Fear Of Food Research Articles

Intranasal oxytocin in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: Randomized controlled trial during re-feeding

BackgroundNutritional rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa (AN) is impeded by fear of food, eating and change leading to treatment resistance. Oxytocin (OT) exerts prosocial effects and modulates trust, fear, anxiety and neuroplasticity. The current placebo-controlled RCT examined the effects of intranasal oxytocin (IN-OT) in AN. The aim was to ascertain whether repeated doses of IN-OT enhance treatment outcomes in AN. MethodsAN patients self-administered 36 IU IN-OT or placebo daily for 4–6 weeks during hospital treatment. The outcome measures were change in the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) scale, weight gain, cognitive rigidity, social anxiety, obsessive and autistic symptoms. The effects of the first and last doses of IN-OT were assessed relative to placebo before and after a high-energy afternoon snack, to determine potential dampening of cortisol and anxiety levels by OT. ResultsWeight gain was similar in both groups. The EDE eating concern subscale score was significantly lower after IN-OT treatment as was cognitive rigidity. There were no significant differences in social anxiety or any of the other outcomes at follow-up. After four weeks IN-OT, salivary cortisol levels were significantly lowered in anticipation of an afternoon snack compared to placebo. Morning plasma OT levels did not change after chronic IN-OT or with weight restoration. ConclusionIN-OT might enhance nutritional rehabilitation in AN by reducing eating concern and cognitive rigidity. Lower salivary cortisol levels in response to IN-OT suggest diminished neuroendocrine stress responsiveness to food and eating. Such effects require replication with inclusion of more sensitive subjective measures.

Oxytocin as a treatment enhancer in anorexia nervosa

IntroductionNutritional rehabilitation in anorexia nervosa (AN) is impeded by fear of food, eating and change leading to treatment resistance. Oxytocin exerts prosocial effects on anxiolysis, fear modulation, trust and brain plasticity.ObjectiveA placebo-controlled RCT examined the effects of self-administered intranasal oxytocin (IN-OT) in AN patients.AimTo ascertain whether single and repeated doses of IN-OT enhance treatment in AN.MethodsFemale AN patients self-administered twice daily 18IU IN-OT (n = 21) or placebo (n = 21) for 4–6 weeks during hospital treatment. Weight and BMI were measured at baseline and after treatment. The Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) was the primary outcome measure. Cognitive rigidity was compared between groups after four weeks repeated dosing. The effects of the first and last doses of IN-OT versus placebo, on salivary cortisol before a high-energy afternoon snack, were compared.ResultsWeight gain was similar in IN-OT and placebo groups. Only the EDE eating concern subscale score was significantly lower after 4–6 weeks (mean 35 days) of IN-OT (p = 0.006). Anticipatory levels of salivary cortisol fell from baseline after the initial dose in contrast to the placebo group where levels increased. After four weeks IN-OT, salivary cortisol was significantly lower (p = 0.023) overall with little anticipatory increase compared to placebo. There were no differences in anxiety scores. Cognitive rigidity was significantly lower in the IN-OT group (p= 0.043)ConclusionsSelf-administered IN-OT might enhance nutritional rehabilitation in AN by reducing eating concern and cognitive rigidity. Lower salivary cortisol before a high-energy snack, suggests reduction of fear rather than anxiety.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Outcomes of Feeding Training to Mothers Having Child with Cerebral Palsy Admitted at A Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: The majority of children with Cerebral Palsy have feeding difficulties. It has a great impact on growth and development in children with cerebral palsy. Feeding difficulties may leads to chronic respiratory disease, malnutrition and reduce quality of life of both children and caregiver. Feeding difficulties cause stressful meal time for caregivers and fear of food for children. In well resource country many hi-tech equipments for the management of feeding difficulties are available but which is not available in low resource country like Bangladesh. Though some of low tech approaches have started a little but the effectiveness or outcomes of these technologies are not evaluated. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding training on feeding difficulties in children with cerebral palsy.Methods: This is a quasi experimental study. Twenty children with cerebral palsy aged 2 – 9 years having feeding difficulties enrolled as study subjects. Initially degree of feeding difficulties were assessed by evaluating body posture and frequency of aspiration during feeding which is scored according to the response of the child. After giving feeding training to the mother feeding difficulties were reevaluated. Mean score of feeding difficulties before and after intervention were compared by paired 't' test. Results were analyzed by SPSS.Results: Among the study subject 14(70%) were male and 6(30%) were female. Most of them were found to have hemiplegic CP 7(35%). The mean score in terms of positioning and frequency of aspiration were significantly changed after intervention (14.15 vs. 15.85 p = <0.0005), (11.6 vs 15.5 p = < 0.0005).Conclusion: Low-tech strategies and therapies are helpful for the management of feeding difficulties in children with cerebral palsy. Foods and drinks modifications should need to get extra attention for the nutritional improvements of those children. Government and international and national health NGOs should studied more about these low tech strategies to improve the condition of the children with cerebral palsy and to reduce the stress and sufferings of the parents.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.15 (2); Jul 2016; Page 25-29

