Fear Of Coronavirus Research Articles

The knowledge and Attitude toward COVID-19 and Their Association with Fear of Coronavirus Among Nursing and Midwifery Students in Ardabil Faculty

The knowledge and Attitude toward COVID-19 and Their Association with Fear of Coronavirus Among Nursing and Midwifery Students in Ardabil Faculty

Evaluating the interactive impact of acculturative stress and anxiety sensitivity on behavioral health outcomes among Latinx during a period of high COVID-19 impact

ABSTRACT As a multi-systemic disease, COVID-19 infection engendered a rise in co-occurring mental and physical health symptoms, particularly affecting the Latinx population. The current work sought to evaluate the main and interactive influence of acculturative stress and anxiety sensitivity in terms of mental and physical health symptoms among 181 Latinx persons (30.4% female, M age = 34.1 years, SD = 8.20). Data were collected during a period of high COVID-19 impact (2020–2021) and analyses included five separate, two-step hierarchical regressions that were conducted for each of the criterion variables: (1) fear of coronavirus; (2) somatic symptoms; (3) fatigue severity; (4) anxiety symptoms; and (5) depression symptoms. For all analyses, step 1 covariates included years living in the U.S. COVID-19 impact, gender identity, education, and work life distress and home life distress. Results revealed an interactive effect of anxiety sensitivity and acculturative stress on COVID-19 fear, unique main effects for both anxiety sensitivity and acculturative stress on COVID-19 related fear and somatic symptoms, and main effects for anxiety sensitivity alone in relation to fatigue severity, anxiety, and depression. Overall, this study represents an initial investigation of the associations between acculturative stress, anxiety sensitivity, and a range of salient COVID-19 related outcomes among Latinx persons.

Relationship between spiritual intelligence and intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety and fear of Corona in the elderly

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused physical and psychological health problems in the elderly. Spiritual intelligence has an effect on health and healing. The aim of this study determining the relationship between spiritual intelligence and intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, and fear of corona in the elderly. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was done on 207 elderly people who referred to comprehensive health service centers in Mashhad in 2022. The samples were selected based on the inclusion criteria using multistage and cluster sampling. To collect data, various questionnaires were used, including demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status …), King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, Freestone's Intolerance of Uncertainty Questionnaire, Corona Anxiety Scale, and Coronavirus Fear Scale. Statistical analysis of variables was done using descriptive and analytical (independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, analysis of variance, linear regression) tests by means of STATA version 14. RESULTS: The average level of spiritual intelligence was 54.1. Participants reported a high level of intolerance of uncertainty (M = 79.2) and fear of corona (M = 14.09). Education, economic status, and marital status were the predictors of spiritual intelligence of the studied subjects (r = 0.24, P < .05). Spiritual intelligence and gender were also related to uncertainty intolerance (r = 0.12, P < .05). Another finding of the study was the superiority of variables of spiritual intelligence and gender in predicting the level of anxiety of corona compared to other variables (r = 0.17, P < .05). CONCLUSION: There was a relationship between spiritual intelligence, education, and gender with the level of fear and anxiety of corona. Therefore, planning and implementing educational projects based on increasing spiritual intelligence for the elderly with priority for elderly women and with a low level of literacy and income is recommended.

Analyzing effect of fear and uncertainty avoidance on use behavior of learning management system: Post COVID-19 era

This study examines the acceptance of mobile Learning Management Systems (LMS) in the telecom sector of Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employs the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that affect the acceptance of LMS among workers and how it is affected by the moderating impact of Fear of pandemic and uncertainty avoidance. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study indicate that social isolation, price value, and habitat have a significant impact on users’ LMS behavior. Additionally, user behavior is significantly influenced by behavioral intentions. The study also found that coronavirus fears can moderate the relationships between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, price value, and behavioral intentions. On the other hand, uncertainty avoidance moderates the relationship between performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, price value, and behavioral intentions. This study highlights the importance of understanding user acceptance of LMS in order to improve work performance, save time, and eliminate costs. The findings of this study can be used by organizations to develop strategies to increase the acceptance and usage of LMS in the workplace, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also provides insight into how fear of COVID-19 and uncertainty avoidance can be taken into account when designing and implementing LMS.

