Addition Of Fe2O3 Research Articles

Structural, morphological and optical properties of the La2W2O9/Fe2O3 composite for UV-shielding applications

Currently, research has been conducted on the individual oxides La2W2O9 and Fe2O3 but not on its composite form. Using a solid-state reaction technique, a La2W2O9/Fe2O3 composite was created. A particular calcination cycle was followed by mixing the raw precursors. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphological microstructure, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the structural characteristics. The thermal and gravimetric properties were examined via differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The optical characteristics were investigated via UV–visible spectroscopy, which investigated included the transmittance, absorbance, absorption coefficient, band gap (Eg), penetration depth (β), Urbach energy (EU), refractive index, optical conductivity, and dielectric function. These findings indicate that the optical properties improved after the addition of Fe2O3 compared with those of pure La2W2O9. The La2W2O9/Fe2O3 composite holds promise as a prospective material for use in the fields of sunscreen products, UV shielding or solar filtration.

Fe2O3, Al2O3, or sludge ash-catalyzed pyrolysis of typical 3D printing waste toward tackling plastic pollution

Catalytic pyrolysis offers a potential solution to tackling plastic pollution by transforming plastic waste into valuable chemicals. This study explored the catalytic pyrolysis of 3D printing waste (3DPW), specifically focusing on photosensitive resin waste (PRW) and polycaprolactone waste (PCLW), with Al2O3, Fe2O3, or sludge ash (SA) containing Fe/Al. The study revealed a synergistic effect between the catalyst and 3DPW, influencing the pyrolysis properties and kinetic models. The addition of Fe2O3 significantly accelerated the main degradation stages, promoting the releases of 2-Ethylacrolein (64.78 % from PRW) and 2-Oxepanone (16.45 % from PCLW), as well as decreasing the acidic products. The catalytic pyrolysis changed the valence state of Fe, with some Fe(III) shifting to Fe(II), accompanied by the release of CO2. The addition of Al2O3 or SA generated new gaseous products (e.g., 2.93 % 1,3-Pentadiene, 2-methyl-, (E)-) through volatile reforming. The joint optimization of the multi-response artificial neural network revealed PCLW/Fe2O3 between 325–399 °C (D = 0.669) as the optimal operation for achieving both minimal remaining mass and maximum decomposition rate. These findings offer actionable insights into the catalytic pyrolysis of 3DPW, promoting its efficient treatment and clean reutilization.

Improving the foaming performance of foamed ceramics using Fe2O3 as an oxygen donor

A solution is proposed to reduce the cost of preparing foamed ceramics (FCs) by adding Fe2O3 to the material system. As the Si3N4 in the Fe2O3–free material system increases, the molten ceramic matrix allows a slight increase in gas generation at elevated temperatures, resulting in a slight increase in the foaming volume of FCs. The addition of Fe2O3 increases the oxygen supply capacity of the molten ceramic matrix at elevated temperatures, thereby accelerating the oxidation of Si3N4 and consequently increasing the foaming volume of the FCs. The FCs sintered from the 5 wt% Fe2O3 and 2 wt% Si3N4 material system at 1160–1180 °C have satisfactory overall performance with total/closed porosity of (73.6–79.5)%/(71.4–75.7)% and compressive strength of 10.2–15.4 MPa. The addition of Fe2O3 to the material system can reduce the dosage of Si3N4 for FCs preparation, thereby decreasing the cost of FCs preparation.

Enhancement of sulfur control by conditioners during sewage sludge pyrolysis: Focusing on screening and in-situ sulfur fixation mechanism based on model compounds

