Fear Of Judgment Research Articles

Sexual violence among men who have sex with men and two-spirit peoples: A scoping review

Sexual violence (SV) is a human rights and public health issue that impacts people from all communities. Men who have sex with men/Two-Spirit (MSM/2S) peoples are up to six times more likely to experience SV compared to heterosexual men. In addition, MSM/2S people are less likely to report SV. Reasons for this lack of reporting include male rape myths, fear of judgment, stigma, shame, homophobia, and/or lack of access to supportive services. The current scoping review offers a synthesis of the recent literature regarding SV among MSM/2S peoples in order to make research, practice, and policy recommendations. Findings indicated consistent SV risk factors, associated negative health outcomes, and barriers to accessing services. Risk factors included being younger, inexperience in MSM/2S communities, and having a history of sexual abuse or violence. Negative health outcomes included increased risk for HIV, depression, anxiety, heart disease, fear, eating disorders, substance use, social isolation, PTSD, and suicide. Help-seeking barriers included limited support services, lack of reporting, and male rape myths. Policy recommendations include targeted efforts to raise awareness of SV among MSM/2S peoples, and affirming the legitimacy of reporting SV through specialized healthcare services and trained professionals.

"I'm Stamped a Liar on my Heart": Challenges of Qualitative Research on Arab and Arab-American Drug User Populations

In the social sciences, Arabs and Arab-Americans are an understudied population. While there are numerous contributing factors as to why this disparity in the literature exists, one of the main contributing factors when studying Arab populations is that of access. In quantitative data, those of Arab descent are often misclassified or grouped into broader categories such as “White,” “Middle-Eastern,” or “Muslim.” This can lead to data that either seem limiting or misleading. In qualitative research, cultural factors such as shame, stigma, fear of judgment, and a culture of honor can lead to blocked access to offender populations. This article will discuss some of the challenges with gaining access that are specific to ethnically Arab populations, particularly with drug users.

Value-based Healthcare: Health Literacy's Impact on Orthopaedic Care Delivery and Community Viability.

Value-based Healthcare: Health Literacy's Impact on Orthopaedic Care Delivery and Community Viability.

Public Self-Disclosure and Self-Improvement in South African Media: Exploring Audience Perceptions

This article reports on a study that relied on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 black South African participants to explore what value these individuals derive from sourcing and consuming confession-based media texts that allow audiences to bear witness to, and vicariously experience, the self-disclosed (often intimate) “problems” and imperfections of distant others seeking (professional) intervention. Situated within the uses and gratifications theoretical framework, the study – which stemmed from the author's broader master's research project – engaged a qualitative content analysis of interview transcripts to elucidate what gratifications the participants derived from the confessional overtones on which these programmes thrive. The article explores the study participants’ own willingness to engage in mediated confession-driven practices by participating in public self-improvement efforts. This is followed by a critical evaluation of the participants’ perceptions about the people who do engage in public secret revealing practices. With its increasing popularity in South African media, the “self-improvement”/problem-solving text and its confession-based overtones was lauded as informative by the study participants who, in the same breath, expressed little interest in subjecting themselves to the practice of public(ised) secret revealing tied to these texts. This stance is driven by what the study participants claim to be a fear of judgement and an unwillingness to be “used” by the media through the commodification of their emotions and imperfections. For them, vicariously experiencing the confessions and secrets of distant “brave hearts” is enough to aid them in their own “private” self-improvement efforts targeted at personal issues similar to those witnessed on television, radio and other mass-mediated texts.

Perceived Barriers And Motivators For Physical Activity In Women With Perinatal Depression