Weight Status and its Relationship with Corona Fear, Food Diversity, and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents

Introduction: The social restrictions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic likely influenced children's and adolescent's lifestyles and nutrition. This study sought to assess student dietary quality and physical activity levels during the pandemic, as well as examine their association with overweight risk. Methods: Four hundred and fifty-eight students aged 7–12 years old in Karaj, Iran, completed online self-administered questionnaires assessing diet, physical activity, and coronavirus fear. Using Kant's method and the Food Frequency Questionnaire, we obtained diversity scores for five food groups. Data were analyzed using R statistical software. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean dietary diversity score (DDS) was the lowest for the meat group and highest for the fruit group. A significant inverse relationship was observed between the meat group diversity score and student weight status (P = 0.02). The interaction of coronavirus fear and weight status with the meat group DDS was also significant in multivariate adjustment modeling (P = 0.018). Among overweight students, body mass index had a meaningful negative correlation with physical activity levels (r = −0.018, P = 0.016). In addition, a significant inverse association was detected between coronavirus fear and physical activity in univariate modeling (β = −145.47, 95% confidence interval: −248.81–−42.12, P ≤ 0.006). Conclusion: A significant association between coronavirus fear and reductions in physical activity as well as weight gain was observed. The study group also did not demonstrate sufficient dietary diversity. Therefore, we recommend promoting diet variety and physical activity for students as part of health-focused school curricula.

The Fear of Covid-19 and Professional Commitment in Nursing Students Switching from Online Education to Face-to-face Education: A Cross-sectional Study

Background/Purpose: During the coronavirus pandemic, courses were offered online in departments of nursing, and hence, clinical practices were interrupted. Along with the fall in coronavirus cases, the decision to switch from online education to face-to-face education was taken. This research was carried out to determine the fear of coronavirus and professional commitment levels of nursing students who switched from online education to face-to-face education.
 Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional research was performed with 340 nursing students. The research data were gathered online with the Personal Data Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale (NPCS).
 Results: The mean of nursing students’ FCV-19S scores was found as 16.44±6.03 whilst the mean of their NPCS scores was identified as 79.67±10.53. It was identified that there was no statistically significant relationship between nursing students’ FCV-19S and NPCS scores (p>0.05).
 Conclusion: It was discerned that nursing students had a fear of coronavirus below the average while they exhibited moderate professional commitment, and there was no statistically significant relationship between the fear of coronavirus and professional commitment.

Fear of re-infection, relapse, and anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in patients with multiple sclerosis: A multi-center study.

Background: Fear of relapse and re-infection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can affect people with chronic relapsing diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated fear of re-infection, anxiety, and relapse during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iranian people with MS. Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed in the MS clinic of Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran, and Hakim Private Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, between January and April 2022. We asked the participants to fill out validated Persian versions of Fear of Relapse Scale (FoR), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaires and answer a binary question about their fear of getting reinfected with COVID-19. Results were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables or frequencies for categorical variables. For continuous variables which did not have a normal distribution, we reported the median and interquartile range (IQR). Spearman correlation coefficient between anxiety score and FoR score was calculated. An independent samples t-test was used to compare continuous variables. Results: Three hundred and sixty-eight patients participated in this study. The median scores of FoR and BAI were 49.7 and 34.3, respectively. Fifty-three had new relapses in their last infection. Thirty-six percent of the patients had a fear of getting COVID-19 again, and 43% had a fear of relapse during infection. Three hundred and twenty-three had two doses of COVID-19 vaccine; the most frequent type of vaccine was Sinopharm. There was a significant difference between the median FoR scores among patients with and without relapse during the last COVID-19. There was also a significant positive correlation between anxiety score and FoR (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). Conclusion: More than one-third of enrolled cases had fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) re-infection. Patients who experienced exacerbation of symptoms even in the form of relapse or pseudo relapse (possible clinical relapse) had a higher fear of infection.