‘Right’ food, ‘Responsible’ citizens: State‐promoted food education and a food dilemma in Japan

AbstractWith increasing food contamination incidences and rising concerns about food safety and the future of Japanese culinary traditions, shokuiku (food education) has become a central motif of the Japan government's food polices in recent years. Trying to navigate consumer choices amidst the increasingly globalised culinary scene and the food fear in the aftermath of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, the Basic Law on Food Education has interwoven discourses on health, the ‘goodness’ of local food, and the political ideologies of being responsible and patriotic citizens in support of the local economies of Japan. Through an empirical study of the school lunch system, this paper examines how food education policies have become an effective apparatus to instil state ideologies and promote national economic interests. Supposedly, shokuiku aims at promoting food knowledge, quality local foods and the health of the Japanese people, yet, against the backdrop of widespread radiation contamination fears, the rigid policies in food education have posed challenges to the state and generated a ‘food dilemma’ to be faced by many Japanese parents.

Association between eating disorders and anaphylaxis

In a retrospective study of 113 patients presenting to a Brisbane general practitioner with eating disorders, 14 patients gave a history of anaphylaxis, whilst another 7 reported significant food allergies. This is significantly higher than population estimates of anaphylaxis of 1 in 1700. This high incidence leads one to ponder the origins of the issues - whether the fear of anaphylaxis contributes to a fear of food in general (with implications for management of children with food allergies) or whether the two conditions may share underlying immunological and/or genetic risk factors. Of particular note is the recent treatment of anaphylaxis in children using probiotics, the known association of PANDAS, recent discoveries linking the micro biome to mental health and the increased rate of asthma in mothers with depression.

TCTAP C-164 Non Contrast Stent Implantation to Superior Mesenteric Artery for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

### Patient initials or identifier number T.K. ### Relevant clinical history and physical exam An 81-year-old female was presented with postprandial abdominal pain and 10-kg body weight loss for the past 6 months. She developed sitophobia (fear of food). Her medical history included coronary

Fear of Food: A History of Why We Worry About What We Eat. By Harvey Levenstein (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012. vii plus 218 pp.)

Harvey Levenstein's Fear of Food is an extension of his previous work tracing the development of the American public's relationship to the evolving industrialized food system in relation to an increasingly globalized form of capitalism. For Levenstein, Americans' understanding of what is on their plates—how it gets there, what it contains, and what it should be—is the result of the nation's history as punctuated by specific events, which, though isolated as unique moments within Levenstein's narrative, are situated along a continuum of the constantly changing social world. Through these circumstances, as manifest from the inextricable connection between the political, cultural, and economic, Americans come to have seemingly rapid shifts in their understandings of food and diet. Thus, while Levenstein emphasizes the paramount role of the ideologies of choice and personal responsibility in individuals' food consumption, his focus on the hands of government, science, and industry in the formation, continuation, and renovation of American food discourse clearly reveals the historical situatedness and societal construction of personal decision-making regarding what to eat.

Food fear

Chemistry & IndustryVolume 79, Issue 3 p. 28-28 Comment Food fear First published: 30 March 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/cind.793_7.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume79, Issue3March 2015Pages 28-28 RelatedInformation

Small bowel ischaemia

Small bowel ischaemia can present acutely as an abdominal surgical emergency or as a more chronic condition, usually due to slow atherosclerotic occlusion of the visceral arteries. Early diagnosis of acute bowel ischaemia is essential. Other common causes of acute abdominal pain must be ruled out. CT scanning is the key investigation with an approximate 90% sensitivity and specificity. Plasma markers such as raised lactate can support the diagnosis but should not be relied upon. Due to the rapid deterioration that occurs with transmural necrosis, a low threshold for early surgical intervention with laparoscopy or laparotomy is needed. Non-viable bowel must be resected, and on-table revascularization may reduce the amount of bowel lost. Patients requiring extensive bowel resection will need subsequent home total parenteral nutrition and some can be considered for small bowel transplantation. Clot lysis can be beneficial for venous thrombosis.Chronic mesenteric ischaemia is commonly due to gradual atherosclerotic occlusion or stenosis of the mesenteric arteries (coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric). Presentation is with mesenteric angina, weight loss, and food fear. Widespread co-existent vascular disease, and smoking-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Duplex sonography of the mesenteric vessels is not easy. CT or MR angiography are required to confirm the diagnosis and plan intervention. Angioplasty and stenting produce good short-term outcomes but re-stenosis is common and requires monitoring. Surgical endarterectomy or bypass give more durable results but with higher morbidity and mortality rates.