Physical activity (PA) may help reduce severity of depressive symptoms in women with perinatal depression (depression during pregnancy or postpartum). However, less than one third of pregnant and postpartum women meet national PA recommendations, and PA is likely even lower in women with perinatal depression. Barriers and motivators for PA among women with perinatal depression are not well understood. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify barriers and motivators for PA among women with perinatal depression. METHODS: Pregnant and postpartum women with perinatal depression were identified using Kaiser Permanente Northern California’s universal perinatal depression screening program. We conducted 8 focus groups totaling 35 women with prenatal (n=15) and postpartum depression (n=20). Focus groups were analyzed using an inductive approach. RESULTS: Pregnant women were, on average, 27 weeks gestation (range: 11-37) with mild to moderately severe depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 mean: 10; range: 4-19). Postpartum women were, on average, 12.5 months postpartum (range: 8.5-16.5) with no to moderately severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-8 mean: 7; range: 0-16). Perceived barriers to PA identified by pregnant and postpartum women included low energy and mood, limited time due to other priorities, feeling discouraged when comparing to pre-pregnancy self, and limited geographic accessibility and high cost of group exercise classes. Unique barriers identified by pregnant women were physical discomfort and fear of judgement from others. Postpartum women identified lack of childcare as an additional barrier. Motivators for PA identified by pregnant and postpartum women included self-care (“me time”), improved mood after PA, making progress toward goals, being strong and fit to keep up with their children, and having a social support system. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to increase PA in pregnant and postpartum women with perinatal depression should include components addressing motivation, time, geographic accessibility, and cost barriers. Interventions can also increase PA by promoting potential mood benefits, fostering a sense of accomplishment, and leveraging social support as motivators in pregnant and postpartum women with perinatal depression.

Developing an Action Plan to Support Breastfeeding in Tompkins County, NY

Abstract Objectives Tompkins County has a high rate of breastfeeding initiation (92.4% in 2017) but has less success in metrics of exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding continuation. We sought to determine barriers to exclusive breastfeeding for 6 mo as well as to identify interventions to improve support for mothers in Tompkins County, NY. Methods Focus groups and interviews were conducted with mothers (n = 15) who had breastfed within the last 3 y and professionals (n = 10) who work with lactating women. Participants were recruited through flyers sent in local mailing lists and placed in community spaces around the Ithaca area. All participants lived or worked in Tompkins County. Results Mothers reported early cessation of breastfeeding for a number of reasons including perceived insufficient milk production and a need to return to unsupportive workplaces. Despite a wide availability of breastfeeding support resources in the Ithaca area of Tompkins County, resources were uncoordinated and underutilized. Mothers were aware of some of the available resources, but had difficulties sorting through varied information sources and identifying programs that were a good fit for their individual needs. Furthermore, many mothers, such as those who complemented breastfeeding with formula, reported worrying that local mothers’ groups or lactation support groups would be judgmental. This fear of judgment or embarrassment led many women to avoid seeking support at these venues that may have been useful to them. Conclusions Improved coordination of messaging and centralization of resource information is essential to increasing breastfeeding success across Tompkins County. An overall shift in messaging to reframe breastfeeding as one of many forms of nurturing, rather than just a food source, may be effective at reducing shame and judgment while encouraging mothers to overcome their challenges. Funding Sources Alan D. Mathios Research and Service Grant, Cornell University.

Hindering resilience in the transition to parenthood: a thematic analysis of parents’ perspectives

ABSTRACT Objective: Investigate parents’ recollections of resilience hindering experiences in the first year of parenthood. Background: The transition to parenthood is a significant period of change in the lifespan. Understanding the factors which undermine resilience during this process will help illuminate resilience theory and provision of perinatal support. Methods: We conducted a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 10 parents (including four fathers) and examined factors hindering resilience as a global theme within a broader thematic network. Results: We identified two organising themes; context which related to external experiences and relationships and appraisals which related to parents’ internal attributions and experiences. We refined these organising themes into 24 specific resilience hindering factors including ambivalence about parenthood, fear of judgement, compromised self-care and relationship change. We also collated parents’ suggested changes to structural supports such as providing a comprehensive overview of services available to new parents, having credible resources online, engaging fathers directly in perinatal care and a greater focus on postnatal support such as prioritising continuity of care and making longer hospital stays available. Conclusion: Our work illuminates parents’ own thoughts about factors hindering resilience in the transition to parenthood and provides direct recommendations from consumers about improvements to provision of support throughout this critical period.

"Nonroutine Events" as a Nonroutine Outcome for Perioperative Systems Research.

"Nonroutine Events" as a Nonroutine Outcome for Perioperative Systems Research.

Sexual Health in the SARS-CoV-2 Era.

Sexual contact carries some risk for exposure to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This commentary provides clinicians wit...

Question of taste

Children who can voice their opinion without fear of judgement become active and confident learners. Discussing their likes and dislikes develops expressive language skills and their understanding of their own – and others' – choices.

User Experiences of Social Support From Companion Chatbots in Everyday Contexts: Thematic Analysis.