Relationship Between Fear of Coronavirus and Life Satisfaction in Geriatric Individuals

Relationship Between Fear of Coronavirus and Life Satisfaction in Geriatric Individuals

Fear of covid-19 and covid-19 anxiety as predictors of adherence to treatment in patients with epilepsy

Background: The study aimed to examine fear of COVID-19 and Coronavirus Anxiety as predictors of adherence to treatment in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method and Material: The study was carried out in a university hospital. The research sample consisted of 154 epilepsy patients. The patient identification form, Coronavirus (Covid-19) Fear Scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) were used as data collection tools. The data were shown as percentages and mean ± standard deviation (SD), and Pearson/Spearmen correlation and linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the variables. Results: The results of the analysis demonstrated that the model established for medication adherence in epilepsy patients was significant (F: 12,892, p &lt; 0.001). In addition, for medication adherence, COVID-19 anxiety (β = -0.312), regular drug use (β = 0.242), seizure frequency (β = -0.234), and accommodation in the city center (β = -0.173) were found to be statistically significant predictors (p &lt; 0.001). It was found that the variables explained 24% of the total variance. Conclusions: It should be remembered that infectious diseases such as COVID-19 can reoccur and that it is necessary to be prepared for new contagious diseases likely to occur. In case of the recurrence of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, it is important to conduct interventional/experimental studies on how to increase medication adherence of patients and how to reduce COVID-19 anxiety.

Cryptocurrencies are not immune to coronavirus: Evidence from investor fear

This paper examines the effects of fear of coronavirus on returns and volatility of five major cryptocurrencies during the COVID-19 outbreak. Adopting Google search volume on a comprehensive list of coronavirus-related terms to construct a gauge of fear, we show that daily innovations in coronavirus fear are associated with lower prices and higher volatility. The effects are driven by the extreme events and associated googling in March 2020. Out-of-sample tests further show a significant contribution of fear to forecasting next-day returns and volatility. The results indicate that (i) cryptocurrencies (particularly bitcoin) are not a safe haven for investors against the COVID-19 pandemic, and (ii) Google searches contain important information to explain cryptocurrency market movements during times of crisis.

Dimensionality and Measurement Invariance of the 5-Item Coronavirus Fear Scale in Brazilian General Population

IntroductionThe COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S) is the most widely used instrument to assess fear of coronaviruses. Although preliminary analyses of the Brazilian–Portuguese version showed promising data for the 7-item version, several studies in Latin America suggest that the 5- and 6-item versions present better psychometric indicators. ObjectiveTo replicate and compare the Brazilian–Portuguese version of the (FCV-5S), studying its homogeneity and dimensionality. MethodsA total of 1003 adults between 18 and 78 voluntarily participated. The data were analyzed through exploratory factorial analysis and structural equations modeling. A Multiple Indicators and Multiples Causes model (MIMIC) was used to check the differential functioning of each item regressed on age. Likewise, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were calculated for FCV-5S. Finally, as a test of nomological validity, the mean scores and standard deviation between men and women were compared after testing similarity invariance. Results73.3% were younger adults (18–44 years old), 71.3% were women, and 59.7% had a university education. The 5-item version (FCV-5S) of the COVID-19 Fear Scale has better goodness-of-fit indicators than the 6-item version for a one-factor structure. FCV-5S accomplish with invariance by gender and partial invariance by age in the general population of Brazil. ConclusionsThe FCV-5S has a dimensional structure with partial invariance by gender and age and can be used to assess COVID-19 fear in the general population in Brazil.