Food neophobia in wild and laboratory rats (multi-strain comparison)

Although empirical studies comparing neophobia in wild and laboratory rats have been conducted in the past, a few decades have passed since most of them were completed. This is a substantial period of time in the case of fast-breeding animals such as rats. Equally important are the inconsistencies in research findings with respect to comparisons between wild and laboratory rats, and within domesticated strains. As well as having the aim of updating knowledge of neophobia among different types of rats, the present experiment was also an attempt to isolate a specific fear of a new food from a general fear of a novel object.The procedure was that rats accustomed to one type of food served in a specific location and in a familiar container were given a different type of food. Test trials were preceded by food deprivation. The following variables were measured: feeding latency, the pace of eating, the number of approaches to the container, and the number of times food was sampled in each trial. The amount of food consumed in each trial was weighed and also taken into account. Grooming time served as the measure of stress among the rats in the experiment.The results of the experiment did not confirm the assertion of some authors that wild rats avoid eating unfamiliar foods. All groups demonstrated only a temporary decrease in the amount of food consumed, the magnitude of which was similar in all strains. No evidence of particularly low neophobia in albino rats was found. However, the behavioral symptoms indicated higher levels of stress in wild rats compared to the other groups.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EATING HABITS AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS FROM UKRAINE

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Bergier J, Bergier B, Tsos A. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EATING HABITS AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS FROM UKRAINE. Health Problems of Civilization. 2015;9(2):5-12. doi:10.5114/hpc.2015.57106. APA Bergier, J., Bergier, B., & Tsos, A. (2015). PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EATING HABITS AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS FROM UKRAINE. Health Problems of Civilization, 9(2), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpc.2015.57106 Chicago Bergier, Józef, Barbara Bergier, and Anatolii Tsos. 2015. "PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EATING HABITS AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS FROM UKRAINE". Health Problems of Civilization 9 (2): 5-12. doi:10.5114/hpc.2015.57106. Harvard Bergier, J., Bergier, B., and Tsos, A. (2015). PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EATING HABITS AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS FROM UKRAINE. Health Problems of Civilization, 9(2), pp.5-12. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpc.2015.57106 MLA Bergier, Józef et al. "PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EATING HABITS AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS FROM UKRAINE." Health Problems of Civilization, vol. 9, no. 2, 2015, pp. 5-12. doi:10.5114/hpc.2015.57106. Vancouver Bergier J, Bergier B, Tsos A. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EATING HABITS AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS FROM UKRAINE. Health Problems of Civilization. 2015;9(2):5-12. doi:10.5114/hpc.2015.57106.

The fear of food measure: a novel measure for use in exposure therapy for eating disorders.

Exposure therapy for mealtime anxiety has preliminarily been effective at increasing food intake and decreasing anxiety in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). To enhance our knowledge of exposure therapy for AN researchers and clinicians need a comprehensive measure that assesses outcomes relevant to exposure therapy for AN. In the current four studies we developed Fear of Food Measure (FOFM) that assesses three cognitive and behavioral outcomes: trait anxiety about eating, food avoidance behaviors, and feared concerns related to eating. In a community (N = 399) and undergraduate female sample (N = 203) the FOFM exhibited a good three-factor structure and convergent and divergent validity. In a sample of women (N = 72) we showed that the anxiety about eating subscale significantly predicted in vivo food intake over and above other established predictors of eating (e.g., restraint). In a clinical sample diagnosed with an eating disorder (N = 41) we showed that anxiety about eating was associated with food intake and anxiety during an exposure meal and that all subscales of the FOFM significantly decreased over the course of a four-session exposure intervention. Finally, we found that participants diagnosed with an eating disorder had higher levels of fear of food than did matched controls (N = 23). The FOFM is a psychometrically valid measure that can assess if patients are improving while undergoing exposure therapy and could be used to pinpoint problematic behaviors that can be addressed in exposure therapy.

Ingredient-based food fears and avoidance: Antecedents and antidotes

This study investigates food fears that are ingredient-based, focusing on the case of high-fructose corn syrup. The results of a national phone survey of 1008 U.S. mothers offer five preliminary sets of observations: first, consumers with a fear of a specific ingredient – such as high-fructose corn syrup – may exaggerate and overweigh perceived risks. Second, such consumers may often receive more information from the internet than from television. Third, they may be partly influenced by their reference group. Fourth, ingredients associated with less healthy foods mainly hurt evaluation of foods perceived as relatively healthy. Fifth, food fears may be offset when an ingredient’s history, background, and general usage are effectively communicated. These findings suggest new insights for understanding how public health, industry, and consumer groups can more effectively target and address ingredient fears.