BackgroundPrevious research suggests that artificial agents may be a promising source of social support for humans. However, the bulk of this research has been conducted in the context of social support interventions that specifically address stressful situations or health improvements. Little research has examined social support received from artificial agents in everyday contexts.ObjectiveConsidering that social support manifests in not only crises but also everyday situations and that everyday social support forms the basis of support received during more stressful events, we aimed to investigate the types of everyday social support that can be received from artificial agents.MethodsIn Study 1, we examined publicly available user reviews (N=1854) of Replika, a popular companion chatbot. In Study 2, a sample (n=66) of Replika users provided detailed open-ended responses regarding their experiences of using Replika. We conducted thematic analysis on both datasets to gain insight into the kind of everyday social support that users receive through interactions with Replika.ResultsReplika provides some level of companionship that can help curtail loneliness, provide a “safe space” in which users can discuss any topic without the fear of judgment or retaliation, increase positive affect through uplifting and nurturing messages, and provide helpful information/advice when normal sources of informational support are not available.ConclusionsArtificial agents may be a promising source of everyday social support, particularly companionship, emotional, informational, and appraisal support, but not as tangible support. Future studies are needed to determine who might benefit from these types of everyday social support the most and why. These results could potentially be used to help address global health issues or other crises early on in everyday situations before they potentially manifest into larger issues.

КОНСТРУКТ «ЗОВНІШНЄ Я» ЯК КОМПОНЕНТ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ САМОСВІДОМОСТІ ТА ДИСПОЗИЦІЙНА ОСНОВА СОЦІАБЕЛЬНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ: СПРОБА ТЕОРЕТИЧНОЇ ВАЛІДИЗАЦІЇ

Стаття містить спробу теоретичної валідизації емпіричного конструкту «зовнішнє Я», отри­ма­ного в результаті факторизації даних діагностики респондентів підліткового та юнацького віку (n=1457). Виокремлено декілька імпліцитних та експліцитних ліній аналізу цього конструкту: диспозиційну, соціаль­но-поведінкову та вікової генези. Проаналізовано експліцитні уявлення про соціабельність як характерис­ти­ку темпераменту та особистісну рису. Показано, що імпліцитно конструкт «зовнішнє Я» існує у психо­логії в різних іпостасях: як підструктура Я та прояв соціальної самосвідомості, як феномен ідентифікації та прояв потреби «бути як інші», як ціннісно-мотиваційна складова прагнення до любові, мотивації афі­ліації, страху осуду та бажання заслужити любов та схвалення оточення, як складова нормативної, кон­формної поведінки, як мотиваційний регулятор діяльності та життєдіяльності особистості. «Зовнішнє Я», з одного боку, є індивідуально-психологічною диспозицією, симптомокомплексом рис особистості, яку мож­на інтерпретувати як диспозиційну основу соціабельної поведінки. З іншого боку, конструкт «зовнішнє Я» має поведінкову складову – власне соціабельну поведінку. Її визначено як здатність особистості узго­джувати та коректувати соціальну активність згідно з очікуваннями оточення, групи, соціальними нор­ма­ми та вимогами. Як індивідуально-психологічна диспозиція «зовнішнє Я» є кластером взаємопов’язаних характеристик особистості (когнітивних, регулятивних, поведінкових), які відіграють важливу роль у процесі соціально-психологічної адаптації. Поведінкова складова «зовнішнього Я» (соціабельна поведінка) є опосередкованим показником соціоцентричних тенденцій розвитку (на противагу егоцентричним як орієнтації на власні цінності та сенси). Розглянуто особливості «зовнішнього Я» як позивної та негативної конотації особистості, його потенціал та ризики у розвитку особистості в період дорослішання. Ви­значено, що конструкт «зовнішнє Я» не є артефактом і може бути інтерпретований як вікова та со­ціально-психологічна характеристика прояву соціального в особистості у період підліткового та юнацького віку

Faith It till You Make It: A CYC Course-Based Qualitative Inquiry

Faith It till You Make It: A CYC Course-Based Qualitative Inquiry Jessica, Buss, BCYC, Moriah, Erbacker, BCYC, Brittany Kryzanowski, BCYC, Heidi, Pisca, BCYC, Gerard Bellefeuille Abstract The purpose of this course-based research study was to explore the perceptions of faith-based child and youth care (CYC) students in completing a third-year expressive arts-based CYC practice self-image assignment that invited them to incorporate their personal spiritual beliefs as a component of their CYC identity. The course-base study also sought to examine the potential of arts-based assignment in creating a safe medium to express one’s faith in CYC education. The focus group method was the primary data collection strategy. Thematic analysis resulted in the identification of three themes: a) relational safety within one’s environment, b) fear of judgement from classmates and coworkers, and c) desire for authenticity within one’s CYC identity. The results of this course-based study indicate that for many CYC students, the arts-based CYC practice self-portrait assignment was a safe place to express their faith and spiritual beliefs. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jehd.v9n1a3