Factors Associated with Acute Stress Among Undergraduate and Graduate Students after the First Month of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Anxiety Sensitivity, Fear of Covid-19, Sex

As with any life-threatening event, the Covid-19 outbreak causes people to have emotional reactions such as fear and anxiety. Understanding people’s emotional responses to the pandemic is important to understand mental health results. This study investigated the relationships between the levels of acute stress disorder symptoms, anxiety sensitivity, and fear of coronavirus. Data for this aim was collected from university students between the ages of 18 and 55 through an online research form. Data was collected between 23 April 2020 and 29 May 2020. Analysis of 739 participants showed that 67.9% of the participants had symptoms of acute stress ranging from moderate to extreme. It was also observed that anxiety sensitivity, fear of coronavirus, and sex explained 31.0% of the variance in acute stress symptom levels. Also, it was observed that the fear of coronavirus was higher in women than in men. The results point out that support systems that aid psychological well-being such as accessible online psychological help, and online social support groups have great importance during and after the pandemic. It has been thought that it may be beneficial to develop intervention programs targeting anxiety sensitivity to prevent trauma symptoms.

Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Polish version of the FCV-19S in children and adolescents.

The COVID-19 pandemic might have impacted the psychological well-being of children and adolescents in Poland. The epidemiological situation is constantly changing and it is difficult to predict its further course. There are ongoing discussions about the possible benefits and consequences of children returning to school. For this reason, it is justified to develop a Polish version of an uncomplicated and easy-to-use diagnostic tool for fear assessment, which will enable the identification of children requiring special psychological support. The aim of the study was to develop the Polish adaptation of the recently published Fear of COVID-19 Scale and to examine the psychometric properties of the Polish version among the population of children and adolescents. The sample included 167 participants aged 10 to 17 years. On-line surveys were conducted in three groups - patients with a psychiatric diagnosis, students and children from group homes. The analysis of the collected data showed that the Polish version of the FCV-19S has good psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the one-way structure of the scale. The reliability of the total score proved satisfactory (Cronbach's α = 0.831). In addition, group comparison analyzes showed that children from group homes reported highest fear of coronavirus. Our results suggest that the Polish version of the FCV-19 Scale is a valid and reliable tool which can be used in the psychological assessment of the severity of fear of COVID-19 among children and adolescent.

The effect of mothers’ fears of Covid-19 on their attitudes towards feeding their children and using food supplements

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the correlation between mothers’ COVID−19 fears and their attitudes toward feeding their children and using food supplements. The mothers of 312 children aged 3–6 years participated in this study. Data were collected online using the Descriptive Characteristics Form for Children and Their Families, the Questionnaire Form on Food Supplement Use, the Mother’s Attitudes Toward the Feeding Process Scale (MAFPS), and the Fear of COVID−19 Scale. During the pandemic, 58.9% of children used food supplements. Of these, 38.7% used vitamins/multivitamins, 39.4% used food supplements to strengthen their immunity against the disease, and 23.8% of mothers stated that the food supplement was effective in preventing COVID−19. As the fear of coronavirus increased, the mothers’ attitudes toward feeding their children were negatively affected. The mothers’ fears of COVID−19 negatively affected their attitudes toward feeding their children by 24.0%. Therefore, nurses should ask whether mothers use food supplements for their children during the pandemic period and inform those who use them about the effects and possible side effects of using this method.

Exploring COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and behavioral themes using social media big-data: a text mining approach