Utilizing conditioners is effective to reduce S-containing gases during sludge pyrolysis. Revealing the relationship between conditioners of different prices and multiple S control factors under similar conditions is key for efficient screening. However, a detailed performance comparison of conditioners remains unavailable. This study, for the first time, comprehensively compared the S control effect of six typical conditioners, and the model compounds of organic-S were used to reveal the in-situ S fixation mechanism of the conditioners. Results show that the total release of gas-S (especially H2S) decreased by 34.4∼54.2% after the addition of CaO, Fe2O3, and FeCl3. These conditioners (especially Fe2O3) can enhance the stepwise oxidation of easily decomposed organic-S (especially aliphatic-S) into stable sulfoxide-S and sulfone-S. Additionally, sulfide-S and sulfate-S can be generated via the capture of S-containing intermediates (i.e., ·SH) by conditioners (especially CaO). The presence of Cl can react with inorganic sulfide-S or organic-S via replacement, leading to the re-release of H2S. Among all conditioners, CaO, followed by Fe2O3 and FeCl3, showed the best comprehensive performance, especially in terms of price and effective H2S control temperature range. This work can guide the selection of conditioners for the synergistic control of S-containing gases in the integrated treatment of sludge.

MnO2@Fe2O3 Cathode for Aqueous Zinc/Manganese Batteries: Enhanced Discharge Capacity and Stability through Forming FeMnO3

Rechargeable Zn/MnO2 batteries suffer from limited cycle life and low capacity. We utilized MnO2@Fe2O3 as the cathode material, achieving a discharge capacity of 290 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. The Zn/MnO2@Fe2O3 battery maintained over 90% coulombic efficiency after 1800 cycles at 1 A g−1. Even at 5 A g−1, it reached 154 mAh g−1. The addition of Fe2O3 changed the reaction mechanism and realized the MnO2@Fe2O3 transformation between MnO2@Fe2O3 and MnOOH, FeMnO3 based on the co-doping and conversion of H+/Fe(III). This study underscores the immense potential of the MnO2@Fe2O3 electrode in energy storage applications and highlights the significance of Fe2O3 in enhancing cathode cycling stability and discharge capacity.

A structural and optical modification of ZnO-Fe2O3 nanocomposite for enhancing catalytic activity

This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of organic Methyl Blue (MB) using a ZnO-Fe2O3 composite prepared via the sol-gel technique. FTIR analysis elucidates the substantial impact of Fe2O3 addition, as evidenced by shifts in the ZnO absorption bands, notably observed at 631 cm-1 and 919.74 cm-1 peaks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) corroborates heightened crystallinity due to interactions between ZnO and Fe2O3. SEM analysis unveils a highly aggregated structure, showcasing promising capabilities for efficient dye degradation and environmental applications. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibit an intensified peak at 377 nm, indicative of efficient charge separation and electron transfer, offering potential in optoelectronic applications. The composite's distinctive refractive index (n) of 2.33, extinction coefficient (k) of 2.12, optical electronegativity (∆X*) of 0.75, and dielectric constants (εr of 0.40 and εi of 9.92) underscore its versatile bonding and broad application prospects. Evaluating the photocatalytic activity (PCA) reveals that among all samples, the nanocomposite ZnO-Fe2O3 synthesized at 500°C exhibits superior performance, showcasing heightened degradation of MB dye under 90 minutes of sunlight irradiation.

Chlorpyrifos degradation by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1: Characteristics and mechanism analysis

This study conducted a series of experiments to investigate the degradation performance and mechanism of chlorpyrifos (CPF) degradation by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (S. oneidensis MR-1). The results showed that the S. oneidensis MR-1 degradation CPF rate was maximized at a salinity of 10 g·L−1, 35 °C, pH 7, and an inoculum amount of 20 %. The simultaneous addition of anthraquinone sodium 2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) and goethite [FeO(OH)] were able to increase the degradation efficiency to 174.12 %. Further, SEM results showed the FeO(OH) surface might provide a dense reaction site for the degradation. XRD and FTIR analysis revealed the hydroxyl group participated in the degradation process. XPS analysis showed that the addition of AQDS and FeO(OH) promoted the conversion of Fe(III) to enhance the degradation of CPF. Meanwhile, metabolites analysis, indicated that S. oneidensis MR-1 regulated its antioxidant capacity by enhancing its amino acid metabolism and lipid biosynthesis to cope with CPF stress. This work could provide new insights for efficient CPF removal in the future.

