-based relaxation programme. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of novel trial procedures and the delivery of the TASK interventions in stroke and TIA patients.MethodsWe aim to recruit 40 community-based stroke and TIA patients experiencing anxiety at least 1 month post-discharge in Lothian, Scotland. We will assess the (1) recruitment number per month; (2) percentage completion of electronic consent; (3) time taken for remote eligibility confirmation; (4) percentage completion of follow-up surveys: modified Rankin scale, EuroQol-5D5L, 7-item generalised anxiety disorder, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and modified fear questionnaire; (5) data capture of intervention fidelity and (6) use of actigraph smartwatches to obtain continuous data of rest/activity.DiscussionThe current study will provide feasibility data on streamlined web-enabled trial procedures and the use of smartwatches to obtain objective measures in stroke and TIA patients, offering potential for large efficient RCTs to be conducted centrally and remotely with far fewer resources in the future. This study will inform further refinements of the TASK interventions before evaluation in a definitive RCT.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT03439813. Retrospectively registered on 20/2/2018.