PurposeIndia has the biggest number of active users on social media platforms, particularly Twitter. The purpose of this paper is to examine public sentiment on COVID-19 vaccines and COVID Appropriate Behaviour (CAB) by text mining (topic modeling) and network analysis supported by thematic modeling.Design/methodology/approachA sample dataset of 115,000 tweets from the Twitter platform was used to examine the perception of the COVID-19 vaccination and CAB from January 2021 to August 2021. The research applied a machine-learning algorithm and network analysis to extract hidden and latent patterns in unstructured data to identify the most prevalent themes. The COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Amplification Model was formulated, which included five key topics based on sample big data from social media.FindingsThe identified themes are Social Media Adaptivity, Lack of Knowledge Providing Mechanism, Perception of Vaccine Safety Measures, Health Care Infrastructure Capabilities and Fear of Coronavirus (Coronaphobia). The study implication assists communication strategists and stakeholders design effective communication strategies using digital platforms. The study reveals CAB themes as with Mask Wearing Issues and Employment Issues as relevant themes discussed on digital channels.Research limitations/implicationsThe themes extracted in the present study provide a roadmap for policy-makers and communication experts to utilize social media platforms for communicating and understanding the perception of preventive measures of vaccination and CAB. As evidenced by the increased engagement on social media platforms during the COVID-19-induced lockdown, digital platforms are indeed valuable from the communication perspective to be proactive in the event of a similar situation. Moreover, significant themes, including social media adaptivity, absence of knowledge-providing mechanism and perception of safety measures of the vaccine, are the critical parameters leading to an amplified effect on vaccine hesitancy.Practical implicationsThe COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Amplification Themes (CVHAT) equips stakeholders and government strategists with a preconfigured paradigm to tackle dedicated communication campaigns and assess digital community behavior during health emergencies COVID-19.Social implicationsThe increased acceptance of vaccines and the following of CAB decrease the advocacy of mutation of the virus and promote the healthy being of the people. As CAB has been mentioned as a preventive strategy against the COVID-19 pandemic, the research preposition promotes communication intervention which helps to mitigate future such pandemics. As developing, economies require effective communication strategies for vaccine acceptance and CAB, this study contributes to filling the gap using a digital environment.Originality/valueChan et al. (2020) recommended using social media platforms for public knowledge dissemination. The study observed that the value of a communication strategy is increased when communication happens using highly trusted and accessible channels such as Twitter and Facebook. With the preceding context, the present study is a novel approach to contribute toward digital communication strategies related to vaccination and CAB.

How did adult women's fear of COVID-19 affect their attitudes toward cervical cancer screening? An example of Turkey.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between May and December 2021 in Turkey to examine the effect of adult women's fear of COVID-19 on their attitudes toward Cervical Cancer (CC) screening. The study population consisted of 334 women between the ages of 30 and 65 years according to the criteria of the national standards for the CC screening program in Turkey. A socio-demographic data form (21 questions) and the fear of COVID-19 Scale (7 questions) were used for data collection. The mean score of women for the level of knowledge about cervical cancer screening was 6.16 ± 3.05 out of a total score of 10. The mean score of the Fear of COVID-19 scale was 19.20 ± 6.12 out of a total score of 35. Cause of the risk of COVID-19 contamination 25.4 % of women postponed their CC screening. Women's knowledge about cervical cancer screening was found to be moderate, and their fear of coronavirus was found to be close to moderate. It was determined that women with a high fear of coronavirus postponed their CC screening tests.

Vajra Kaksh: Stay Safe from Virus

Today the world is experiencing the Coronavirus infection and numerous other infections that spread through actual reach, it has driven its direction to all aspects of the world and people are battling for their perseverance, yet the fear and spread of Coronavirus don't allow people to go external their homes and take care of their everyday schedule responsibilities. This makes a colossal misfortune to one's procuring and not every one of them has the office to telecommute which drove them to go out into such places which are hazardous and has infection strains. It was the need of great importance to make something like "Vajra Kaksh" which can wipe out the fear of Coronavirus from people so they can go out to take care of their ordinary responsibilities with protection. The Vajra Kaksh is a disinfecting IOT-controlled savvy chamber with a touchless framework and careful steps. This savvy chamber offers numerous applications including ID Card checking through RFID per user and temperature checking of the singular coming into it after that it will check regardless of whether the client is wearing a cover and afterward give them a veil and gloves through shrewd ways after that clean the individual and give them brilliant id card which will deal with a social removing standard.