Interaction of Te(IV) and Te(VI) with the soil matrix – Sorption and fractionation as a function of soil composition

Tellurium is a technology-critical element (TCE), with relatively limited data on its behavior in the environment, especially the pedosphere. As with other TCEs, its more widespread use, especially in new energy sources, might lead to Te spillage during production or in the eventual waste. Investigation of tellurium's interaction with soil is a necessary step in the research into the physiochemical transformation and determining the mobility of different tellurium species. To broaden the hitherto scarce knowledge of tellurium behavior in the soil environment, selected soluble tellurium compounds were introduced into different types of well-characterized soil (content of fertilizers, organic matrix, clay minerals, Mn, Fe, pH). The study of Te(IV) and Te(VI) sorption indicated that after 7 days the sorption is quantitative and close to 100%. Addition of Fe2O3 to a soil deficient in Mn and Fe increases its sorption potential by about 10 percentage points. Based on fractionation study (0.11 mol L−1 CH3COOH, 0.1 mol L−1 ascorbic acid in oxalate buffer (pH 3), 30% H2O2 at 85 °C followed by 0.5 mol L−1 CH3COONH4), it was shown that the presence of Mn/Fe (oxyhydr)oxides plays an essential role in the mobility of Te, especially Te(VI), regardless of the soil type. In the soil poor in reducible fraction and rich in organic matrix (peat), the organic fraction was responsible for the immobilization of Te, especially Te(IV). Extraction of the mobile fraction after incubation in the presence of DI water (Te extraction: 7–8%), oxalic acid (5–7%) or citric acid (6%) (mimicking rhizosphere activity) indicated that these did not play a significant role in Te retention. Nevertheless, soil modification with biocarbon limited the effect of citrates on Te mobilization. This knowledge is fundamental, i.e. in the context of soil remediation processes and counteracting the migration of Te in the environment from anthropogenic sources (e.g. solar farms).

The ancient glass decoloration technology based on the Fe-Mn redox pairs revived to improve the chemical stability of Fe2O3-containing borosilicate glass for medical application

MnO has been used for the decoloration of glasses containing iron oxide impurity since ancient times, based on the oxidation-reduction of Fe-Mn redox pairs (Fe2++Mn3+→Fe3++Mn2+). In this work, it was evidenced that a combinative addition of Fe2O3 and MnO into borosilicate glasses for pharmaceutical packaging application induced the above reaction and improved the water resistance of glass. As a comparative study, the structure of glasses with the inclusion of either MnO or Fe2O3 and both of them as well as the valence, coordination of Fe and Mn ions in the glasses were fully investigated by using FTIR, Raman, NMR, EPR, PL and UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy. It was concluded that the single addition of Fe2O3 or MnO had a similar depolymerization effect on the glass structure, while the co-addition of Fe2O3 and MnO exhibited a synergistic effect, which led to the increase of glass network connectivity due to oxidation-reduction of Fe/Mn redox pairs and consequently the improvement of water resistance of the glasses.

Impact of mechanical activation and mechanochemical activation on microstructural changes, leaching rate and leachability of natural chalcopyrite

The influence of mechanical activation (MA) and mechanochemical activation (MCA) with Fe and Fe2O3 on the microstructural changes, leachability and leaching rate of natural chalcopyrite was investigated and compared. MCA pretreatments were carried out by chalcopyrite co-milling with Fe and Fe2O3 for 20 and 50 min. The XRD analysis indicated that even after 50 min MA and MCA, constituent phases of chalcopyrite, Fe and Fe2O3 could be detectable beside the newly formed bornite. Regarding the peak broadening and peak intensity reduction, MCA generally intensified the microstructural changes of chalcopyrite in comparison with MA. The microstructural study performed by the Rietveld method also proved that all microstructural parameters changed in favor of reactivity, such that the amorphization degree and microstrain were increased to 96 % and 0.164 (%), respectively, while crystallite size was reduced to 14.6 nm after 50 min MCA of chalcopyrite with Fe2O3. It could be concluded from the leaching tests that MCA along with Fe and Fe2O3 addition could promote the leachability and leaching rate of chalcopyrite, as compared to MA and nonactivated chalcopyrite. Although both the MCA of chalcopyrite with Fe and Fe2O3 could enhance copper extractions in the 1 M sulfuric acid leaching tests at 80 °C, Fe addition was slightly more effective than Fe2O3. The results obtained from the kinetic study also revealed that the leaching mechanism of nonactivated chalcopyrite, mechanically activated chalcopyrite and mechanochemically activated chalcopyrite with Fe2O3 changed from diffusion control to chemical control due to MCA with Fe. Finally, the combination of kinetic and microstructural studies proved that all microstructural parameters, except for the microstrain parameters of chalcopyrite MCA with Fe2O3, could be effective in chalcopyrite reactivity promotion.