Ingredient-Based Food Fears and Avoidance: Antecedents and Antidotes

This study investigates food fears that are ingredient-based, focusing on the case of high-fructose corn syrup. The results of a national phone survey of 1,008 U.S. mothers offer five preliminary sets of observations: First, consumers with a fear of a specific ingredient – such as high-fructose corn syrup – may exaggerate and overweigh perceived risks. Second, such consumers may often receive more information from the internet than from television. Third, they may be partly influenced by their reference group. Fourth, ingredients associated with less healthy foods mainly hurt evaluation of foods perceived as relatively healthy. Fifth, food fears may be offset when an ingredient’s history, background, and general usage are effectively communicated. These findings suggest new insights for understanding how public health, industry, and consumer groups can more effectively target and address ingredient fears.

From the Global Food Crisis to the Age of Austerity: The Anxious Geopolitics of Global Food Security

The impacts of recent food, financial, and energy crises have reinvigorated a geopolitical enframing of global food security that makes foreign development assistance a primary component of national security strategies. This centres elite fears of hunger and underdevelopment and strongly shapes policies and strategies adopted in response. Geopolitical fears of hungry and food insecure populations are compounded by the politics of austerity and cuts to foreign aid budgets and social spending. This paper examines the geopolitics of food security, fear, and austerity as expressed in the rhetoric and strategies of major aid donor governments, especially the US and UK, and proposes an alternative geopolitics that builds from the affective dimensions of hunger, food insecurity, and vulnerability as experienced by the hungry and poor. The example of farmer suicides and agrarian political mobilisation in India demonstrates how this affective alternative geopolitics may be constructed and examined.

Veggiecation: A Novel Approach to Improve Vegetable Consumption Among School-Aged Children

Children's general preference for sweeter foods and aversion to bitter vegetables is explained partly by fear of new food and social and cultural influences. Reluctance to eat new foods is related to unfavorable facial expressions and is often learned from the child's family, social circle, and culture.1 Researchers report that the fruit and vegetable consumption of children 6–12 years of age is associated with the accessibility and availability.2 School-based interventions that combine classroom curricula, parental, and nutrition service components show the greatest promise for fruit and vegetable promotion among children.

Rehabilitation of a partially dentate patient with closed hollow bulb obturator: A case report

The palatal defects are usually created due to palatal clefts or surgical removal of tumors or trauma. Patients with this defect are confronted with problems in speech, deglutation, mastication and appearance. The fear of food and drink entering the oronasal and/or oroantral cavities are prevented by the obturator prosthesis. This article is a description of a clinical case that was treated successfully by using a closed hollow bulb obturator.

Book Review: Fear of Food: A History of Why We Worry About What We Eat

Book Review: Fear of Food: A History of Why We Worry About What We Eat

Mid-term follow-up of stenting in chronic mesenteric ischaemia: a review of six cases

Chronic mesenteric angina is a rare condition with high morbidity and mortality, which occurs due to stenosis or occlusion in the mesenteric vessels commonly due to atherosclerosis. Typically, patients present with worsening postprandial abdominal pain, chronic weight loss and fear of food. The condition can be treated by surgical bypass, but also by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting of the affected mesenteric arteries. To assess the mid-term outcomes in patients treated by endovascular stenting for chronic mesenteric ischaemia (CMI). Six patients were treated for symptomatic CMI. In total, six severely stenosed vessels were stented including the superior mesenteric artery (n = 5) and coeliac artery (n = 1). A retrospective review of these patients was performed with end points including symptom recurrence, major morbidity and mortality. The mean follow-up was 16.5 months (range 5-28 months). Initial clinical success was observed in all six patients. Four patients were clinically asymptomatic, but died within 18 months after the procedure from other conditions. One patient suffered from recurrence of symptoms. Only one patient died as a consequence of mesenteric artery re-stenosis. Stenting of mesenteric vessels has shown excellent early and mid-term clinical success in selected patients. Though no direct comparison with open revascularization surgery was performed in this case series, technical and mid-term clinical success is promising.

Antecedents and Antidotes for Ingredient Food Fears

With frequent news reports of tainted foods of various types, it is not uncommon for people to develop a temporary fear of specific foods or ingredients suspected of contamination. Instead of focusing on incident food fears resulting from contamination events, this research investigates food fears that are more categorical in nature and focused on ingredients – such as sugar, fat, or salt substitutes. A phone survey of 1008 U.S. mothers suggests four preliminary results: First, those who are most prone to expressing ingredient food fears may be people who have relatively higher perceptions of risks (and lower perceptions of benefits) or they may be people who have a greater need for social approval among their reference group (the Prius Effect). Second, those with ingredient food fears receive more information from internet sources than from television or print media. Third, ingredient food fears tend to be exacerbated if these ingredients are largely associated with less nutritious foods (such as soft drinks or snacks). Fourth, effectively communicating the background, the purpose, and the history of an ingredient may moderate extreme views. These findings suggest new theories for predicting what foods and ingredients are most at risk of generating ingredient food fears and which people will be most prone to these fears.