Coronavirus fear assessment using the modified COVID-19 fear scale among Indian dentists practicing in the Delhi NCR region

Background: Recently, numerous surveys have been conducted amongst different communities to assess the fear of coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19), using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19) scale. Currently, there is a spot within the literature published regarding fear of COVID-19 amongst dentists, and hence, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey to assess the fear of COVID-19 amongst dentists practicing in India. Aim: Assessment of coronavirus fear amongst Indian dentists practicing in the Delhi NCR region using the modified FCV-19. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was formulated using FCV-19S, which gathered the demographic data and fear in relation to COVID-19. Except for the seven-item FCV-19S, three questions were formulated for dentists particularly. The responses were recorded on a five-point Likert scale, starting from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Dentists residing in the Delhi NCR region and above 18 years old were included in the study. Results: A total of 202 responses were obtained, which were considered for the survey analysis. The results obtained after the compilation of the information were subjected to one-way analysis of variance test, and post-hoc Tukey Bonferroni tests were used for multiple comparisons. The study population comprised 65.8% of females and 34.2% of males, with approximately 68.3% belonging to the 18–30 years age group. The t-test for total fear and gender shows total fear score was 18.85 with standard deviation = 6.23. Conclusion: The study suggests that the population associated with healthcare showed lower levels of fear and anxiety than the general population. The fear of COVID-19 has reduced over a period of time due to the awareness of the disease and vaccination. Media plays a significant role in the psychological aspect of the person, irrespective of the profession, which leads to certain disturbances like lack of sleep. More than 50% of dentists agree that the use of precautionary protocols in our dental practice can reduce the risk of getting infected.

The Effects of Coronavirus Phobia and Enxiety States on Parents' Attitudes Towards Their Preschool Children

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of coronavirus phobia and anxiety states of the parents with 2–6-year-old children on their attitudes towards their children&#x0D; Methods: It was carried out the descriptive cross-sectional study. The study sample was composed of 275 parents of 2–6-year-old children in Turkey in winter 2021. During the data collection period, a ‘Descriptive Information Form, COVID-19 Phobia Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale, and Parental Attitude Scale’ were generated on Google forms, and the link was sent to the parents through social media. &#x0D; Results: The parents' mean score from the Beck Anxiety Scale was 33.40±9.97 and their mean score from COVID-19 Phobia Scale was 53.22±15.28. According to the Parental Attitude Scale, mean democratic attitude score of the parents was 73.73±6.09 and mean protective attitude score was determined as 30.55±5.98. A positive correlation was found between Beck Anxiety Scale and COVID-19 Phobia Scale (r= .461; p= .000).&#x0D; Conclusion: Severe anxiety symptoms and a moderate level of coronavirus fear were detected among the parents in the study. Moreover, anxiety and coronavirus phobia were positively correlated with authoritarian and protective parental attitudes. To support and follow children and parents by the nurses in physiological and psychological aspects through innovative approaches is very important

The relationship between fear of Covid-19 and obsessive–compulsive disorder

BackgroundThe coronavirus pandemic and health measures related to it have led to an increase in mental health problems. The relatively high incidence of the disease and its mortality rate created anxiety in society. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and its relationship with obsessive–compulsive disorder in patients who attended the outpatient clinic of Besat Hospital in Hamadan.MethodsIn this cross-sectional descriptive study, 320 patients who attended the outpatient clinic of Besat Hospital in Hamadan were selected by random sampling method in 2021. Data were collected using the Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19) questionnaire and obsessive–compulsive disorder scale and analyzed using SPSS software (V16). They were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test.ResultsThe mean ± SD age of the subjects was 34.14 ± 9.30 years and 65% of the study subjects were women. The mean ± SD score on the obsessive–compulsive disorder scale was 32.90 ± 19.87 and the mean ± SD score for fear of coronavirus was 16.82 ± 5.79. The contamination dimension of OCD had the highest score of 9.04 ± 5.46 and stealing had the lowest score of 0.10 ± 0.49. The mean fear of COVID-19 in people who had a history of obsessive–compulsive disorder before the quarantine was significantly higher than in those who did not have it (P = 0.002). Along with the increasing fear of coronavirus scale score, the score of obsessive–compulsive disorders increased except for the stealing dimension (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of the study showed that there was a moderate level of fear of COVID-19 among the study population. Also, a relatively high proportion of study subjects had a weak manifestation of OCD. It seems that two years after the beginning of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, people have adapted to the conditions, and their fear of the disease is reduced.