Improvement the dielectric and impedance properties of Pb-free Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-SrTiO3 piezoelectric materials modified by Fe2O3

The focus of this study is on the Fe2O3-doped Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-SrTiO3 piezoelectric material. This is important to find ecologically acceptable piezoelectric materials. This research aims to obtain a lead-free piezoelectric material because lead is a material that is not environmentally friendly. An alternative solution is a piezoelectric material based on BNT-ST, which in this case is doped with Fe2O3 material. The study of Fe2O3 doped Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-SrTiO3 piezoelectric material prepared by the solid-state reaction method was carried out to determine the optimum composition of the material formed. Doping variations are 0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 10 in mol %. The examinations were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and an LCR meter. The Fe2O3 doped Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-SrTiO3 produced a new compound in the form of FeBi5Ti3O15-Na2Ti3O7-SrTiO3 with the crystal structure of cubic, orthorhombic, and monoclinic, as well as the increasing crystalline size with the addition of dopants, exclude at 5 mol % and 7.5 mol %. FeBi5Ti3O15-Na2Ti3O7-SrTiO3 also produces varying particle sizes, which are between 0.88–8.23 µm. From the obtained data, the optimum composition of Fe2O3 doped Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-SrTiO3 was the 2.5 mol % of Fe2O3 due to it having the highest dielectric constant (er ) and temperature Curie (Tc ), and also the lowest material impedance (Z) with the er of 12.037 at Tc of 400 °C and Z of 135 kΩ. The high piezoelectricity, which is indicated by the high value of the dielectric constant and Curie temperature, is possible due to the presence of a greater number of sodium ions in the Na2Ti3O7 phase. Sodium ions are ions with good electrical storage capabilities. The increase in dielectric constant in the BNT-ST piezoelectric obtained by the addition of Fe2O3 shows that this material can be used as a substitute for lead-based piezoelectric materials so that it is secure for the environment. The piezoelectric material of BNT-ST doped with Fe2O3 earned from this research can be applied to obtain electricity with a optimal value when given mechanical pressure

Effect of Fe2O3 addition on synthesis of diamond single crystal under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions

The influence of Fe2O3 addition on the growth characteristics of synthetic diamonds under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions was systematically investigated in this work. Utilizing Fe2O3 as an oxygen source within the Fe-Ni-C-O system, oxygen-containing diamond single crystals were synthesized. The role of the oxygen atoms during the growth of large-sized diamonds with the {111} face as the growth surface was also analyzed. In addition, the morphology, growth rate, internal nitrogen content, and crystal quality of the crystals were examined. From our analysis, it was demonstrated that an increase in Fe2O3 addition leads to a reduction in the size of the synthetic crystals and a gradual decrease in the growth rate. The diamonds with complete crystal forms exhibited no significant change in color, and all appeared yellow. When the addition exceeded a threshold, cracks appeared around the seed crystal at about 0.3 mm, resulting in a cracked crystal phenomenon. A further increase in the Fe2O3 addition resulted in the skeleton crystal, and the crystal color turned black. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements were also conducted, indicating that the introduction of oxygen atoms increases the nitrogen content in the crystals, which in turn aggregates in the form of C-centered nitrogen. The Raman spectroscopy results showed that as Fe2O3 addition in the crystals increases, more impurities are introduced, leading to an increase in the diamond stress and a shift in the diamond Raman peak, along with an increase in the full width at half maximum. The photoluminescence (PL) characterization results indicated that with the increase of the Fe2O3 addition, the intensity of the photoluminescence peaks of NV− centers and W8 centers was enhanced, which is related to the increase in the internal C-centered nitrogen content of the crystals. From the acquired results, it was proven that Fe2O3 addition has a significant impact on the synthesis of diamond single crystals. Our work provides valuable pieces of experimental evidence for exploring the formation mechanism of natural diamonds.