You Aren’t Alone: Building Arabic Online Supporting Communities using Recommender System

People are now digitally connected, making the world a single large community. This remarkable benefit has solved many communication issues. For instance, people who go through difficult times and lack the emotional support required to overcome these crises can now join an online support group. For many years, such people had to travel to a predetermined location in a predetermined time to join a support group. Today, with the increasing availability of digital services, these groups can now meet online. For these reasons, this paper presents ‘You aren’t alone’ mobile application, an interactive mobile-based application designed for Arab people who need psychological support. This application will help in enriching the Arabic content in the field of social support and will help in building supporting communities by peering users to the appropriate support group, anonymously without the fear of judgment. The application will enhance the peering process through a recommender system that reads the user’s Twitter timeline and classifies the tweets as belonging to one of the available support groups.

A qualitative exploration of the experiences of students attending interprofessional Schwartz Rounds in a University context

ABSTRACTSchwartz Rounds are a cultural change initiative for interdisciplinary staff to reflect on their work to preserve the human connection. Their recent implementation in educational contexts means that there is limited research exploring the experience of students attending Rounds. This study aimed to develop understanding of how health-care students experience participation at Schwartz Rounds in a University context. Using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight health-care students about their experience of attending Rounds. Three themes were identified: ambivalence about safety to share “would it reflect badly on me?”; unifying through sharing emotions “you’re not alone in feeling that”; and space to question professional cultures “there’s not normally space given to that”. The findings suggest that Rounds promote connectedness through humanizing professions and focusing on shared emotions; however, safety to share within Rounds can be limited by fear of judgment. This supports previous literature and suggests that Rounds may be well placed in educational contexts to support cultural change from the beginning of training.

Understanding Health Care Access Disparities Among Human Trafficking Survivors: Profiles of Health Care Experiences, Access, and Engagement.

Human trafficking is associated with a profound burden of physical and psychological trauma. Survivors of trafficking interact with the health care system during and after their experiences of trafficking. Socioeconomic isolation, stigma, shame, guilt, fear of judgment, fear of retribution by traffickers, fear of law enforcement authorities, and other factors known to inhibit disclosure can exert a formative influence on survivors' health care experiences, health care access, and health services engagement. Using a mixed qualitative-quantitative social science research method, known as by-person factor analysis (or Q-methodology), the current analysis systematically examines the scope of trafficking survivors' health care experiences and perceptions of medical care, health care access behaviors, and degree of engagement with health services. Among 33 survivors of human trafficking surveyed, 21 met inclusion criteria for this analysis. Three distinct profiles of survivor health care experiences and health services engagement-Avoidant, Distrustful, and Constrained-are identified from the aggregate of survivors' perceptions of medical care. Although there are salient differences across the three survivor profiles, a feeling of disenfranchisement is a common thread and directly related to health care access behaviors and health services engagement. Understanding that the feeling of disenfranchisement functions as a filter through which trafficking survivors perceive and experience medical care can help health care professionals take appropriate countermeasures. Implications for improving health care access and engagement include the implementation of trauma-responsive, culturally sensitive, and survivor-centered care practices.

Supporting the mental wellbeing of children and young people in the school environment: a qualitative study