Nitrogen migration and transformation during the pyrolysis of corn straw with iron-based catalyst

The pyrolysis of renewable biomass into biofuels and high-value chemicals showcases remarkable application value and extensive market potential. However, the pyrolysis of biomass with high nitrogen content results in the production of NOX precursors that contribute to environmental pollution. Therefore, it is proposed to introduce iron-based catalysts to change the formation pathway of NOX precursors and control their production.The study elucidates the influence of iron-based catalysts on the conversion of nitrogen-containing products between gas, liquid and solid phases during corn straw pyrolysis. First, the effects of iron-based catalyst types on pyrolysis kinetics of corn straw were estimated using Thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS). Based on this, the effects of catalyst type and dispersion on the migration path of three-phase nitrogen-containing products were investigated, and the chemical morphology of the catalyst during pyrolysis was monitored by in-situ XRD to clarify the main catalytic active phase for N2 formation. Results showed that the addition of Fe, FeCl3 and Fe2O3 changed the distribution ratio of three-phase nitrogen-containing products, and the gas phase yield was significantly improved. Notably, the chemical form of Fe2O3 will change and transform into FeOOH, Fe3O4 and α-Fe during pyrolysis. It was confirmed that α-Fe was the main active phase for catalyzing the conversion of nitrogen-containing substances. Higher N2 conversion can be achieved by preparing high purity α-Fe. The mechanism is that α-Fe catalyzes the secondary decomposition of tar nitrogen into NH3 and HCN. Simultaneously, α-Fe reacts with char nitrogen, NH3, and HCN to form FeXN, which decomposes to produce environmentally friendly N2. The research findings offer theoretical guidance for the control of nitrogen pollutant emissions and the targeted acquisition of pyrolysis products (For example, NH3 can be used as a carbon-free hydrogen-rich fue).

Magmatic evolution and sources of metals and fluids in the large granite-related Xiasai vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn(–Sn) deposit, northern Yidun terrane, SW China

The Xiasai Ag–Pb–Zn–(Sn) deposit in the northern Yidun terrane (eastern Tethys), hosted in Late Triassic metasandstones, is genetically associated with Late Cretaceous granites. We present chemical and Sr–Nd–Pb–Li–B isotope data of Late Cretaceous granites and their mafic microgranular enclaves (MME), late aplites, and Late Triassic metasedimentary rocks. The narrow range of 87Sr/86Sr99 (0.70627–0.70953) and εNd99 (–6.1 to –5.2) values of most Late Cretaceous granites reflects a mixed source with contributions from the mantle and Paleoproterozoic felsic crust. These granites have high SiO2 contents (>69 wt%) and strong depletions in Sr, Ba, and Eu. Major and trace element contents correlate with the fractionation index 1/TiO2, indicating that they experienced extensive fractionation. Local late aplite dikes were derived from similar source rocks, but seem to be younger.The Pb isotopic compositions reflect that the metal Pb was derived from the granite with variable contributions from the Late Triassic sedimentary rocks. Weakly and moderately altered metasandstones have similar δ7Li and δ11B values as most granites (δ7Li: 0.00 to 2.68 ‰; δ11B values: –14.93 to –12.36 ‰), indicating magmatic fluid sources. The magmatic fluids resulted in the initial enrichment of Sn, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Strong alteration of feldspar and biotite resulted in the metasandstones in negligible change of Li concentrations, significant loss of Sr, Na2O, CaO, MgO, and Fe2O3, but significant addition of B. This alteration lowered δ7Li from 1.01 to –3.65 ‰ and lowered δ11B from –9.43 to –19.18 ‰. The low δ7Li values and extremely low δ11B values reflect external fluids from the Late Triassic sedimentary wall rocks, which interacted with granites and mobilized metals (e.g., Sn, Ag, Pb, and Zn) from the granite and/or the sedimentary wall rocks. The location of the Xiasai deposit is controlled by regional NNW-trending faults induced by Late Cretaceous extension.

Time-Dependent Study of Inclusions in Bearing Steel Subjected to Rare Earth Treatment with Secondary Oxidation

Due to the strong reducibility and chemical activity of rare earths, the diffusion behavior and secondary oxidation of rare earths in the steel liquid will also have a significant impact on the modified products when rare earths are added to bearing steel, resulting in poor control of distribution behavior. Therefore, this paper studies the influence of time factors on the evolution of rare earth inclusions. The inclusion evolution behavior at different times when the bearing steel was treated with rare earths and subjected to secondary oxidation was simulated at 1873 K (1600 °C). At a cerium content of 0.012% in steel and a secondary oxidation of 0.0025%, the cerium content in steel and the total oxygen (T.O.) content in steel were determined at the 30 s, 3 min, 5 min, and 7 min after the addition and the inclusions were characterized by automatic scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated the formation of a cerium-enriched zone after the addition of the cerium alloy to the steel. As time progressed, a considerable number of inclusions were generated in the cerium-enriched zone, which subsequently disappeared. The trend in the composition of the inclusions can be described as Al2O3 → Ce2O2S + CeS → Ce2O2S. The final composition of the inclusions matches the thermodynamic phase diagram. Following the addition of the transient oxidant Fe2O3 to the molten steel, an oxygen-enriched zone was formed. As time progressed, a considerable number of inclusions were generated in the oxygen-enriched zone and subsequently disappeared. The trend of inclusions composition was as follows: Ce2O3 + CeAlO3 + Al2O3 → Ce2O3 + CeAlO3 → Ce2O2S + CeAlO3. The final inclusion composition coincides with the thermodynamic phase diagram.

Investigation of The Use of Nano Powder On Roller Compressible Fibrous Concrete Roads

Despite the fact that our country's road network is inferior to that of industrialized countries, the volume of motor traffic is increasing. Thus, optimal solutions are imperative during both project and construction phases of highway investments. Concrete superstructures offer an alternative to flexible superstructures in various regions globally, including airport runways, warehouses, urban roads, streets, highways and industrial buildings. The objective of this study was to enhance the compressive and flexural strength of concrete and provide resistance against abrasion. To achieve this, a roller compressible concrete (RCC) mixture design was developed by incorporating basalt fiber, nano TiO2, and nano Fe2O3 additives. The experimental results were subjected to statistical analysis via the technique of analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings of the study indicated that the strength performance of the optimal RCC mixture design reinforced with nano powder and fibers was superior to that of conventional concrete. Upon examination on a material basis, it was determined that the compressive strength exhibited an increase when the water/binder ratio was utilised within the range of 0.38–0.4. As the utilisation of nano-Fe2O3 and basalt fiber materials increased, their compressive strength exhibited a corresponding enhancement. The incorporation of basalt fiber into the composite material resulted in an increase in flexural strength at all ratios where it was utilised. It can be concluded that basalt fiber has the greatest potential for enhancing flexural strength. The optimal water-to-binder ratio for flexural properties is between 0.34 and 0.38. While nano powders can have a positive impact, they cannot achieve the maximum level of strength. For improving abrasion resistance, it was established that reducing the water/cement ratio, using fly ash, basalt fiber, and nano Fe2O3 in the mixture decreased abrasion. However, the usage of nano TiO2 did not have a significant positive effect. The material with the least effect on compressive, flexural and abrasion resistance was identified as nano TiO2. When materials other than nano TiO2 are utilised in accordance with the established optimal mixture calculation, the durability of the resulting RCC road will reach the requisite standard.

Strategic Development of Ni–Cu–Fe2O3 Composite Coatings to Strengthen Mild Steel Against Corrosion

Mild steel is extensively employed in various industries due to its affordability and versatility. However, its susceptibility to corrosion poses a significant challenge. This study explores the efficacy of protecting mild steel by applying coatings composed of highly noble copper and its alloys. In this direction, Ni–Cu alloy and Ni–Cu–Fe2O3 coating have been developed from a sulfate citrate bath on mild steel through the electrodeposition method. The alloy and composite coating deposition was done at different current densities 1 A dm−2, 2 A dm−2, 3 A dm−2, and 4 A dm−2. The copper content of the coating has increased with an increase in current density in both alloy and composite coatings. The deposit with a high Copper content showed lower crystallite size with a lower corrosion rate value at a current density of 3 A dm−2. The trace addition of Fe2O3 into the Ni–Cu alloy matrix has improved the overall corrosion resistance of the mild steel materials as compared to bare Ni–Cu alloy coating.