BackgroundOne in ten children and young people have a clinically diagnosed mental health disorder or emotional and behavioural problems. Children and young people with poor mental health are at increased risk of short-term and long-term poor social and economic outcomes. Improving the wellbeing of children is one of the key goals of the Well-being of Future Generations Act in Wales. The aim of this study was to understand children's views about what is important to mental wellbeing in the school setting. MethodsBetween Nov 29, 2017, and May 28, 2018, six focus groups, which included 62 pupils (33 girls and 29 boys) aged 5–18 years, were invited to discuss what matters to children to support their mental wellbeing. Five of the focus groups were held at schools identified by the Healthy Schools Coordinators across Wales, and one was held at the Children in Wales office for children who were excluded or not in mainstream schools. The schools were located in a mixture of urban and rural settings in south Wales. We did a thematic analysis of all the qualitative data gathered from the focus groups. FindingsThematic analysis identified fourteen themes: understanding the mental wellbeing needs of children who attend each school; fostering good working relationships with clear respect between pupils and staff; being able to raise issues without fear of judgement; dealing quickly and effectively with bullying; having enough free time in school for unstructured activities and lunch; feeling prepared for tests and exams; having a strong and effective pupil voice; staff enabling a calm classroom environment; prioritising pupil well-being; prioritising staff well-being; monitoring the reasons for staff turnover and acting on this; using support services to best effect to benefit well-being; celebrating diversity; and helping pupils cope at predictable transition periods. The most frequently raised themes were fostering good working relationships with clear respect between pupils and staff; having a strong and effective pupil voice; prioritising staff wellbeing; monitoring the reasons for staff turnover and acting on this; celebrating diversity; and helping pupils cope at predictable transition periods. InterpretationThe themes identified by the children were used as a basis for the new Wales Healthy School Scheme criteria. The outcomes of the thematic analysis directly influenced the criteria associated with mental wellbeing, giving children a clear voice in the process. FundingNone.

252 Does Self-Guided Simulation Help Emergency Physicians Maintain Competency in Rare Procedural Skills?

Emergency physicians (EPs) are expected to master a wide range of critical procedures and to maintain these skills throughout independent practise. However, because of the rarity of such procedures, the presence of learners, the general lack and cost of educational activities, and the fear of judgement from peers and learners, emergency physician competency in rare procedural skills likely diminishes with time. Our study sought to assess whether self-guided simulation with anonymous expert feedback might help EPs maintain or improve rare procedural skills compared to baseline, while eliminating some of the barriers to participation, like fear of judgement, lack of time, and cost.

The ultimate gatekeepers: A qualitative exploration of pharmacists’ contraceptive service delivery practices in Albania

ObjectivesPharmacists play a key role in contraceptive service delivery in Albania. This qualitative study explores the availability and accessibility of different contraceptive methods in Tirana, Albania, as well as the knowledge, opinions, and provision practices of retail pharmacists in the county. MethodsIn 2016, we conducted 16 in-person interviews with retail pharmacists in Tirana county, Albania. We also observed practices and dynamics in the pharmacies. We analyzed our data using descriptive statistics and for content and themes using inductive and deductive techniques. ResultsOur findings suggest that although a number of contraceptive methods are available in pharmacies, there are numerous barriers to access. Pharmacists were both uninformed and misinformed about reproductive health technologies, in general, and hormonal contraceptives, in particular. Pharmacists reported that the lack of awareness, fear of judgment, and embarrassment among women are some of the biggest obstacles for women seeking contraceptives from pharmacies. Yet few pharmacists reflected on their own lack of knowledge and the role that health service provider misinformation and judgment plays in contraceptive service delivery. ConclusionSupporting continuing education efforts for pharmacists and pharmacists in training in Albania appears warranted. Improving pharmacists’ knowledge of reproductive health technologies and fostering values clarification and transformation could address current barriers to access. ImplicationsOur findings shed light on the barriers to contraceptive access in Albanian pharmacies. Developing strategies to raise awareness about contraception, training pharmacists to provide medically accurate counselling, and improving knowledge within the community through culturally and linguistically resonant education campaigns appear warranted.

Utilising community engagement approaches to influence public mental health policy in a rural setting

Purpose Drawing on the notion of “mental health policy participation”, the purpose of this paper is to describe and reflect on a regional case study of a community engagement approach that explored community perspectives on mental health and the factors that influence it. It established three expectations, that: the development of the Dumfries and Galloway Public Mental Health Strategy is informed by project outputs; services and innovations are based on what people want; active involvement of local people in decision making around mental health services and strategy is achieved. Design/methodology/approach A “participatory appraisal” approach was used to engage with communities. A three-day “Training of Trainers” exercise was undertaken. These individuals then accessed a number of community groups. Data collection was based on five key questions. A total of 443 were engaged in the process. Insights were reviewed by 20 stakeholders from a range of services to identify key actions. This led to the development of the mental health forum and, in turn, a Public Mental Health Strategy for Dumfries and Galloway. Community members were further included in processes through feedback mechanisms. Findings Factors of resilience, support of families and friends, social inclusion, access to social and leisure opportunities were most important. This was followed by structural issues like fear of judgement, lack of transport, discrimination and financial support. Finally, individual factors (sleep, meaningful hobbies and health) were highlighted. Originality/value This approach sought to go beyond a traditional focus to explore broader community perspectives on mental health and the factors that influence it.