Iron borophosphate glasses: Merging optical transparency, structural integrity, and radiation shielding efficacy for sustainable uses

The research work explored the influence of iron doping on the optical behavior, structural characteristics, and radiation shielding capabilities of soda lime borophosphate glass system of composition xFe2O3-(42.5-x)B2O3-26CaO-28.7Na2O-2.8P2O5 (x up to 8 mol%). The glass samples doped with varying iron concentrations were synthesized via the conventional melt-quenching method. A comprehensive characterization approach was employed, integrating X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to probe the structural aspects, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to examine the molecular vibrations and bonding, and UV–visible spectroscopic techniques to investigate the optical properties. Furthermore, the study evaluated the potential of these iron-doped glasses as effective radiation shielding materials by assessing their attenuation performance against various radiation types. The influence of iron oxide (Fe2O3) addition on the borophosphate network, coordination environment, and optical absorption was examined. The radiation shielding characteristics, such as mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, mean free path, and other parameters, were assessed using Phy-x freeware program calculations. The results revealed the formation of an amorphous glass structure and the incorporation of iron ions into the borophosphate network. The addition of Fe2O3 influenced the borate superstructural units, the conversion of BO3 to BO4 units, and the optical absorption bands. The glasses exhibited promising radiation shielding properties combined with increasing Fe2O3 content.

Influence of Fe2O3 on synthesis, structure, hardness, and radiation shielding properties of Apatite–Wollastonite (AW) glass ceramics for bone implantation and shielding applications

This paper explores the important impact of Fe2O3 on the synthesis, structure, hardness, and radiation shielding characteristics of Apatite–Wollastonite (AW) glass ceramics for bone implantation and shielding application. The prepared studied samples were prepared and the effects of Fe2O3 addition on the synthesis process, density, and different physical and structural parameters comprehensively investigated. Additionally, the radiation shielding properties were determined by using PHITS simulation code and XCOM calculations for all samples. The results reveal that there is a significant impact of Fe2O3 addition on density, hardness, and radiation shielding of AW glass ceramics. The Vickers hardness values were calculated as 547, 598, and 621 Hv in measurements under 0.1 kg load., the density values are found to be as 2.87, 3.07 and 3.28 g/cm3 for AW, Aw -1Fe, and Aw -2Fe, respectively. The highest linear attenuation coefficient in the AW- 2Fe is 0.096 cm−1, Aw -1Fe showed 0.084 cm−1 and AW gave 0.072 cm−1 at 6 MeV. This study underscores the pivotal role of Fe2O3 as a multifaceted modifier in tailoring the properties of AW glass ceramics for bone implantation and other diverse applications extending from medical imaging to radiation and charged ions shielding.

Extraction of Vanadium from CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3 Slags Based on Vaporization of Vanadium Pentoxide

Vanadium is an important micro‐alloying element for various steel grades. Consequently, it is also present in the slags used in the production of those grades. During steelmaking, the vanadium vaporization from the slag is not desirable, as it increases vanadium consumption and at the same time releases toxic vapors of its higher oxides. However, the recovery of vanadium from the slag after the processing is worthwhile. In oxidic form as vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), vanadium can be extracted from the slag. In this research, the vaporization behavior of vanadium from CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3 industrial slag is investigated at 1873 K. The effect of different process parameters, e.g., the pressure in the furnace chamber, the duration of the oxygen treatment of the slag, and the oxygen flow rate, is considered. The effect of P2O5 and Fe2O3 addition on the extraction of vanadium is studied. It is possible to induce formation of V2O5 gas bubbles in the slag due to the oxidation of vanadium. Thus, vanadium respectively V2O5 is extracted from the slag.